jieren 2019-06-20
来自 RailsTutorial 3rd 第五章 完善布局
heroku项目地址:https://demo5-filling-in-layout.herokuapp.com/
源码地址: https://bitbucket.org/imedingyiming/demo5-filling-in-layout
Bootstrap
局部视图
Rails路由
Asset Pipeline
rails new demo5-filling-in-layout --skip-bundle //拷贝demo3中gemfile内容并添加 gem 'bootstrap-sass','3.2.0.0' source 'https://rubygems.org' gem 'rails', '4.2.5' gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0' gem 'bootstrap-sass' gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0' gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0' gem 'jquery-rails' gem 'turbolinks' gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0' gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc group :development, :test do gem 'byebug' gem 'sqlite3' gem 'web-console', '2.0.0.beta3' gem 'spring' end group :test do gem 'minitest-reporters', '1.0.5' gem 'mini_backtrace', '0.1.3' gem 'guard-minitest', '2.3.1' end group :production do gem 'pg', '0.17.1' gem 'rails_12factor', '0.0.2' end
安装gem依赖
bundle install
推送到Bitbucket
git init git add -A git commit -m 'init demo5' git remote add origin [email protected]:imedingyiming/demo5-filling-in-layout.git git push origin master
推送到HeroKu
heroku create demo5-filling-in-layout git push heroku master heroku open
感觉不熟练,所以在此自己再打一遍
生成控制器与一些列方法
rails g controller StaticPages home help contact about
TDD
写测试 RED
要做的是三个页面标题区分
//test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb def setup @base_title = 'Rails Tutorial' end test "should get home" do get :home assert_response :success assert_select "title", "#{@base_title}" end test "should get help" do get :help assert_response :success assert_select "title", "Help | #{@base_title}" end test "should get contact" do get :contact assert_response :success assert_select "title", "Contact | #{@base_title}" end test "should get about" do get :about assert_response :success assert_select "title", "About | #{@base_title}" end end
写应用代码 GREEN
给每个页面添加各自标题
重构
使用辅助方法灵活改变标题
//app/helpers/application_helper.rb def full_title(page_title = '') base_title = 'Rails Tutorial' if page_title.empty? base_title else "#{page_title} | #{base_title}" end end //然后到布局文件中直接用 app/views/layouts/application.html.erb <%= full_title(:title) %> //子页面中按需填充 <% provide(:title,'Help') %>
导航
首页链接
//关键代码 <%= link_to "Sign up now!", '#', class: "btn btn-lg btn-primary" %> //加载的图片位于 app/assets/images/文件夹中 <%= link_to image_tag("rails.png", alt: "Rails logo"),'http://rubyonrails.org/' %> || <img alt="Rails logo" src="/assets/rails-9308b8f92fea4c19a3a0d8385b494526.png" /> //获取图片 curl -O http://rubyonrails.org/images/rails.png mv rails.png app/assets/images/
//新建app/assets/stylesheets/custom.css.scss @import "bootstrap-sprockets"; @import "bootstrap"; ...
下划线开头
+ app/views/layouts/ - _shim.html.erb - _header.html.erb
布局中使用局部视图
<%= render 'layouts/shim' %> <%= render 'layouts/header' %>
静态资源三个标准文件夹中的用途
app/assets : 当前应用的资源文件
lib/assets : 开发团队自己开发的代码库使用的资源文件
vendor/assets : 第三方代码库使用的资源文件
清单文件
app/assets/stylesheets/application.css
预处理引擎
Sass
嵌套
变量
{
&:hover {
color : $gray;
}
}
### 布局中的链接
<%= link_to "About", about_path %> //网站中链接的路由和URL地址的映射关系 页面 URL 具名路由 首页 / root_path 关于 /about about_path 帮助 /help help_path 联系 /contact contact_path 注册 /signup signup_path 登录 /login login_path
对根路由来说,创建的具名路由是root_path
和root_url
get 'static_pages/help' 改为 get 'help' => 'static_pages#help' ...其他类似
生成测试模板 test/integration/site_layout_test.rb
rails g integration_test site_layout
要测试的内容
1.访问根路由
2.确认使用正确的模板渲染
3.检查指向首页,帮助页面,关于页面和联系页面\
测试布局中的链接
test "layout links" do get root_path assert_template 'static_pages/home' assert_select "a[href=?]", root_path,count: 2 assert_select "a[href=?]", help_path assert_select "a[href=?]", about_path assert_select "a[href=?]", contact_path end
assert_select 一些用法
代码 匹配的HTML assert_select "div" <div></div> assert_select "div","foobar" <div>foobar</div> assert_select "div.nav" <div class="nav"></div> assert_select "div#profile" <div id="profile"></div> assert_select "div[name=yo]" <div name="yo"></div> assert_select "a[href=?]",'/',count:1 <a href="/"></a> assert_select "a[href=?]",'/',text:"foo" <a href="/">foo</a>
测试
bundle exec rake test:integration
bundle exec rake test
在之前一些基础配置下进行推送
git status git add -A git commit -m 'layouts' git push origin master git push heroku master heroku open
生成用户控制器
rails generate controller Users new //生成一系列内容 bundle exec rake test
生成的一系列内容,很丰富,需要清晰认识
create app/controllers/users_controller.rb route get 'users/new' #添加路由 invoke erb create app/views/users #新增文件夹 create app/views/users/new.html.erb #生成模板文件 invoke test_unit create test/controllers/users_controller_test.rb #控制器测试文件 invoke helper create app/helpers/users_helper.rb #辅助方法 invoke test_unit invoke assets invoke coffee create app/assets/javascripts/users.coffee #coffee js invoke scss create app/assets/stylesheets/users.scss #scss文件
修改路由
get 'signup' => 'users#new' #添加 'signup'可以得到具名路由`signup_path`
添加注册链接
//home.html.erb <%= link_to "Sign up now!", signup_path, class: "btn btn-lg btn-primary"%>
添加注册标题
//app/views/users/new.html.erb <% provide(:title,'Sign up') %>
推送
定义布局
Rails局部视图
Sass和Asset Pipeline
具名路由
集成测试链接
切分支
git checkout -b demo5-exe git branch
在测试中引入应用的辅助方法
//test/test_helper.rb ... include ApplicationHelper ...
测试中使用full_title方法
//test/integration/site_layout_test.rb ... get signup_path assert_select "title", full_title("Sign up") ...
测试full_title辅助方法
使用assert_equal方法通过 == 操作符检查两个值是否相等
//test/helpers/application_helper_test.rb require 'test_helper' class ApplicationHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase test "full title helper" do assert_equal full_title, "Rails Tutorial" assert_equal full_title("Help"), "Help | Rails Tutorial" end end
ok! git