codeAB 2019-10-31
主要通过SMTP类与邮件系统进行交互。使用方法如下:
s = smtplib.SMTP(邮件服务地址,端口号)
s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(邮件服务地址,端口号)
s.login(用户名,密码)
s.sendmail(发件人邮箱,收件人邮箱,发送内容)
s.close()
email模块:支持发送的邮件内容为纯文本、HTML内容、图片、附件。email模块中有几大类来针对不同的邮件内容形式,常用如下:
MIMEText:(MIME媒体类型)内容形式为纯文本、HTML页面。
MIMEImage:内容形式为图片。
MIMEMultupart:多形式组合,可包含文本和附件。
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
MIMEText(msg,type,chartset)
msg:文本内容
type:文本类型默认为plain(纯文本)
发送HTML格式的时候,修改为html,但同时要求msg的内容也是html的格式。
chartset:文本编码,中文为“utf-8”
# 构造TEXT格式的消息
msg = MIMEText("hello.text","plain","utf-8")
msg["Subject"] = "xxxxx"
msg["From"] = "xxxx"
msg["To"] = "xxxx"
#发送以上构造的邮件内容要使用as_string将构造的邮件内容转换为string形式。
s.sendmail("xxx","xxx",msg.as_string)
msg = MIMEMultipart()
#实例化一个文本对象
msg_sub = MIMEText("hello.text","plain","utf-8")
#将text消息添加到MIMEMultipart中,作为邮件正文。
msg.attach(msg_sub)
#图片作为附件
import os
img_datas = open(os.getcwd()+ "/reports/xxxx.png","rb").read()
msg_img = MIMEImage(img_data)
msg_img.add_header(‘Content-Disposition‘,‘attachment‘, filename = "xxxx.png" )
msg_img.add_header(‘Content-ID‘,‘<0>‘)
#将图片添加到MIMEMultiplart中,作为附件发送。
msg.attach(mag_img)
发送文本邮件:
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText sender = ‘‘ #发送人邮箱 passwd = ‘lkugmgywydhfff‘ #发送人邮箱授权码 receivers = ‘‘ #收件人邮箱 subject = ‘python发邮件测试‘ #主题 content = ‘这是我使用python smtplib模块和email模块自动发送的邮件‘ #正文 msg = MIMEText(content,‘plain‘,‘utf-8‘) msg[‘Subject‘] = subject msg[‘From‘] = sender msg[‘TO‘] = receivers try: s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(‘smtp.qq.com‘,465) s.login(sender,passwd) s.sendmail(sender,receivers,msg.as_string()) print(‘发送成功‘) except Exception: print(‘发送失败‘)
发送HTML邮件:
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.header import Header sender = ‘[email protected]‘ #发件邮箱 passwd = ‘lkugmgywydhfff‘ #发送人邮箱授权码 receivers = ‘‘ #收件邮箱 subject = ‘python发邮Html邮件测试‘ #主题 content = """ #内容,HTML格式 <p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p> <p><a href="http://www.baidu.com">这是一个链接</a></p> """ msg = MIMEText(content,‘html‘,‘utf-8‘) # msg[‘Subject‘] = subject msg[‘Subject‘] = Header(subject,‘utf-8‘) # msg[‘From‘] = sender msg[‘From‘] = Header(‘大傻子‘,‘utf-8‘) # msg[‘To‘] = receivers msg[‘To‘] = Header(‘二愣子‘,‘utf-8‘) try: s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(‘smtp.qq.com‘,465) s.login(sender,passwd) s.sendmail(sender,receivers,msg.as_string()) print(‘Send Success‘) except: print(‘Send Failure‘)
发送图片邮件:
import smtplib from email.mime.image import MIMEImage from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart sender = ‘‘ passwd = ‘lkugmgywydhfff‘ receivers = ‘‘ subject = ‘python发邮带img的邮件测试‘ #主题 # 创建一个带附件的实例 msg = MIMEMultipart() msg[‘Subject‘] = subject msg[‘From‘] = sender msg[‘To‘] = receivers # 创建正文 msg.attach(MIMEText(‘使用python smtplib模块和email模块自动发送邮件测试‘,‘plain‘,‘utf-8‘)) # 创建图片附件 import os img_file = open(os.getcwd()+"/a4.jpg",‘rb‘).read() msg_img = MIMEImage(img_file) msg_img.add_header(‘Content-Disposition‘,‘attachment‘, filename = "a4.jpg") msg_img.add_header(‘Content-ID‘, ‘<0>‘) msg.attach(msg_img) try: s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(‘smtp.qq.com‘,465) s.set_debuglevel(1) #输出发送邮件详细过程 s.login(sender,passwd) s.sendmail(sender,receivers,msg.as_string()) print(‘Send Succese‘) except: print(‘Send Failure‘)
发送带附件的邮件:
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.header import Header sender = ‘‘ #发件邮箱 passwd = ‘lkugmgywydhfff‘ # 邮箱授权码 receivers = ‘‘ #收件邮箱 subject = ‘python发带附件的邮件测试‘ #主题 # 创建一个带附件的实例 msg = MIMEMultipart() msg[‘Subject‘] = subject msg[‘From‘] = sender msg[‘To‘] = receivers #创建正文,将文本文件添加到MIMEMultipart中 msg.attach(MIMEText(‘使用python smtplib模块和email模块自动发送邮件测试‘,‘plain‘,‘utf-8‘)) #构造附件1,传送当前目录下 文件 att1 = MIMEText(open(‘testdata.xlsx‘,‘rb‘).read(),‘base64‘,‘utf-8‘) # rb以二进制方式读取 # att1["Content-Type"] = ‘application/octet-stream‘ # filename为附件名称,可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字 att1["Content-Disposition"] = ‘attachment; filename = "testdata.xlsx" ‘ #将附件添加到MIMEMultipart中 msg.attach(att1) #构造附件2 att2 = MIMEText(open(‘db.cfg‘,‘rb‘).read(),‘base64‘,‘utf-8‘) # att2["Content-Type"] = ‘application/octet-stream‘ att2["Content-Disposition"] = ‘attachment; filename = "db.cfg" ‘ #将附件添加到MIMEMultipart中 msg.attach(att2) try: s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(‘smtp.qq.com‘,465) s.set_debuglevel(1) #输出发送邮件详细过程 s.login(sender,passwd) s.sendmail(sender,receivers,msg.as_string()) print(‘Send Succese‘) except: print(‘Send Failure‘)