happyfreeangel 2020-06-18
Git,GitHub,GitLab,这三个东东长得好像呀,都是个啥?
Git是Linus Torvalds(如果不知道这位大神是谁,请出门左转,慢走不送~)为了帮助管理Linux内核而开发的一个开放源代码的版本控制软件。
GitHub,又名全球最大同行交友软件(O(∩_∩)O哈哈~),是一个面向开源及私有项目的托管平台,因为仅仅支持Git作为唯一的版本库格式,故名GitHub。
GitLab是由GitLabInc.开发的,是基于MIT许可证的Git仓库管理工具,具有Wiki和Issue跟踪功能,目前有企业版和社区版两个分支,对于个人来说,社区版应该是完全够用的。
其实,简单来说,可以把GitLab看做是个个人版的GitHub,也就是说,可以在自己服务器上部署一套GitLab服务,该服务可以提供代码仓库托管等功能,用法与GibHub基本一致。
# 安装并配置必要的依赖 [ ~]# yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server [ ~]# systemctl enable sshd [ ~]# systemctl start sshd # CentOS7系统中,在防火墙打开场景下,打开HTTP, HTTPS和SSH访问 [ ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http [ ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https [ ~]# systemctl reload firewalld # 安装Postfix,用来发送通知邮件 [ ~]# yum install postfix [ ~]# systemctl enable postfix [ ~]# systemctl start postfix
注意:为了避免下载失败导致GitLab安装失败,可以配置清华镜像,镜像配置操作如下
# GitLab Community Edition镜像使用帮助 # https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/gitlab-ce/ # 1. 新建/etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-ce.repo, 内容如下 [gitlab-ce] name=Gitlab CE Repository baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el$releasever/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1
使用yum安装GitLab社区版
# yum安装GitLab社区版 [ ~]# yum makecache [ ~]# yum install gitlab-ce Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:12.9.1-ce.0.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================================================= Installing: gitlab-ce x86_64 12.9.1-ce.0.el7 gitlab-ce 721 M Transaction Summary ========================================================================================= Install 1 Package Total download size: 721 M Installed size: 721 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm | 721 MB 00:01:49 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64 1/1 It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script. *. *. *** *** ***** ***** .****** ******* ******** ******** ,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,, .,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,. ,,,,,,,****,,,,,, .,,,***,,,, ,*,. _______ __ __ __ / ____(_) /_/ / ____ _/ /_ / / __/ / __/ / / __ `/ __ / /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ / \____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/ Thank you for installing GitLab! GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance. Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url` configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file. Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command: sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md GitLab now ships with a newer version of PostgreSQL (11.7), but it is not yet enabled by default. To upgrade, please see: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#upgrade-packaged-postgresql-server Verifying : gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:12.9.1-ce.0.el7 Complete!
安装完成后,重点关注下面提示信息:
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance. GitLab无法为你的GitLab检测到有效的主机名。 Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url` configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file. 请通过配置`external_url`为你的GitLab实例配置一个URL,该配置项在/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb文件中。 Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command: sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure 然后,通过运行sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure启动你的GitLab实例
注意:配置完成后,需要使用sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
命令重新配置并启动GitLab实例才行。
在GitLab安装完成后,首次登录时,需要配置GitLab管理员密码,如下图所示。
注意:管理员账号为root,管理员密码非常重要,是维护GitLab服务的重要账户,尽量不要搞忘了。
根据上面的安装步骤安装完成后后,启动GitLab实例后,你可能会想,这下可以愉快的与GitLab玩耍了吧、
砰,一大盆凉水浇过来、
GitLab是非常吃内存和服务器性能的,为了在自己主机或者虚拟机上正常启动和访问,需要进行下面配置和调优。
先看下官方给出的推荐CPU,内存配置:
GitLab推荐至少2核CPU,只有1核的话,可能会导致GitLab服务卡死,无法正常对外服务。
由上可知,内存配置主要影响GitLab服务的并发用户数量,对于自己使用来说,感觉2GB完全够用了。
GitLab配置文件路径:/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
。下面对GitLab关键配置进行修改:
## GitLab URL ##! URL on which GitLab will be reachable. ##! 用户访问GitLab的URL地址 external_url ‘http://cos‘ ###! Minimum worker_processes is 2 at this moment ###! GitLab默认开启进程数为CPU核数+1,可以提高服务器的相应时间,太吃内存 ###! GitLab的最小工作进程,该参数最小值为2,设为1可能导致服务器卡死 unicorn[‘worker_processes‘] = 2 ### **Only change these settings if you understand well what they mean** ###! 工程进程的内存限制,默认最小为400MB,最大为650MB unicorn[‘worker_memory_limit_min‘] = "200 * 1 << 20" unicorn[‘worker_memory_limit_max‘] = "300 * 1 << 20" # sidekiq并发数默认值为25 sidekiq[‘concurrency‘] = 5 ###! Changing any of these settings requires a restart of postgresql. ###! By default, reconfigure reloads postgresql if it is running. If you ###! change any of these settings, be sure to run `gitlab-ctl restart postgresql` ###! after reconfigure in order for the changes to take effect. ##! **recommend value is 1/4 of total RAM, up to 14GB.** ##! 数据库缓存,默认值为256MB ##!推荐值为1/4的RAM大小,按推荐值肯定崩了 postgresql[‘shared_buffers‘] = "128MB" ##! 数据库并发数 postgresql[‘max_worker_processes‘] = 4
GitLab安装配置完成后,我们可以通过gitlab-ctl start
命令启动,gitlab-ctl stop
命令停止GitLab服务。
# 查看GitLab服务状态 [ ~]# gitlab-ctl status run: gitaly: (pid 2202) 830s; run: log: (pid 2201) 830s run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 2212) 830s; run: log: (pid 2211) 830s run: logrotate: (pid 2217) 830s; run: log: (pid 2214) 830s run: nginx: (pid 2198) 830s; run: log: (pid 2197) 830s run: postgresql: (pid 2204) 830s; run: log: (pid 2203) 830s run: redis: (pid 2213) 830s; run: log: (pid 2210) 830s run: sidekiq: (pid 2195) 830s; run: log: (pid 2193) 830s run: unicorn: (pid 2196) 830s; run: log: (pid 2194) 830s
GitLab服务启动后,我们可以通过Web页面访问GitLab服务。
接下来,会专门再写一篇博客讲述如何在Windows上通过Git客户端像访问GitHub一样访问GitLab,敬请期待~