Android 异步处理http://blog.csdn.net/liuhe688/article/details/6532519

stoneechogx 2012-12-20

在Android中实现异步任务机制有两种方式,Handler和AsyncTask。

Handler模式需要为每一个任务创建一个新的线程,任务完成后通过Handler实例向UI线程发送消息,完成界面的更新,这种方式对于整个过程的控制比较精细,但也是有缺点的,例如代码相对臃肿,在多个任务同时执行时,不易对线程进行精确的控制。关于Handler的相关知识,前面也有所介绍,不清楚的朋友们可以参照一下。

为了简化操作,Android1.5提供了工具类android.os.AsyncTask,它使创建异步任务变得更加简单,不再需要编写任务线程和Handler实例即可完成相同的任务。

先来看看AsyncTask的定义:

[java] view plaincopyprint?public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> { 
public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {

三种泛型类型分别代表“启动任务执行的输入参数”、“后台任务执行的进度”、“后台计算结果的类型”。在特定场合下,并不是所有类型都被使用,如果没有被使用,可以用java.lang.Void类型代替。

一个异步任务的执行一般包括以下几个步骤:

1.execute(Params... params),执行一个异步任务,需要我们在代码中调用此方法,触发异步任务的执行。

2.onPreExecute(),在execute(Params... params)被调用后立即执行,一般用来在执行后台任务前对UI做一些标记。

3.doInBackground(Params... params),在onPreExecute()完成后立即执行,用于执行较为费时的操作,此方法将接收输入参数和返回计算结果。在执行过程中可以调用publishProgress(Progress... values)来更新进度信息。

4.onProgressUpdate(Progress... values),在调用publishProgress(Progress... values)时,此方法被执行,直接将进度信息更新到UI组件上。

5.onPostExecute(Result result),当后台操作结束时,此方法将会被调用,计算结果将做为参数传递到此方法中,直接将结果显示到UI组件上。

在使用的时候,有几点需要格外注意:

1.异步任务的实例必须在UI线程中创建。

2.execute(Params... params)方法必须在UI线程中调用。

3.不要手动调用onPreExecute(),doInBackground(Params... params),onProgressUpdate(Progress... values),onPostExecute(Result result)这几个方法。

4.不能在doInBackground(Params... params)中更改UI组件的信息。

5.一个任务实例只能执行一次,如果执行第二次将会抛出异常。

接下来,我们来看看如何使用AsyncTask执行异步任务操作,我们先建立一个项目,结构如下:



结构相对简单一些,让我们先看看MainActivity.java的代码:

[java] view plaincopyprint?package com.scott.async;  
  
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;  
import java.io.InputStream;  
  
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;  
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;  
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;  
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;  
  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.os.AsyncTask;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.util.Log;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
import android.widget.ProgressBar;  
import android.widget.TextView;  
  
public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
      
    private static final String TAG = "ASYNC_TASK";  
      
    private Button execute;  
    private Button cancel;  
    private ProgressBar progressBar;  
    private TextView textView;  
      
    private MyTask mTask;  
      
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
          
        execute = (Button) findViewById(R.id.execute);  
        execute.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View v) {  
                //注意每次需new一个实例,新建的任务只能执行一次,否则会出现异常   
                mTask = new MyTask();  
                mTask.execute("http://www.baidu.com");  
                  
                execute.setEnabled(false);  
                cancel.setEnabled(true);  
            }  
        });  
        cancel = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel);  
        cancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View v) {  
                //取消一个正在执行的任务,onCancelled方法将会被调用   
                mTask.cancel(true);  
            }  
        });  
        progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progress_bar);  
        textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_view);  
          
    }  
      
    private class MyTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {  
        //onPreExecute方法用于在执行后台任务前做一些UI操作   
        @Override  
        protected void onPreExecute() {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onPreExecute() called");  
            textView.setText("loading...");  
        }  
          
        //doInBackground方法内部执行后台任务,不可在此方法内修改UI   
        @Override  
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "doInBackground(Params... params) called");  
            try {  
                HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();  
                HttpGet get = new HttpGet(params[0]);  
                HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);  
                if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {  
                    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                    InputStream is = entity.getContent();  
                    long total = entity.getContentLength();  
                    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
                    byte[] buf = new byte[1024];  
                    int count = 0;  
                    int length = -1;  
                    while ((length = is.read(buf)) != -1) {  
                        baos.write(buf, 0, length);  
                        count += length;  
                        //调用publishProgress公布进度,最后onProgressUpdate方法将被执行   
                        publishProgress((int) ((count / (float) total) * 100));  
                        //为了演示进度,休眠500毫秒   
                        Thread.sleep(500);  
                    }  
                    return new String(baos.toByteArray(), "gb2312");  
                }  
            } catch (Exception e) {  
                Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());  
            }  
            return null;  
        }  
          
        //onProgressUpdate方法用于更新进度信息   
        @Override  
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progresses) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onProgressUpdate(Progress... progresses) called");  
            progressBar.setProgress(progresses[0]);  
            textView.setText("loading..." + progresses[0] + "%");  
        }  
          
        //onPostExecute方法用于在执行完后台任务后更新UI,显示结果   
        @Override  
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onPostExecute(Result result) called");  
            textView.setText(result);  
              
            execute.setEnabled(true);  
            cancel.setEnabled(false);  
        }  
          
        //onCancelled方法用于在取消执行中的任务时更改UI   
        @Override  
        protected void onCancelled() {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onCancelled() called");  
            textView.setText("cancelled");  
            progressBar.setProgress(0);  
              
            execute.setEnabled(true);  
            cancel.setEnabled(false);  
        }  
    }  
}
package com.scott.async;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
 
private static final String TAG = "ASYNC_TASK";
 
private Button execute;
 private Button cancel;
 private ProgressBar progressBar;
 private TextView textView;
 
private MyTask mTask;
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        execute = (Button) findViewById(R.id.execute);
        execute.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
 //注意每次需new一个实例,新建的任务只能执行一次,否则会出现异常
 mTask = new MyTask();
 mTask.execute("http://www.baidu.com");
 
execute.setEnabled(false);
 cancel.setEnabled(true);
 }
 });
        cancel = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel);
        cancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
 //取消一个正在执行的任务,onCancelled方法将会被调用
 mTask.cancel(true);
 }
 });
        progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progress_bar);
        textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_view);
        
    }
    
    private class MyTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
    //onPreExecute方法用于在执行后台任务前做一些UI操作
    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {
    Log.i(TAG, "onPreExecute() called");
    textView.setText("loading...");
    }
    
    //doInBackground方法内部执行后台任务,不可在此方法内修改UI
 @Override
 protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
 Log.i(TAG, "doInBackground(Params... params) called");
 try {
 HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
 HttpGet get = new HttpGet(params[0]);
 HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
 InputStream is = entity.getContent();
 long total = entity.getContentLength();
 ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
 int count = 0;
 int length = -1;
 while ((length = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
 baos.write(buf, 0, length);
 count += length;
 //调用publishProgress公布进度,最后onProgressUpdate方法将被执行
 publishProgress((int) ((count / (float) total) * 100));
 //为了演示进度,休眠500毫秒
 Thread.sleep(500);
 }
 return new String(baos.toByteArray(), "gb2312");
 }
 } catch (Exception e) {
 Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
 }
 return null;
 }
 
//onProgressUpdate方法用于更新进度信息
 @Override
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progresses) {
 Log.i(TAG, "onProgressUpdate(Progress... progresses) called");
 progressBar.setProgress(progresses[0]);
 textView.setText("loading..." + progresses[0] + "%");
    }
    
//onPostExecute方法用于在执行完后台任务后更新UI,显示结果
 @Override
 protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
 Log.i(TAG, "onPostExecute(Result result) called");
 textView.setText(result);
 
execute.setEnabled(true);
 cancel.setEnabled(false);
 }
 
//onCancelled方法用于在取消执行中的任务时更改UI
 @Override
 protected void onCancelled() {
 Log.i(TAG, "onCancelled() called");
 textView.setText("cancelled");
 progressBar.setProgress(0);
 
execute.setEnabled(true);
 cancel.setEnabled(false);
 }
    }
}

 
布局文件main.xml代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:orientation="vertical"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent">  
    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/execute"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:text="execute"/>  
    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/cancel"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:enabled="false"  
        android:text="cancel"/>  
    <ProgressBar   
        android:id="@+id/progress_bar"   
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
        android:progress="0"  
        android:max="100"  
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"/>  
    <ScrollView  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">  
        <TextView  
            android:id="@+id/text_view"  
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>  
    </ScrollView>  
</LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent">
    <Button
    android:id="@+id/execute"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="execute"/>
    <Button
    android:id="@+id/cancel"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:enabled="false"
    android:text="cancel"/>
 <ProgressBar 
android:id="@+id/progress_bar" 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
    android:progress="0"
     android:max="100"
     style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"/>
 <ScrollView
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
 <TextView
 android:id="@+id/text_view"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
 </ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>

 

因为需要访问网络,所以我们还需要在AndroidManifest.xml中加入访问网络的权限:

[xhtml] view plaincopyprint?<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

我们来看一下运行时的界面:





以上几个截图分别是初始界面、执行异步任务时界面、执行成功后界面、取消任务后界面。执行成功后,整个过程日志打印如下:



如果我们在执行任务时按下了“cancel”按钮,日志打印如下:



可以看到onCancelled()方法将会被调用,onPostExecute(Result result)方法将不再被调用。

上面介绍了AsyncTask的基本应用,有些朋友也许会有疑惑,AsyncTask内部是怎么执行的呢,它执行的过程跟我们使用Handler又有什么区别呢?答案是:AsyncTask是对Thread+Handler良好的封装,在android.os.AsyncTask代码里仍然可以看到Thread和Handler的踪迹。下面就向大家详细介绍一下AsyncTask的执行原理。

我们先看一下AsyncTask的大纲视图:



我们可以看到关键几个步骤的方法都在其中,doInBackground(Params... params)是一个抽象方法,我们继承AsyncTask时必须覆写此方法;onPreExecute()、onProgressUpdate(Progress... values)、onPostExecute(Result result)、onCancelled()这几个方法体都是空的,我们需要的时候可以选择性的覆写它们;publishProgress(Progress... values)是final修饰的,不能覆写,只能去调用,我们一般会在doInBackground(Params... params)中调用此方法;另外,我们可以看到有一个Status的枚举类和getStatus()方法,Status枚举类代码段如下:

//初始状态 

private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;  
      
    public enum Status {  
        /** 
         * Indicates that the task has not been executed yet. 
         */  
        PENDING,  
        /** 
         * Indicates that the task is running. 
         */  
        RUNNING,  
        /** 
         * Indicates that {@link AsyncTask#onPostExecute} has finished. 
         */  
        FINISHED,  
    }  
  
/** 
     * Returns the current status of this task. 
     * 
     * @return The current status. 
     */  
    public final Status getStatus() {  
        return mStatus;  
    }  
        //初始状态
 private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
 
public enum Status {
        /**
         * Indicates that the task has not been executed yet.
         */
        PENDING,
        /**
         * Indicates that the task is running.
         */
        RUNNING,
        /**
         * Indicates that {@link AsyncTask#onPostExecute} has finished.
         */
        FINISHED,
    }

/**
     * Returns the current status of this task.
     *
     * @return The current status.
     */
    public final Status getStatus() {
        return mStatus;
    }

  
可以看到,AsyncTask的初始状态为PENDING,代表待定状态,RUNNING代表执行状态,FINISHED代表结束状态,这几种状态在AsyncTask一次生命周期内的很多地方被使用,非常重要。

介绍完大纲视图相关内容之后,接下来,我们会从execute(Params... params)作为入口,重点分析一下AsyncTask的执行流程,我们来看一下execute(Params... params)方法的代码段:

public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {  
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {  
            switch (mStatus) {  
                case RUNNING:  
                    //如果该任务正在被执行则抛出异常   
                    //值得一提的是,在调用cancel取消任务后,状态仍未RUNNING   
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"  
                            + " the task is already running.");  
                case FINISHED:  
                    //如果该任务已经执行完成则抛出异常   
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"  
                            + " the task has already been executed "  
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");  
            }  
        }  
          
        //改变状态为RUNNING   
        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;  
  
        //调用onPreExecute方法   
        onPreExecute();  
  
        mWorker.mParams = params;  
        sExecutor.execute(mFuture);  
  
        return this;  
    }  
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
 //如果该任务正在被执行则抛出异常
 //值得一提的是,在调用cancel取消任务后,状态仍未RUNNING
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
 //如果该任务已经执行完成则抛出异常
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }
 
//改变状态为RUNNING
        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

 //调用onPreExecute方法
        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        sExecutor.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

 
代码中涉及到三个陌生的变量:mWorker、sExecutor、mFuture,我们也会看一下他们的庐山真面目:

关于sExecutor,它是java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor的实例,用于管理线程的执行。代码如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5; 
   private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128; 
   private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 10; 
 
//新建一个队列用来存放线程  
   private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sWorkQueue = 
           new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10); 
//新建一个线程工厂  
   private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() { 
       private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1); 
    //新建一个线程  
       public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { 
           return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement()); 
       } 
   }; 
//新建一个线程池执行器,用于管理线程的执行  
   private static final ThreadPoolExecutor sExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, 
           MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sWorkQueue, sThreadFactory); 
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 10;

//新建一个队列用来存放线程
    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
//新建一个线程工厂
    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
//新建一个线程
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };
//新建一个线程池执行器,用于管理线程的执行
    private static final ThreadPoolExecutor sExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE,
            MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);

mWorker实际上是AsyncTask的一个的抽象内部类的实现对象实例,它实现了Callable<Result>接口中的call()方法,代码如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> { 
        Params[] mParams; 
    } 
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

而mFuture实际上是java.util.concurrent.FutureTask的实例,下面是它的FutureTask类的相关信息:

** 
* A cancellable asynchronous computation. 
* ... 
*/  
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> {  
/**
 * A cancellable asynchronous computation.
 * ...
 */
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> { 

[java] view plaincopyprint?public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {  
    /** 
     * Sets this Future to the result of its computation 
     * unless it has been cancelled. 
     */  
    void run();  
}  
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
    /**
     * Sets this Future to the result of its computation
     * unless it has been cancelled.
     */
    void run();
}

 
可以看到FutureTask是一个可以中途取消的用于异步计算的类。

下面是mWorker和mFuture实例在AsyncTask中的体现:

private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;  
   private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;  
  
public AsyncTask() {  
       mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {  
           //call方法被调用后,将设置优先级为后台级别,然后调用AsyncTask的doInBackground方法   
        public Result call() throws Exception {  
               Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);  
               return doInBackground(mParams);  
           }  
       };  
  
    //在mFuture实例中,将会调用mWorker做后台任务,完成后会调用done方法   
       mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {  
           @Override  
           protected void done() {  
               Message message;  
               Result result = null;  
  
               try {  
                   result = get();  
               } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                   android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);  
               } catch (ExecutionException e) {  
                   throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",  
                           e.getCause());  
               } catch (CancellationException e) {  
                //发送取消任务的消息   
                   message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL,  
                           new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, (Result[]) null));  
                   message.sendToTarget();  
                   return;  
               } catch (Throwable t) {  
                   throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing "  
                           + "doInBackground()", t);  
               }  
  
            //发送显示结果的消息   
               message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,  
                       new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, result));  
               message.sendToTarget();  
           }  
       };  
   }  
    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
 
public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            //call方法被调用后,将设置优先级为后台级别,然后调用AsyncTask的doInBackground方法
 public Result call() throws Exception {
                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                return doInBackground(mParams);
            }
        };

 //在mFuture实例中,将会调用mWorker做后台任务,完成后会调用done方法
        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                Message message;
                Result result = null;

                try {
                    result = get();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
 //发送取消任务的消息
                    message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL,
                            new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, (Result[]) null));
                    message.sendToTarget();
                    return;
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing "
                            + "doInBackground()", t);
                }

 //发送显示结果的消息
                message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                        new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, result));
                message.sendToTarget();
            }
        };
    }

 
 我们看到上面的代码中,mFuture实例对象的done()方法中,如果捕捉到了CancellationException类型的异常,则发送一条“MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL”的消息;如果顺利执行,则发送一条“MESSAGE_POST_RESULT”的消息,而消息都与一个sHandler对象关联。这个sHandler实例实际上是AsyncTask内部类InternalHandler的实例,而InternalHandler正是继承了Handler,下面我们来分析一下它的代码:

private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1; //显示结果   
   private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;    //更新进度   
   private static final int MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL = 0x3;  //取消任务   
  
   private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler();  
  
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {  
       @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})  
       @Override  
       public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  
           AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;  
           switch (msg.what) {  
               case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:  
                   // There is only one result   
                //调用AsyncTask.finish方法   
                   result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);  
                   break;  
               case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:  
                   //调用AsyncTask.onProgressUpdate方法   
                result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);  
                   break;  
               case MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL:  
                //调用AsyncTask.onCancelled方法   
                   result.mTask.onCancelled();  
                   break;  
           }  
       }  
   }  
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1; //显示结果
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2; //更新进度
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL = 0x3; //取消任务

    private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler();
 
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
 //调用AsyncTask.finish方法
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    //调用AsyncTask.onProgressUpdate方法
 result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL:
 //调用AsyncTask.onCancelled方法
                    result.mTask.onCancelled();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

 
我们看到,在处理消息时,遇到“MESSAGE_POST_RESULT”时,它会调用AsyncTask中的finish()方法,我们来看一下finish()方法的定义:

private void finish(Result result) {  
        if (isCancelled()) result = null;  
        onPostExecute(result);  //调用onPostExecute显示结果   
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;  //改变状态为FINISHED   
    }  
private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) result = null;
        onPostExecute(result); //调用onPostExecute显示结果
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED; //改变状态为FINISHED
    }

 
原来finish()方法是负责调用onPostExecute(Result result)方法显示结果并改变任务状态的啊。

另外,在mFuture对象的done()方法里,构建一个消息时,这个消息包含了一个AsyncTaskResult类型的对象,然后在sHandler实例对象的handleMessage(Message msg)方法里,使用下面这种方式取得消息中附带的对象:

[java] view plaincopyprint?AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj; 
AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;

这个AsyncTaskResult究竟是什么呢,它又包含什么内容呢?其实它也是AsyncTask的一个内部类,是用来包装执行结果的一个类,让我们来看一下它的代码结构:

private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {  
    final AsyncTask mTask;  
    final Data[] mData;  
  
    AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {  
        mTask = task;  
        mData = data;  
    }  
}  
    @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        }
    }

 
看以看到这个AsyncTaskResult封装了一个AsyncTask的实例和某种类型的数据集,我们再来看一下构建消息时的代码:

[java] view plaincopyprint?//发送取消任务的消息  
message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL, 
        new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, (Result[]) null)); 
message.sendToTarget(); 
//发送取消任务的消息
message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL,
        new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, (Result[]) null));
message.sendToTarget();

[java] view plaincopyprint?//发送显示结果的消息  
message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, 
         new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, result)); 
message.sendToTarget(); 
//发送显示结果的消息
message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
         new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, result));
message.sendToTarget();

在处理消息时是如何使用这个对象呢,我们再来看一下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]); 
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);

[java] view plaincopyprint?result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData); 
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);

概括来说,当我们调用execute(Params... params)方法后,execute方法会调用onPreExecute()方法,然后由ThreadPoolExecutor实例sExecutor执行一个FutureTask任务,这个过程中doInBackground(Params... params)将被调用,如果被开发者覆写的doInBackground(Params... params)方法中调用了publishProgress(Progress... values)方法,则通过InternalHandler实例sHandler发送一条MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS消息,更新进度,sHandler处理消息时onProgressUpdate(Progress... values)方法将被调用;如果遇到异常,则发送一条MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL的消息,取消任务,sHandler处理消息时onCancelled()方法将被调用;如果执行成功,则发送一条MESSAGE_POST_RESULT的消息,显示结果,sHandler处理消息时onPostExecute(Result result)方法被调用。

经过上面的介绍,相信朋友们都已经认识到AsyncTask的本质了,它对Thread+Handler的良好封装,减少了开发者处理问题的复杂度,提高了开发效率,希望朋友们能多多体会一下。

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