江南一叶 2013-02-23
聚合函数、多行函数、分组函数都是一类函数
GROUP BY 和 HAVING
group 函数:AVG\SUM\MIN\MAX\COUNT\STDDEV\VARIANCE
DISTINCT 与 group 函数结合使用
NULL 值在 group函数当中的处理
嵌套 group 函数
group 函数的语法:
SELECT GROUP_FUNCTION(COLUMN),...
FROM TABLE
[WHERE CONDITION]
[ORDER BY COLUMN];
---示例1:AVG\MAX\MIN\SUM针对NUMBER类型数据
SELECT AVG(SALARY), MAX(SALARY), MIN(SALARY), SUM(SALARY)
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE JOB_ID LIKE '%REP%';
AVG(SALARY) MAX(SALARY) MIN(SALARY) SUM(SALARY)
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
8272.72727 11500 6000 273000
---示例2:MIN和MAX可以针对number外还可以针对date类型数据
hr@PROD> SELECT MIN(HIRE_DATE), MAX(HIRE_DATE) FROM EMPLOYEES;
MIN(HIRE_ MAX(HIRE_
--------- ---------
17-JUN-87 21-APR-00
----示例3:COUNT(*) 和 COUNT(1),COUNT(1)的速度比COUNT(*)快
hr@PROD> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEES;
COUNT(*)
----------
107
-----COUNT(*)返回某个表中的行数
hr@PROD> SELECT COUNT(1) FROM EMPLOYEES;
COUNT(1)
----------
107
---COUNT(EXPR)符合expr 的所有非空值行的行数,请看下例:
hr@PROD> SELECT COUNT(COMMISSION_PCT) FROM EMPLOYEES;
COUNT(COMMISSION_PCT)
---------------------
35
hr@PROD> SELECT COUNT(DEPARTMENT_ID) FROM EMPLOYEES;
COUNT(DEPARTMENT_ID)
--------------------
106
hr@PROD> SELECT COUNT(EMPLOYEE_ID) FROM EMPLOYEES;
COUNT(EMPLOYEE_ID)
------------------
107
------------DISTINCT 和 group 函数的配合使用
示例:
hr@PROD> SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT DEPARTMENT_ID) FROM EMPLOYEES;
COUNT(DISTINCTDEPARTMENT_ID)
----------------------------
11
--------------------------------
-----------group 函数对 Null 值的处理
----group 函数忽略列中的 null 值
hr@PROD> SELECT COUNT(COMMISSION_PCT) FROM EMPLOYEES;
COUNT(COMMISSION_PCT)
---------------------
35
hr@PROD> SELECT COUNT(NVL(COMMISSION_PCT,0)) FROM EMPLOYEES;
COUNT(NVL(COMMISSION_PCT,0))
----------------------------
107
-----35 人参与计算
hr@PROD> SELECT AVG(COMMISSION_PCT) FROM EMPLOYEES;
AVG(COMMISSION_PCT)
-------------------
.222857143
------107 人参与计算
hr@PROD> SELECT AVG(NVL(COMMISSION_PCT,0)) FROM EMPLOYEES;
AVG(NVL(COMMISSION_PCT,0))
--------------------------
.072897196
-------创建分组数据----
GROUP BY 子句
计算每个部门中的平均薪水
SELECT COLUMN ,GROUP_FUNCTION(COLUMN)
FROM TABLE
[WHERE CONDITION]
[GROUP BY GROUP_BY_EXPRESSION]
[ORDER BY COLUMN];
注意:SELECT 子句中的 COLUMN 必须包含在 GROUP BY 子句中
列出的单行必须包含在 group by 子句中
执行顺序,先计算 WHERE,后计算group by,再查询结果,最后执行 order by
order by 中可以使用别名,where 和 group by 中不允许使用别名