nginx网站性能优化和测试2
yelinag 2011-09-19
目标
1、缓存动态脚本生成的html
2、缓存静态文件(ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png|txt)，让nginx直接从缓存中提供静态文件，不用再透过apache2来提供(众所周知，Apache2的静态文件性能远不如nginx)
3、对首页($uri=/)，控制合适的过期时间，既要考虑性能，也要考虑用户到即时访问最新信息。
环境
OS(操作系统):DebianGNU/LinuxLenny5.0
前端WebServer(反向代理):Nginx0.7.67
后端WebServer(处理动态页面):Apache2
涉及网站类型:主要是PHP，Typecho，Wordpress
参照:ispconfig使用nginx反向代理
过程记录
关闭Apache2的gzip压缩，交给nginx去压缩。
echo'SetEnvno-gzip'>>/etc/apache2/apache2.conf
nginx的配置文件添加如下内容:
http{
......
#添加一个名为STATIC的cache空间
proxy_cache_path/var/tmp/nginx-cache/STATIClevels=1:2keys_zone=STATIC:1000m
inactive=24hmax_size=1g;
}
server{
listen8.8.8.8:80;#你自己的IP
server_name_;#泛域名支持
gzipon;
gzip_staticon;
gzip_proxiedany;
gzip_disable"MSIE[1-5]\.";
gzip_comp_level9;
gzip_min_length1000;
gzip_buffers48k;
gzip_typestext/plainapplication/x-javascripttext/csstext/htmlapplication/xmltext/javascript;
location/{
proxy_passhttp://127.0.0.1:80;#后端的Apache2
proxy_redirectoff;
proxy_set_headerHost$host;
proxy_set_headerX-Real-IP$remote_addr;
proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass_headerSet-Cookie;#对用户传输Set-Cookie的http头，不然无法支持一些包含cookie的应用，比如我的typecho
proxy_hide_headerX-Powered-By;#隐藏不必要的头，减少传输数据
proxy_hide_headerX-Mod-Pagespeed;#隐藏不必要的头，减少传输数据
proxy_cacheSTATIC;#使用先前定义的cache空间
proxy_cache_valid2004043041m;
proxy_cache_use_staleerrortimeoutinvalid_headerupdating
http_500http_502http_503http_504;
proxy_cache_key"$host$uri$is_args$args$http_cookie";#这是关键，以免用户的cookie混用
location~*\.(ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)${#针对静态文件单独处理
proxy_passhttp://127.0.0.1:80;#后端的Apache2
proxy_set_headerHost$host;
expiresmax;
break;
proxy_cacheSTATIC;
proxy_cache_valid2004043041m;
proxy_cache_use_staleerrortimeoutinvalid_headerupdating
http_500http_502http_503http_504;
proxy_cache_key$host$uri$is_args$args;#可以看出，与上面的相比，这里没有cookie，最大化利用静态文件的缓存。
}
}
}
压力测试
优化之前:
之所以用并发100,请求100,是因为1000的时候已经挂掉了(测试环境的硬件性能有限)……
ispconfig:/tmp#ab-c100-n100http://www.linuxzh.org/jobs.html
ThisisApacheBench,Version2.3<$Revision:655654$>
Copyright1996AdamTwiss,ZeusTechnologyLtd,http://www.zeustech.net/
LicensedtoTheApacheSoftwareFoundation,http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking127.0.0.1(bepatient).....done
ServerSoftware:Apache
ServerHostname:www.linuxzh.org
ServerPort:80
DocumentPath:/jobs.html
DocumentLength:31483bytes
ConcurrencyLevel:100
Timetakenfortests:18.370seconds
Completerequests:100
Failedrequests:0
Writeerrors:0
Totaltransferred:3178200bytes
HTMLtransferred:3148300bytes
Requestspersecond:5.44[#/sec](mean)
Timeperrequest:18369.758[ms](mean)
Timeperrequest:183.698[ms](mean,acrossallconcurrentrequests)
Transferrate:168.96[Kbytes/sec]received
ConnectionTimes(ms)
minmean[+/-sd]medianmax
Connect:120.523
Processing:46798374912.1982518365
Waiting:45598204912.1980418350
Total:47098394911.6982718367
Percentageoftherequestsservedwithinacertaintime(ms)
50%9827
66%12902
75%14182
80%15097
90%16446
95%17511
98%18322
99%18367
100%18367(longestrequest)
优化之后:
ispconfig:tmp#ab-c1000-n1000http://www.linuxzh.org/jobs.html
ThisisApacheBench,Version2.3<$Revision:655654$>
Copyright1996AdamTwiss,ZeusTechnologyLtd,http://www.zeustech.net/
LicensedtoTheApacheSoftwareFoundation,http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking210.56.192.69(bepatient)
Completed100requests
Completed200requests
Completed300requests
Completed400requests
Completed500requests
Completed600requests
Completed700requests
Completed800requests
Completed900requests
Completed1000requests
Finished1000requests
ServerSoftware:nginx
ServerHostname:www.linuxzh.org
ServerPort:80
DocumentPath:/
DocumentLength:17117bytes
ConcurrencyLevel:1000
Timetakenfortests:0.160seconds
Completerequests:1000
Failedrequests:0
Writeerrors:0
Totaltransferred:17451000bytes
HTMLtransferred:17117000bytes
Requestspersecond:6236.55[#/sec](mean)
Timeperrequest:160.345[ms](mean)
Timeperrequest:0.160[ms](mean,acrossallconcurrentrequests)
Transferrate:106283.28[Kbytes/sec]received
ConnectionTimes(ms)
minmean[+-sd]medianmax
Connect:35577.75868
Processing:55624.96271
Waiting:124015.73569
Total:1041195.7119130
Percentageoftherequestsservedwithinacertaintime(ms)
50%119
66%121
75%123
80%124
90%126
95%128
98%129
99%130
100%130(longestrequest)
注意
1、proxy_key中只有用户发出的Cookie才会单独生成一个缓存，也就是说，不会每个未登陆的用户都生成一个缓存文件。
另外，针对静态文件，不记录cookie。
2、记得关闭后端Server的gzip压缩，nginx会直接缓存gzip的内容，不支持gzip的浏览器可能会出现乱码等问题。
