HerryDong 2013-01-09
内存数据库(Embeddeddatabase或in-momerydatabase)具有配置简单、启动速度快、尤其是其可测试性等优点,使其成为开发过程中非常有用的轻量级数据库。在spring中支持HSQL、H2和Derby三种数据库。
下面看一下具体使用方法:
1.需要在applicationContext.xml中添加如下:
<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource"> <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql"/> <jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql"/> </jdbc:embedded-database>
向applicationContext.xml添加这段配置时,注意不要忘了添加上jdbc的命名空间,类路径下schema.sql中创建了项目使用的数据库表和一些约束条件等,test-data.sql中想数据库表插入了一些数据。有了该内存数据库,就不再需要那些driverClassName和url等配置了。另外还要注意,该内存数据库默认是HSQL数据库,如果要使用其他的两个数据库,修改embedded-database标签的type属性值即可。
2.下面来看一个示例,该示例使用的derby数据库。
spring配置文件:applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd"> <!-- derby创建用户名和密码参考:http://www.joyzhong.com/archives/643 --> <!-- 使用内存数据库时,该段配置不再需要 <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName"> <value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value> </property> <property name="url"> <value>jdbc:derby:f:/zwh/db/secdb</value> </property> <property name="username"> <value>root</value> </property> <property name="password"> <value>root</value> </property> </bean> --> <!-- 使用内存数据库 --> <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="DERBY"> <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql"/> <jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql"/> </jdbc:embedded-database> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource"/> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> <property name="annotatedClasses"> <list> <value>zwh.spring.security.po.User</value> <value>zwh.spring.security.po.Role</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 使用annotation的方式配置Spring Bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="zwh.spring.security"></context:component-scan> </beans>
创建数据库表脚本:schema.sql
create table sec_user( username varchar(100) primary key, password varchar(255) ); create table sec_role( rolename varchar(100) primary key, prompt varchar(255) ); create table sec_role_user( username varchar(100) not null, rolename varchar(100) not null, constraint ru_id primary key(username,rolename) ); alter table sec_role_user add constraint fk_user foreign key(username) references sec_user(username); alter table sec_role_user add constraint fk_role foreign key(rolename) references sec_role(rolename);
向数据库表中插入数据:test-data.sql
insert into sec_user values('admin','admin'); insert into sec_user values('test','test'); insert into sec_role values('ROLE_USER','common user privilege'); insert into sec_role values('ROLE_ADMIN','administrator privilege'); insert into sec_role_user values('test','ROLE_USER'); insert into sec_role_user values('admin','ROLE_USER'); insert into sec_role_user values('admin','ROLE_ADMIN');
官方文档:http://static.springsource.org/spring-framework/docs/3.0.0.M4/reference/html/ch12s08.html