Hibernate使用——自定义数据类型

刘小文 2013-06-27

本篇介绍hibernate的自定义数据类型的用法

      有些时候,出于设计上的统一性考虑,需要针对数据结构可能重复出现的数据模式,引入一些自定义数据类型。也就是说,目的是对某些数据处理方式封装起来,让系统业务逻辑更清晰。

UserType

       这是一个Hibernate的接口,阁下可到官方Doc阅览个梗概:              http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/4.1/javadocs/

       此处举一例以说明之,假设有一member实体,表中有一个email字段为varchar类型,但实际上member可以拥有多个email地址,对应的POJO中email为一个List。

有一计谋为:在表中的email字段存储形式为 “[email protected];[email protected];...”即以“;”为分隔符将多个email拼接起来成为一个字符串。从表中读取时再将其处理成List,

逐个存放email。此时,我们可以通过Hibernate中的自定义类型为email字段做处理,将上述的繁琐逻辑封装起来,请看以下项目:

采用Maven搭建,MySQL做DB,只需专注跟TMember相关的材料即可:

项目结构:

Hibernate使用——自定义数据类型
 

1.SQL

create table t_member (
  id int(11) not null primary key,
  name varchar(80) not null,
  email varchar(120)
);

2.pom.xml(maven 项目,通过其可以非常方便引入所需jar包)

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>learnHibernate</groupId>
	<artifactId>learnHibernate</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>learnHibernate</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.8.2</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.4.Final</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.4.Final</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.4.Final</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.15</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>1.6.1</version>
		</dependency>
		
	</dependencies>
</project>

3.hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

	<session-factory>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
			com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        </property>
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">
			org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
        </property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.url">
			jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate
        </property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">
			root
       </property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">
			root
        </property>
		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">
			true
		</property>
		<property name="hibernate.format_sql">
			true
		</property>

		<!-- 配置C3P0 -->
		<property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">
			org.hibernate.service.jdbc.connections.internal.C3P0ConnectionProvider
        </property>
		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">10</property>
		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">1</property>
		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">3</property>
		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">30</property>
		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">1</property>
		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_periodt">10</property>

		<!-- 配置二级缓存 -->
		<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property>
		<property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property>

		<!-- Hibernate4 这里和Hibernate3不一样 要特别注意!!!-->

		<property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">
			org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheRegionFactory
		</property>
		<!-- Hibernate3 -->
		<!--
			<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider</property>
		-->
		
		<!-- 实体映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="learnHibernate/bean/TUser.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="learnHibernate/bean/TMember.hbm.xml" />

	</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

4.HibernateLocalUtil.java

package learnHibernate.util;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;

public final class HibernateLocalUtil {

	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;	
	
	private HibernateLocalUtil() {
		
	}
	
	static {
		try {
			Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("hibernate\\hibernate.cfg.xml");
			ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder()
						.applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
			sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
			
		}catch (Throwable e) {
			throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
		}
	}
	
	public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory () {
		return sessionFactory;
	}
}

5.TMember.java

package learnHibernate.bean;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

public class TMember implements Serializable{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -2487367694260008988L;
	
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private List email;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public List getEmail() {
		return email;
	}
	public void setEmail(List email) {
		this.email = email;
	}
}

6.TMember.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"  
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
  
<hibernate-mapping package="learnHibernate.bean">
	<class name="TMember" table="t_member">
		<id name="id" column="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
			<generator class="native"/>
		</id>
		
		<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String"/>
		<property name="email" column="email" type="learnHibernate.bean.EmailList" />
	</class>
	
</hibernate-mapping>

7.EmailList.java(本例关键核心所在)

package learnHibernate.bean;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SessionImplementor;
import org.hibernate.type.StringType;
import org.hibernate.type.Type;
import org.hibernate.usertype.UserType;

public class EmailList implements UserType {

	private static final String seperator = ";";
	
	private static final int[] TYPES = new int[] {Types.VARCHAR};
	
	/**
	 * 重新构建一个处于可缓存状态的对象
	 */
	@Override
	public Object assemble(Serializable arg0, Object arg1)
			throws HibernateException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 提供自定义类型的完全复制方法
	 * 本方法将用作构造返回对象
	 * 当nullSafeGet方法调用后,我们获得了自定义数据对象。在向用户返回
	 * 自定义数据之前,deepCopy方法将被调用,它将根据自定义数据对象构造
	 * 一个完全的copy,并将copy返回给用户使用。
	 * 此时,我们就得到了自定义数据对象的两个版本,第一个是从数据库读出的原始
	 * 版本,其二是我们通过deepCopy构造的复制版本,原始版本将有hibernate负责维护,
	 * 复制版本将由用户使用,原始版本用作稍后的脏数据检查依据;hibernate将在脏数据检查
	 * 过程中将两个版本的数据进行比对(通过调用equals方法),如果数据发生了变化(equals返回false),
	 * 则执行对应的持久化操作
	 */
	@Override
	public Object deepCopy(Object value) throws HibernateException {
		if(value != null) {
			List sourceList = (List)value;
			List trgList = new ArrayList();
			trgList.addAll(sourceList);
			return trgList;
		}
		return null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 将对象转化为可缓存状态 
	 */
	@Override
	public Serializable disassemble(Object arg0) throws HibernateException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * 自定义数据类型额对比方法
	 * 此方法将用作脏数据检查,参数代表两个副本,
	 * 若equals返回false,则hibernate将认为数据发生变化,并将变化更新到数据库
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object x, Object y) throws HibernateException {
		if(x == y) return true;
		
		if(x != null && y != null) {
			List xList = (List)x;
			List yList = (List)y;
			
			if(xList.size() != yList.size()) return false;
			
			for(int i=0; i<xList.size(); i++) {
				String xStr = (String)xList.get(i);
				String yStr = (String)yList.get(i);
				if( !xStr.equals(yStr) ) return false;
			}
			
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode(Object arg0) throws HibernateException {
		return 0;
	}

	/**
	 * 本类型实例是否可变
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean isMutable() {
		return false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 从JDBC ResultSet读取数据,将其转换为自定义类型后返回
	 * (此方法要求对可能出现的null值进行处理)
	 * names中包含了当前自定义类型的映射字段名称。
	 * 此处从resultSet中取出email字段,并将其解析为List类型后返回
	 */
	@Override
	public Object nullSafeGet(ResultSet rs, String[] names,
			SessionImplementor session, Object owner) throws HibernateException,
			SQLException {
		String value = StringType.INSTANCE.nullSafeGet(rs, names[0], session);
		
		if(value != null) {
			return _parseToList(value);
		}else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 本方法将在hibernate进行数据保存时被调用
	 * 可以通过preparedStatement将自定义数据写入对应的库表字段
	 * 此处将List型的email信息组装成字符串之后保存到email字段
	 */
	@Override
	public void nullSafeSet(PreparedStatement st, Object value, int index,
			SessionImplementor session) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
		System.out.println("Set method executed");
		
		if(value != null) {
			String str = _parseToStr((List)value);
			StringType.INSTANCE.nullSafeSet(st, str, index, session);
		}else {
			StringType.INSTANCE.nullSafeSet(st, value, index, session);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 在下不明白此方法作用,若有知者能在留言指点一二,不胜感激
	 */
	@Override
	public Object replace(Object arg0, Object arg1, Object arg2)
			throws HibernateException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * UserType.nullSafeGet()所返回的自定义数据类型
	 */
	@Override
	public Class returnedClass() {
		return List.class;
	}

	/**
	 * 返回UserType所映射字段的SQL类型(java.sql.Types)
	 * 返回类型为int[],其中包含了映射各字段的SQL类型代码(UserType可以映射到一个或者多个字段)
	 */
	@Override
	public int[] sqlTypes() {
		return TYPES;
	}
	
	private List _parseToList(String value) {
		String[] strArr = value.split(seperator);
		List emailList = new ArrayList();
		
		for(int i=0; i<strArr.length; i++) {
			emailList.add(strArr[i]);
		}
		return emailList;
	}
	
	private String _parseToStr(List emailList) {
		StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
		for(int i=0; i<emailList.size()-1; i++) {
			strBuf.append(emailList.get(0)).append(seperator);
		}
		
		strBuf.append(emailList.get(emailList.size()-1));
		
		return strBuf.toString();
	}

}

8. TestCase2.java(测试用例Junit4.8.2,若阁下使用Eclipse并有Junit插件,右键Junit test即可)

package learnHibernate;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import learnHibernate.bean.TMember;
import learnHibernate.util.HibernateLocalUtil;

public class TestCase2 {

//	@Test
	public void saveTMember() {
		TMember t = new TMember();
		List emailList = new ArrayList();
		emailList.add("[email protected]");
		emailList.add("[email protected]");
		emailList.add("[email protected]");
		t.setName("Oham");
		//t.setEmail(emailList);
		
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateLocalUtil.getSessionFactory();
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		session.save(t);
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void selectAllTMember() {
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateLocalUtil.getSessionFactory();
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		
		Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(TMember.class);
		
		List members = criteria.list();
		
		for(Object t : members) {
			TMember m = (TMember)t;
			List emailList = m.getEmail();
			
			if(emailList != null) {
				System.out.println(emailList.toString());
			}else {
				System.out.println("no email");
			}
		}
		session.close();
	}
}

 请君动手搞一搞,为求得一个体会

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