Linux 运维自动化之Cobbler的管理与使用详解

大纲
一、前言
二、Cobbler 命令详解
三、导入要安装的镜像文件
四、客户端安装操作系统
注，操作系统 CentOS 6.4 x86_64，软件版本 Cobbler-2.4.0-1。（目前最新版）

二、Cobbler 命令详解
1.查看一下Cobbler命令
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler 
usage 
===== 
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ... 
    [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help] 
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version> [options|--help]
注，大家可以在上面的显示中可以看到cobbler命令有很多的选项，想获得相关选项的帮助只需要加--help即可。
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler profile --help 
usage 
===== 
cobbler profile add 
cobbler profile copy 
cobbler profile dumpvars 
cobbler profile edit 
cobbler profile find 
cobbler profile getks 
cobbler profile list 
cobbler profile remove 
cobbler profile rename 
cobbler profile report
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler profile add --help 
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options: 
 -h, --help      show this help message and exit 
 --name=NAME      Name (Ex: F10-i386-webserver) 
 --uid=UID     
 --owners=OWNERS    Owners (Owners list for authz_ownership (space 
            delimited)) 
 --distro=DISTRO    Distribution (Parent distribution) 
 --parent=PARENT    Parent Profile 
 --enable-gpxe=ENABLE_GPXE 
            Enable gPXE? (Use gPXE instead of PXELINUX for 
            advanced booting options) 
 --enable-menu=ENABLE_MENU 
            Enable PXE Menu? (Show this profile in the PXE menu?) 
 --kickstart=KICKSTART 
            Kickstart (Path to kickstart template) 
 --kopts=KERNEL_OPTIONS 
            Kernel Options (Ex: selinux=permissive) 
 --kopts-post=KERNEL_OPTIONS_POST 
            Kernel Options (Post Install) (Ex: clocksource=pit 
            noapic) 
 --ksmeta=KS_META  Kickstart Metadata (Ex: dog=fang agent=86) 
 --proxy=PROXY    Proxy (Proxy URL) 
 --repos=REPOS    Repos (Repos to auto-assign to this profile) 
 --comment=COMMENT  Comment (Free form text description) 
 --virt-auto-boot=VIRT_AUTO_BOOT 
            Virt Auto Boot (Auto boot this VM?) 
 --virt-cpus=VIRT_CPUS 
            Virt CPUs (integer) 
 --virt-file-size=VIRT_FILE_SIZE 
            Virt File Size(GB) 
 --virt-disk-driver=VIRT_DISK_DRIVER 
            Virt Disk Driver Type (The on-disk format for the 
            virtualization disk) 
 --virt-ram=VIRT_RAM  Virt RAM (MB) 
 --depth=DEPTH   
 --virt-type=VIRT_TYPE 
            Virt Type (Virtualization technology to use) (valid 
            options: xenpv,xenfv,qemu,kvm,vmware,openvz) 
 --virt-path=VIRT_PATH 
            Virt Path (Ex: /directory OR VolGroup00) 
 --virt-bridge=VIRT_BRIDGE 
            Virt Bridge 
 --dhcp-tag=DHCP_TAG  DHCP Tag (See manpage or leave blank) 
 --server=SERVER    Server Override (See manpage or leave blank) 
 --ctime=CTIME   
 --mtime=MTIME   
 --name-servers=NAME_SERVERS 
            Name Servers (space delimited) 
 --name-servers-search=NAME_SERVERS_SEARCH 
            Name Servers Search Path (space delimited) 
 --mgmt-classes=MGMT_CLASSES 
            Management Classes (For external configuration 
            management) 
 --mgmt-parameters=MGMT_PARAMETERS 
            Management Parameters (Parameters which will be handed 
            to your management application (Must be valid YAML 
            dictionary)) 
 --boot-files=BOOT_FILES 
            TFTP Boot Files (Files copied into tftpboot beyond the 
            kernel/initrd) 
 --fetchable-files=FETCHABLE_FILES 
            Fetchable Files (Templates for tftp or wget) 
 --template-files=TEMPLATE_FILES 
            Template Files (File mappings for built-in config 
            management) 
 --RedHat-management-key=REDHAT_MANAGEMENT_KEY 
            Red Hat Management Key (Registration key for RHN, 
            Spacewalk, or Satellite) 
 --redhat-management-server=REDHAT_MANAGEMENT_SERVER 
            Red Hat Management Server (Address of Spacewalk or 
            Satellite Server) 
 --template-remote-kickstarts=TEMPLATE_REMOTE_KICKSTARTS 
 --clobber      allow add to overwrite existing objects 
 --in-place      edit items in kopts or ksmeta without clearing the 
            other items

2.Cobbler 常用命令详解
cobbler check #检查cobbler配置

cobbler sync #同步配置到dhcp/pxe和数据目录

cobbler list #列出所有的cobbler元素

cobbler import #导入安装的系统镜像

cobbler report #列出各元素的详细信息

cobbler distro #查看导入的发行版系统信息

cobbler profile #查看配置信息

cobbler system #查看添加的系统信息

cobbler reposync #同步yum仓库到本地

(1).cobbler check
12 [root@node2 ~]# cobbler check 
No configuration problems found. All systems go.

注，主要用于检查cobbler配置是否有错。
(2).cobbler sync
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler sync 
task started: 2013-11-11_133827_sync   
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Nov 11 13:38:27 2013)   
running pre-sync triggers   
cleaning trees   
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi   
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images 
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault 
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi   
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list 
copying bootloaders   
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi   
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi   
copying distros to tftpboot   
copying images   
generating PXE configuration files   
generating PXE menu structure   
rendering DHCP files   
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf   
rendering TFTPD files   
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
cleaning link caches   
running post-sync triggers   
running Python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*   
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services   
running: dhcpd -t -q   
received on stdout:   
received on stderr:   
running: service dhcpd restart   
received on stdout: 关闭 dhcpd：[确定]   
正在启动 dhcpd：[确定]
received on stderr: 
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*   
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*   
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track   
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*   
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

注，同步cobbler配置到数据目录中，更改某些配置后得执行一下，同步一下配置。
(3).cobbler list
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler list 
distros: #导入的发行版本
profiles: #安装的配置信息
systems: #增加的系统信息
repos: #yum仓库
images: #存储所有导入发行版的Kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:

注，用cobbler list 命令可以列出cobbler所有元素。
(4).cobbler import
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler import --help 
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options: 
 -h, --help      show this help message and exit 
 --arch=ARCH      OS architecture being imported   
 --breed=BREED    the breed being imported   
 --os-version=OS_VERSION   
            the version being imported   
 --path=PATH      local path or rsync location   
 --name=NAME      name, ex 'RHEL-5' 
 --available-as=AVAILABLE_AS   
            tree is here, don't mirror   
 --kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE   
            assign this kickstart file 
 --rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS   
            pass additional flags to rsync

注，cobbler import 命令可以导入我们要安装的镜像文件（ISO文件）。
(5).cobbler report 
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler report 
distros:   
==========
profiles: 
==========
systems: 
==========
repos: 
==========
images: 
==========
mgmtclasses: 
==========
packages: 
==========
files: 
==========

注，由于我们还没有导入任何的系统镜像文件，所以这里显示为空。一会我们导入完系统镜像后，就可以看到详细信息。
(6).cobbler distro
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler distro 
usage   
=====   
cobbler distro add   
cobbler distro copy   
cobbler distro edit   
cobbler distro find 
cobbler distro list   
cobbler distro remove   
cobbler distro rename   
cobbler distro report

注，cobbler distro 命令不但可以查看导入的发行版系统信息还可以增加与修改等。
(7).cobbler profile
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler profile 
usage   
=====   
cobbler profile add   
cobbler profile copy   
cobbler profile dumpvars   
cobbler profile edit   
cobbler profile find 
cobbler profile getks   
cobbler profile list   
cobbler profile remove   
cobbler profile rename   
cobbler profile report

注，cobbler profile命令不但可以查看Kickstart文件而且还可以编辑与删除此文件。
(8).cobbler system
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler system 
usage   
=====   
cobbler system add   
cobbler system copy   
cobbler system dumpvars   
cobbler system edit   
cobbler system find 
cobbler system getks   
cobbler system list   
cobbler system poweroff   
cobbler system poweron   
cobbler system powerstatus   
cobbler system reboot   
cobbler system remove   
cobbler system rename   
cobbler system report

注，cobbler system 命令可以将cobbler的配置安装文件与客户端相关联。下面是具体的案例，
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler system add --name=desktop-xfce-1 \
                  --profile=Fedora17-xfce \
                  --mac=52:54:00:b8:5e:8f \
                  --ip-address=192.168.122.10
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler system add --name=desktop-gnome-1 \
                  --profile=Fedora17-gnome \
                  --mac=52:54:00:88:f3:44 \
                  --ip-address=192.168.122.11
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler system report

(9).cobbler reposync
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler reposync
task started: 2013-11-11_144127_reposync
task started (id=Reposync, time=Mon Nov 11 14:41:27 2013)
hello, reposync
run, reposync, run!
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

注，cobbler reposync命令可以同步远程的yum源到本地。

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