xhao 2019-12-02
桶排序是计数排序的升级版。它利用了函数的映射关系,高效与否的关键就在于这个映射函数的确定。为了使桶排序更加高效,我们需要做到这两点: 在额外空间充足的情况下,尽量增大桶的数量 使用的映射函数能够将输入的 N 个数据均匀的分配到 K 个桶中 同时,对于桶中元素的排序,选择何种比较排序算法对于性能的影响至关重要。 什么时候最快 当输入的数据可以均匀的分配到每一个桶中。 什么时候最慢 当输入的数据被分配到了同一个桶中。
代码实现 JavaScript function bucketSort(arr, bucketSize) { if (arr.length === 0) { return arr; } var i; var minValue = arr[0]; var maxValue = arr[0]; for (i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) { if (arr[i] < minValue) { minValue = arr[i]; // 输入数据的最小值 } else if (arr[i] > maxValue) { maxValue = arr[i]; // 输入数据的最大值 } } //桶的初始化 var DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE = 5; // 设置桶的默认数量为5 bucketSize = bucketSize || DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE; var bucketCount = Math.floor((maxValue - minValue) / bucketSize) + 1; var buckets = new Array(bucketCount); for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) { buckets[i] = []; } //利用映射函数将数据分配到各个桶中 for (i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { buckets[Math.floor((arr[i] - minValue) / bucketSize)].push(arr[i]); } arr.length = 0; for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) { insertionSort(buckets[i]); // 对每个桶进行排序,这里使用了插入排序 for (var j = 0; j < buckets[i].length; j++) { arr.push(buckets[i][j]); } } return arr; }
Java public class BucketSort implements IArraySort { private static final InsertSort insertSort = new InsertSort(); @Override public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception { // 对 arr 进行拷贝,不改变参数内容 int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length); return bucketSort(arr, 5); } private int[] bucketSort(int[] arr, int bucketSize) throws Exception { if (arr.length == 0) { return arr; } int minValue = arr[0]; int maxValue = arr[0]; for (int value : arr) { if (value < minValue) { minValue = value; } else if (value > maxValue) { maxValue = value; } } int bucketCount = (int) Math.floor((maxValue - minValue) / bucketSize) + 1; int[][] buckets = new int[bucketCount][0]; // 利用映射函数将数据分配到各个桶中 for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { int index = (int) Math.floor((arr[i] - minValue) / bucketSize); buckets[index] = arrAppend(buckets[index], arr[i]); } int arrIndex = 0; for (int[] bucket : buckets) { if (bucket.length <= 0) { continue; } // 对每个桶进行排序,这里使用了插入排序 bucket = insertSort.sort(bucket); for (int value : bucket) { arr[arrIndex++] = value; } } return arr; } /** * 自动扩容,并保存数据 * * @param arr * @param value */ private int[] arrAppend(int[] arr, int value) { arr = Arrays.copyOf(arr, arr.length + 1); arr[arr.length - 1] = value; return arr; } }
PHP function bucketSort($arr, $bucketSize = 5) { if (count($arr) === 0) { return $arr; } $minValue = $arr[0]; $maxValue = $arr[0]; for ($i = 1; $i < count($arr); $i++) { if ($arr[$i] < $minValue) { $minValue = $arr[$i]; } else if ($arr[$i] > $maxValue) { $maxValue = $arr[$i]; } } $bucketCount = floor(($maxValue - $minValue) / $bucketSize) + 1; $buckets = array(); for ($i = 0; $i < count($buckets); $i++) { $buckets[$i] = []; } for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) { $buckets[floor(($arr[$i] - $minValue) / $bucketSize)][] = $arr[$i]; } $arr = array(); for ($i = 0; $i < count($buckets); $i++) { $bucketTmp = $buckets[$i]; sort($bucketTmp); for ($j = 0; $j < count($bucketTmp); $j++) { $arr[] = $bucketTmp[$j]; } } return $arr; }
C++ #include<iterator> #include<iostream> #include<vector> using namespace std; const int BUCKET_NUM = 10; struct ListNode{ explicit ListNode(int i=0):mData(i),mNext(NULL){} ListNode* mNext; int mData; }; ListNode* insert(ListNode* head,int val){ ListNode dummyNode; ListNode *newNode = new ListNode(val); ListNode *pre,*curr; dummyNode.mNext = head; pre = &dummyNode; curr = head; while(NULL!=curr && curr->mData<=val){ pre = curr; curr = curr->mNext; } newNode->mNext = curr; pre->mNext = newNode; return dummyNode.mNext; } ListNode* Merge(ListNode *head1,ListNode *head2){ ListNode dummyNode; ListNode *dummy = &dummyNode; while(NULL!=head1 && NULL!=head2){ if(head1->mData <= head2->mData){ dummy->mNext = head1; head1 = head1->mNext; }else{ dummy->mNext = head2; head2 = head2->mNext; } dummy = dummy->mNext; } if(NULL!=head1) dummy->mNext = head1; if(NULL!=head2) dummy->mNext = head2; return dummyNode.mNext; } void BucketSort(int n,int arr[]){ vector<ListNode*> buckets(BUCKET_NUM,(ListNode*)(0)); for(int i=0;i<n;++i){ int index = arr[i]/BUCKET_NUM; ListNode *head = buckets.at(index); buckets.at(index) = insert(head,arr[i]); } ListNode *head = buckets.at(0); for(int i=1;i<BUCKET_NUM;++i){ head = Merge(head,buckets.at(i)); } for(int i=0;i<n;++i){ arr[i] = head->mData; head = head->mNext; } }