84334595 2016-08-23
转:http://www.cnblogs.com/syxchina/p/4150879.html
官方:https://github.com/mockito/mockito
入门:
Mockito:一个强大的用于 Java 开发的模拟测试框架 http://www.oschina.net/translate/mockito-a-great-mock-framework-for-java-development
上demo代码:
1 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 2 @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" }) 3 public class SpringMockitoTest { 4 5 @Mock 6 private ApiService mockApiService; 7 8 @Before 9 public void initMocks() { 10 MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); 11 when(mockApiService.test()).thenReturn("ok"); 12 } 13 14 @Test 15 public void should_success_when_testApiService() { 16 String result = mockApiService.test(); 17 Assert.assertEquals("ok", result); 18 } 19 } 20 21 @Component 22 public class ApiService { 23 24 @Autowired 25 private TestApiService testApiService; 26 27 public String test() { 28 String connect = testApiService.connect(); 29 connect += "test";//test自己的业务 30 return connect; 31 } 32 } 33 34 @Component 35 public class TestApiService { 36 public String connect() { 37 return "error"; 38 } 39 40 public String findFromDb() { 41 return "db_data"; 42 } 43 }
正常使用spring和mockito中,我们把需要的mock的ApiService给mock掉,但是我们更想的是把TestApiService中的connect方法mock掉,这样就可以测试我们自己的代码,也就是ApiService中test方法自己的业务。
上面的demo中,我们如何mock掉TestApiService中的test方法?
因为TestApiService是spring容器管理的bean,并且ApiService中使用到TestApiService,所以我们把ApiService中引用的TestApiService替换成我们的mock对象即可。
Spring框架有个反射工具ReflectionTestUtils,可以把一个对象中属性设置为新值,我们可以使用:
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(apiService, "testApiService", spyTestApiService);
把我们mock的testApiService放到apiService中,这样apiService调用就是我们mock的对象了;但是默认spring中apiService对象是代理对象,不能直接把值设置到属性上,所以我们自己写个小的工具类,在最后如下:
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(apiService), "testApiService", spyTestApiService);
完整demo:
1 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 2 @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" }) 3 public class SpringMockitoTest { 4 5 @Autowired 6 private ApiService apiService; 7 @Mock 8 private TestApiService spyTestApiService; 9 @Autowired 10 private TestApiService testApiService; 11 12 @Before 13 public void initMocks() throws Exception { 14 MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); 15 ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(apiService), "testApiService", spyTestApiService); 16 when(spyTestApiService.connect()).thenReturn("ok"); 17 } 18 19 @After 20 public void clearMocks() throws Exception { 21 ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(apiService), "testApiService", testApiService); 22 } 23 24 @Test 25 public void should_success_when_testApiService() { 26 String result = apiService.test(); 27 Assert.assertEquals("oktest", result); 28 } 29 } 30 31 @Component 32 public class ApiService { 33 34 @Autowired 35 private TestApiService testApiService; 36 37 public String test() { 38 String connect = testApiService.connect(); 39 connect += "test";//test自己的业务 40 return connect; 41 } 42 } 43 44 @Component 45 public class TestApiService { 46 public String connect() { 47 return "error"; 48 } 49 50 public String findFromDb() { 51 return "db_data"; 52 } 53 } 54 55 public class AopTargetUtils { 56 /** 57 * 获取 目标对象 58 * @param proxy 代理对象 59 * @return 60 * @throws Exception 61 */ 62 public static Object getTarget(Object proxy) throws Exception { 63 if(!AopUtils.isAopProxy(proxy)) { 64 return proxy;//不是代理对象 65 } 66 if(AopUtils.isJdkDynamicProxy(proxy)) { 67 return getJdkDynamicProxyTargetObject(proxy); 68 } else { //cglib 69 return getCglibProxyTargetObject(proxy); 70 } 71 } 72 73 private static Object getCglibProxyTargetObject(Object proxy) throws Exception { 74 Field h = proxy.getClass().getDeclaredField("CGLIB$CALLBACK_0"); 75 h.setAccessible(true); 76 Object dynamicAdvisedInterceptor = h.get(proxy); 77 Field advised = dynamicAdvisedInterceptor.getClass().getDeclaredField("advised"); 78 advised.setAccessible(true); 79 Object target = ((AdvisedSupport)advised.get(dynamicAdvisedInterceptor)).getTargetSource().getTarget(); 80 return target; 81 } 82 83 84 private static Object getJdkDynamicProxyTargetObject(Object proxy) throws Exception { 85 Field h = proxy.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("h"); 86 h.setAccessible(true); 87 AopProxy aopProxy = (AopProxy) h.get(proxy); 88 Field advised = aopProxy.getClass().getDeclaredField("advised"); 89 advised.setAccessible(true); 90 Object target = ((AdvisedSupport)advised.get(aopProxy)).getTargetSource().getTarget(); 91 return target; 92 } 93 }
最后就是注意测试之后要还原现场,把spring对象还原,尤其在跑maven test的时候,否则可能会影响其他人的测试。
注意:
Annotation的初始化
只有Annotation还不够,要让它们工作起来还需要进行初始化工作。初始化的方法为:MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(testClass)参数testClass是你所写的测试类。一般情况下在Junit4的@Before定义的方法中执行初始化工作,如下:
@Before public void initMocks() { MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); }