一.django初识

1.创建django项目:[ vagrant]$ django-admin startproject devops

[ vagrant]$ tree devops/
devops/     项目目录/项目容器
├── devops　　项目中实际的python包
│   ├── __init__.py  空文件,告诉python该目录是一python包
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-36.pyc
│   │   ├── settings.cpython-36.pyc
│   │   ├── urls.cpython-36.pyc
│   │   └── wsgi.cpython-36.pyc   wsgi兼容的web服务器的入口
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── manage.py　　入口程序/一个实用的命令行工具，可让你以各种方式与该Django项目进行交互

└── __pycache__
　　└── manage.cpython-36.pyc

2.启动服务:

[ vagrant]$ source /home/vagrant/python36env/bin/activate
(python36env) [ vagrant]$

(python36env) [ devops]$ python manage.py runserver  默认是127.0.0.1:8000起动

(python36env) [ devops]$ python manage.py 它会列出相关命令

[auth]
changepassword
createsuperuser

[contenttypes]
remove_stale_contenttypes

[django]
check
compilemessages
createcachetable
dbshell
diffsettings
dumpdata
flush
inspectdb
loaddata
makemessages
makemigrations
migrate
sendtestemail
shell
showmigrations
sqlflush
sqlmigrate
sqlsequencereset
squashmigrations
startapp
startproject
test
testserver

[sessions]
clearsessions

[staticfiles]
collectstatic
findstatic
runserver

3.新建django app:

(python36env) [ devops]$ python manage.py startapp dashboard  或django-admin starapp dashboard

(python36env) [ devops]$ ls
dashboard  devops manage.py

(python36env) [ devops]$ tree dashboard
dashboard
├── admin.py
├── apps.py
├── __init__.py
├── migrations
│   └── __init__.py
├── models.py
├── tests.py
└── views.py

 app要想与project关联起来：就要先配置app的url。

4.配置url---让django项目知道有这个dashboard app的存在

(1)urls.py---先加载app的url--

from django.conf.urls import include, urlfrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [    url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),    url(r‘^dashboard/‘, include("dashboard.urls")),   以dashboard开头的所有的请求都交给dashboard下面urls这个模块去处理。]

(2)新建dashboard/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import include, urlurlpatterns = []

5激活app:settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [

‘.......‘,

‘dashboard‘

]

这样app就与project关联上了。

6.编写视图函数(函数必须接收request参数的函数就是视图函数，视图函数要返回一httpresponse):dashboard/views.py:

from django.http import HttpResponsedef index(request):    return HttpResponse("Hello world !!!")

7.配置url  dashbboard/urls.py:导入视图函数

from django.conf.urls import include, urlfrom .views import index   因为此urls文件与views文件在同一目录下所以用点views就可urlpatterns = [    url(r‘^$‘, index, name=‘index‘),  路由,视图函数,视图函数别名]