dxuxiaoli 2012-02-22
大家要尊重俺的劳动成果,转载请注明出处。本文首发自http://blog.csdn.net/erazy0/archive/2009/11/07/4782368.aspx
俺的百度空间http://hi.baidu.com/erazy0以及俺的ITPUB博客http://space.itpub.net/22666004/spacelist-blog也会同步更新
欢迎共同学习,交流,本人QQ:398467907 邮箱:[email protected]
欢迎交换友情链接~~
===================================华丽的分割线=========================================
果然,事情永远不会一帆风顺,在连续出了N次故障后,今天,俺的 Oracle 11g 终于不甘寂寞,再次的出来“兴风作浪”了。
今天的问题很简单,我登录进oracle用户以后,键入sqlplus出现如下错误:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ sqlplussqlplus: Command not found.
试了几次又重新启动都是这样的,于是立刻去百度,出来一大堆,具体有以下两种:
第2种情况不用考虑,我是用secureCRT直接登录的oracle,不存在环境变量没继承的问题。
至于第1种情况我记得从没有改过家目录下的 .bash_profile 文件,我 vi .bash_profile 看了一下没有发现有什么问题:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if[-f~/.bashrc];then
.~/.bashrc
fi# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATHunset USERNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
ORACLE_SID=zzb
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHexport ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
stty erase ^h
#DISPLAY=192.168.0.1:0.0; export DISPLAY
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
".bash_profile"28L,464Cwritten
[oracle@zzb ~]$ vi .bash_profile#Getthealiasesandfunctions
if[-f~/.bashrc];then
.~/.bashrc
fi# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATHunset USERNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
ORACLE_SID=zzb
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHexport ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
stty erase ^h
#DISPLAY=192.168.0.1:0.0; export DISPLAY
于是我又输入:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ env | grep ORA
[oracle@zzb ~]$
终于出问题了,oracle的环境变量竟然一个也没出来,难道是启动时出了什么问题?于是我又输入:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ source .bash_profile if: Expression Syntax.
怪了,竟然出了语法问题。这时我突然想起来了,这几天我在学 Shell ,难道是我昨天切换到其他的 shell 下没有切换回来?似乎只有这样才会报语法问题吧,毕竟不同的 shell 之间语法还是有一些差异的。于是我就:
果然是 shell 的问题。于是我:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ exec bash[oracle@zzb ~]$
[oracle@zzb ~]$ pstree
init─┬─acpid
├─anacron
├─atd
├─crond
├─cups-config-dae
├─cupsd
├─dbus-daemon-1
├─events/0
├─gpm
├─hald
├─htt───htt_server
├─khelper
├─khubd
├─kjournald
├─klogd
├─kseriod
├─ksoftirqd/0
├─kswapd0
├─kthread─┬─aio/0
│├─ata/0
│├─ata_aux
│├─kacpid
│├─kauditd
│├─kblockd/0
│└─2*[pdflush]
├─migration/0
├─6*[mingetty]
├─24*[oracle]
├─portmap
├─rpc.idmapd
├─rpc.statd
├─scsi_eh_0
├─2*[sendmail]
├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
├─syslogd
├─udevd
├─vmhgfs
├─vmmemctl
├─vmware-guestd
├─xfs
└─xinetd[oracle@zzb ~]$ env|grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=zzb
ORACLE_BASE=/u01
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle
[oracle@zzb ~]$大家可以看到,现在一切正常了。然后再次输入:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@zzb ~]$
这次没报错,然后我就:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Sat Nov 7 12:55:15 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connectedtoanidleinstance.
SQL>startup
ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 313860096 bytes
FixedSize1299624bytes
VariableSize226495320bytes
DatabaseBuffers79691776bytes
RedoBuffers6373376bytes
Databasemounted.
Databaseopened.
SQL> select * from dual;D
-
X可以看到,正常进入了。
最后,秉着好奇心,我又输入:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ echo $SHELL/bin/csh
额。。。怎么还是 csh,pstree 里显示的明明只有 bash ,没办法,我只能:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ su -
Password:
[root@zzb~]#cat/etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:13:news:/etc/news:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTPUser:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:Systemmessagebus:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtualconsolememoryowner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
rpm:x:37:37::/var/lib/rpm:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HALdaemon:/:/sbin/nologin
netdump:x:34:34:NetworkCrashDumpuser:/var/crash:/bin/bash
nscd:x:28:28:NSCDDaemon:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separatedSSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:PortmapperRPCuser:/:/sbin/nologin
mailnull:x:47:47::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin
smmsp:x:51:51::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCServiceUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:AnonymousNFSUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
pcap:x:77:77::/var/arpwatch:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
squid:x:23:23::/var/spool/squid:/sbin/nologin
webalizer:x:67:67:Webalizer:/var/www/usage:/sbin/nologin
xfs:x:43:43:XFontServer:/etc/X11/fs:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin
pegasus:x:66:65:tog-pegasusOpenPegasusWBEM/CIMservices:/var/lib/Pegasus:/sbin/nologin
htt:x:100:103:IIIMFHtt:/usr/lib/im:/sbin/nologin
named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin
dovecot:x:97:97:dovecot:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin
erazy0:x:500:500:erazy0:/home/erazy0:/bin/bash
oracle:x:501:501::/u01/oracle:/bin/csh<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<注意这行
[root@zzb ~]# vi /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:13:news:/etc/news:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTPUser:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:Systemmessagebus:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtualconsolememoryowner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
rpm:x:37:37::/var/lib/rpm:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HALdaemon:/:/sbin/nologin
netdump:x:34:34:NetworkCrashDumpuser:/var/crash:/bin/bash
nscd:x:28:28:NSCDDaemon:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separatedSSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:PortmapperRPCuser:/:/sbin/nologin
mailnull:x:47:47::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin
smmsp:x:51:51::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCServiceUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:AnonymousNFSUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
pcap:x:77:77::/var/arpwatch:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
squid:x:23:23::/var/spool/squid:/sbin/nologin
webalizer:x:67:67:Webalizer:/var/www/usage:/sbin/nologin
xfs:x:43:43:XFontServer:/etc/X11/fs:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin
pegasus:x:66:65:tog-pegasusOpenPegasusWBEM/CIMservices:/var/lib/Pegasus:/sbin/nologin
htt:x:100:103:IIIMFHtt:/usr/lib/im:/sbin/nologin
named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin
dovecot:x:97:97:dovecot:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin
erazy0:x:500:500:erazy0:/home/erazy0:/bin/bash
oracle:x:501:501::/u01/oracle:/bin/bash
"/etc/passwd" 41L, 1932C written注意到被我加红的那一行,问题就出在这儿,看来是昨天练习 shell 的时候不小心把oracle用户的登陆shell给改了,现在我再:
[oracle@zzb ~]$ echo $SHELL/bin/bash
终于好了,至此,我的 sqlplus 不能登录的问题应该算是圆满解决了。
PostScripts:贴一段找来的Matlab error "if: Expression Syntax" in tcsh 作为参考
Solution:
The "if: Expression Syntax" error can occur if you have the SHELL environment variable set to something different than what is expected. For example, one MATLAB user reported this error and was able to trace it to their use of "tcsh" instead of "csh." Once they explicitly set the SHELL variable in .matlab6rc.sh to "csh" the "if: Expression Syntax" was resolved.If you are using "csh" or "tcsh", the "if: Expression Syntax" error may also occur as a result of a syntax error in either the .cshrc or .tcshrc files. Please examine the appropriate file for any errors. Alternatively, you can have MATLAB use "sh" by entering the following before starting MATLAB:
setenv MATLAB_SHELL=/bin/sh Note: The method for setting environment variables depends on which shell you are using.
linux环境下使用sqlplus,在回删时往往会出现一串的乱码。出现乱码是由于oracle的sqlplus不使用gnu的readline库造成的。 或者把sttyerase^H添加到.cshrc中。