python实现多人聊天室

本文实例为大家分享了python实现多人聊天室的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

一、目的

以实现小项目的方式，来巩固之前学过的Python基本语法以及相关的知识。 

二、相关技术

1.wxpython GUI编程

2.网络编程

3.多线程编程

4.数据库编程

5.简单的将数据导出到Excel表 

三、存在的漏洞以及不足

1.由于数据库编码的问题，无法使用中文。

2.在客户端关闭后，其相关的线程仍然存在于服务器的用户线程队列中，所以服务器会错误地往已关闭的客户端传送信息。

3.客户端初始登录并加载历史记录时，会出现每条历史消息后面的回车键丢失的现象，解决的方法是：在加载相邻两条消息之间加个时间间隔，但效果不佳。

四、源码

服务器Server：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from socket import *
import time
import threading
import wx
import MySQLdb
import xlwt
from clientthread import ClientThread

class Server(wx.Frame):
  def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1,title='服务器',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):

    '''窗口'''
    wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
    pl = wx.Panel(self)
    con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
    sta = wx.Button(pl , size=(133, 40),label='启动服务器')
    end = wx.Button(pl, size=(133, 40), label='关闭服务器')
    hist = wx.Button(pl,size=(133,40),label='导出聊天记录')
    subcon.Add(sta, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
    subcon.Add(hist, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
    subcon.Add(end, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
    con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE|wx.BOTTOM)
    self.Text = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY)
    con.Add(self.Text, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
    self.ttex = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
    con.Add(self.ttex, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
    sub2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
    clear = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
    send = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
    sub2.Add(clear, 1, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT)
    sub2.Add(send, 1, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT)
    con.Add(sub2, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
    pl.SetSizer(con)
    '''窗口'''

    '''绑定'''
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.EditClear, clear)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.SendMessage, send)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Start, sta)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Break, end)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.WriteToExcel, hist)
    '''绑定'''

    '''服务器准备工作'''
    self.UserThreadList = []
    self.onServe = False
    addr = ('', 21567)
    self.ServeSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
    self.ServeSock.bind(addr)
    self.ServeSock.listen(10)
    '''服务器准备工作'''

    '''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''
    self.db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
    self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
    self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
    self.Text.SetValue('')
    for data in self.cursor.fetchall():  #加载历史聊天记录
      self.Text.AppendText('%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n\n' % (data[0], data[2], data[1]))
    '''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''


  #将聊天记录导出到EXCEl表中
  def WriteToExcel(self,event):
    wbk = xlwt.Workbook()
    sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')
    self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
    sheet.write(0, 0, "User")
    sheet.write(0, 1, "Datetime")
    sheet.write(0, 5, "Message")
    index = 0
    for data in self.cursor.fetchall():
      index = index + 1
      Time = '%s'%data[1] #将datetime转成字符形式，否则直接写入Excel会变成时间戳
      sheet.write(index,0,data[0])
      sheet.write(index,1,Time)  #写进EXCEL会变成时间戳
      sheet.write(index,5,data[2])
    wbk.save(r'D:\History_Dialog.xls')


  #启动服务器的服务线程
  def Start(self,event):
    if not self.onServe:
      '''启动服务线程'''
      self.onServe = True
      mainThread = threading.Thread(target=self.on_serving, args=())
      mainThread.setDaemon(True) # 解决父线程结束，子线程还继续运行的问题
      mainThread.start()
      '''启动服务线程'''

  #关闭服务器
  def Break(self,event):
    self.onServe = False

  #服务器主循环
  def on_serving(self):
    print '...On serving...'
    while self.onServe:
      UserSocket, UserAddr = self.ServeSock.accept()
      username = UserSocket.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8')  #接收用户名
      userthread = ClientThread(UserSocket, username,self)
      self.UserThreadList.append(userthread) #将用户线程加到队列中
      userthread.start()
    self.ServeSock.close()

  #绑定发送按钮
  def SendMessage(self,event):
    if self.onServe and cmp(self.ttex.GetValue(),''):
      data = self.ttex.GetValue()
      self.AddText('Server',data,time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
      self.ttex.SetValue('')


  # 向所有客户端（包括自己）发送信息,同时更新到数据库
  def AddText(self, source, data,Time):
    self.cursor.execute("insert into history values(\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\")" % (source,Time,data))  #双引号里面有双引号，bug：句子不能有双引号、以及中文
    self.db.commit()
    sendData = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n' % (source,data,Time)
    self.Text.AppendText('%s\n'%sendData)
    for user in self.UserThreadList:    #bug：客户端关闭了仍然在队列中。如果客户端关闭了，那怎么在服务器判断是否已经关闭了？客户端在关闭之前发一条信息给服务器？
      user.UserSocket.send(sendData.encode(encoding='utf-8'))

  #绑定清空按钮
  def EditClear(self,event):
    self.ttex.Clear()


def main():
  app = wx.App(False)
  Server().Show()
  app.MainLoop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

服务器的客户线程Clientthread：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import threading
import time

class ClientThread(threading.Thread):

  def __init__(self,UserSocket, Username,server):
    threading.Thread.__init__(self)
    self.UserSocket = UserSocket
    self.Username = Username
    self.server = server
    self.Loadhist()

  # 加载历史聊天记录
  def Loadhist(self):
    self.server.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
    for data in self.server.cursor.fetchall():
      time.sleep(0.6)         #几条信息同时发，会造成末尾回车键的丢失，所以要有时间间隔
      sendData = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n'%(data[0], data[2], data[1])
      self.UserSocket.send(sendData.encode(encoding='utf-8'))


  #方法重写，线程的入口
  def run(self):
    size = 1024
    while True:
      data = self.UserSocket.recv(size)  #未解决：客户端断开连接后这里会报错
      self.server.AddText(self.Username,data.decode(encoding='utf-8'),time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
    self.UserSocket.close() #这里都执行不到

客户登录界面Logframe：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from socket import *
import wx
import MySQLdb
from client import Client

class LogFrame(wx.Frame):
  def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1,title='登录窗口',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):

    '''窗口'''
    wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,280))
    self.pl = wx.Panel(self)
    con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(2,2,10,10)
    username = wx.StaticText(self.pl, label="Username:",style=wx.ALIGN_LEFT)
    password = wx.StaticText(self.pl, label="Password:",style=wx.ALIGN_LEFT)
    self.tc1 = wx.TextCtrl(self.pl,size=(180,20))
    self.tc2 = wx.TextCtrl(self.pl,size=(180,20),style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)
    subcon.Add(username,wx.TE_LEFT)
    subcon.Add(self.tc1,1,wx.EXPAND)
    subcon.Add(password)
    subcon.Add(self.tc2,1,wx.EXPAND)
    con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
    subcon2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(1,2,10,10)
    register = wx.Button(self.pl,label='Register')
    login = wx.Button(self.pl,label='Login')
    subcon2.Add(register,1, wx.TOP)
    subcon2.Add(login,1, wx.TOP)
    con.Add(subcon2,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
    self.pl.SetSizer(con)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Register,register)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Login,login)
    '''窗口'''
    self.isConnected = False
    self.userSocket = None

  #连接到服务器
  def ConnectToServer(self):
    if not self.isConnected:
      ADDR = ('localhost', 21567)
      self.userSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
      try:
        self.userSocket.connect(ADDR)
        self.userSocket.send(self.tc1.GetValue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
        self.isConnected = True
        return True
      except Exception:
        return False
    else:
      return True

  #登录
  def Login(self,event):
    if not self.ConnectToServer():
      err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '服务器未启动', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
      err.ShowModal()
      err.Destroy()
    else:
      username = self.tc1.GetValue()
      password = self.tc2.GetValue()
      db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
      cursor = db.cursor()
      cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password))
      if not cursor.fetchone():
        err = wx.MessageDialog(None,'用户不存在或密码错误','ERROR!',wx.OK)
        err.ShowModal()
      else:
        self.Close()
        Client(opSock=self.userSocket, username=username).Show()
      db.commit()
      db.close()

  #注册
  def Register(self,event):
    if not self.ConnectToServer():
      err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '服务器未启动', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
      err.ShowModal()
      err.Destroy()
    else:
      username = self.tc1.GetValue()
      password = self.tc2.GetValue()
      db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
      cursor = db.cursor()
      cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s'"%username)
      if not cursor.fetchone():
        cursor.execute("insert into user_list(username,password) values('%s','%s')"%(username,password))
      else:
        err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '用户已存在', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
        err.ShowModal()
      db.commit()
      db.close()


def main():
  app = wx.App(False)
  LogFrame().Show()
  app.MainLoop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

客户端Client：

#/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import wx
import threading
from time import ctime

class Client(wx.Frame):
  def __init__(self,opSock,username,parent=None,id=-1,title='客户端',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):

    '''窗口'''
    wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
    self.opSock = opSock
    self.username = username
    pl = wx.Panel(self)
    con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
    sta = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='连接')
    end = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='断开')
    subcon.Add(sta, 1, wx.TOP|wx.LEFT)
    subcon.Add(end, 1, wx.TOP|wx.RIGHT)
    con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
    self.Text = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY)
    con.Add(self.Text, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
    self.ttex = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
    con.Add(self.ttex, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
    sub2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
    clear = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
    send = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
    sub2.Add(clear, 1, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT)
    sub2.Add(send, 1, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT)
    con.Add(sub2, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
    pl.SetSizer(con)
    '''窗口'''

    '''绑定'''
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.EditClear, clear)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Send, send)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Login, sta)
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Logout, end)
    '''绑定'''
    self.isConnected = False

  #登录
  def Login(self,event):
    '''客户端准备工作'''
    self.isConnected = True
    t = threading.Thread(target=self.Receive, args=())
    t.setDaemon(True)
    t.start()
    '''客户端准备工作'''

  #退出
  def Logout(self,event):
    self.isConnected = False

  #绑定发送按钮
  def Send(self,event):
    if self.isConnected and cmp(self.ttex.GetValue(),''):
      self.opSock.send(self.ttex.GetValue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
      self.ttex.SetValue('')

  #绑定清空按钮
  def EditClear(self,event):
    self.ttex.Clear()

  #接收客户端的信息（独立一个线程）
  def Receive(self):
    while self.isConnected:
      data = self.opSock.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8')
      self.Text.AppendText('%s\n'%data)