spring中使用内存数据库(Embedded database)

HerryDong 2013-01-09

内存数据库(Embeddeddatabase或in-momerydatabase)具有配置简单、启动速度快、尤其是其可测试性等优点,使其成为开发过程中非常有用的轻量级数据库。在spring中支持HSQL、H2和Derby三种数据库。

下面看一下具体使用方法:

1.需要在applicationContext.xml中添加如下:

<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource">
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql"/>
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql"/>
    </jdbc:embedded-database>

向applicationContext.xml添加这段配置时,注意不要忘了添加上jdbc的命名空间,类路径下schema.sql中创建了项目使用的数据库表和一些约束条件等,test-data.sql中想数据库表插入了一些数据。有了该内存数据库,就不再需要那些driverClassName和url等配置了。另外还要注意,该内存数据库默认是HSQL数据库,如果要使用其他的两个数据库,修改embedded-database标签的type属性值即可。

2.下面来看一个示例,该示例使用的derby数据库。

spring配置文件:applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
    <!-- derby创建用户名和密码参考:http://www.joyzhong.com/archives/643 -->
    <!-- 使用内存数据库时,该段配置不再需要
    <bean
        id="dataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName">
            <value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>
        </property>
        <property name="url">
            <value>jdbc:derby:f:/zwh/db/secdb</value>
        </property>
        <property name="username">
            <value>root</value>
        </property>
        <property name="password">
            <value>root</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
     -->
     <!-- 使用内存数据库 -->
    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="DERBY">
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql"/>
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql"/>
    </jdbc:embedded-database>
    
    <bean
        id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource">
            <ref bean="dataSource"/>
        </property>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="annotatedClasses">
            <list>
                <value>zwh.spring.security.po.User</value>
                <value>zwh.spring.security.po.Role</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 使用annotation的方式配置Spring Bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="zwh.spring.security"></context:component-scan>
    
</beans>

创建数据库表脚本:schema.sql

create table sec_user(  
 username varchar(100) primary key,  
 password varchar(255)
); 
create table sec_role(
 rolename varchar(100) primary key,
 prompt varchar(255)
);
create table sec_role_user(
 username varchar(100) not null,
 rolename varchar(100) not null,
 constraint ru_id primary key(username,rolename)
);
alter table sec_role_user add constraint fk_user foreign key(username) references sec_user(username);
alter table sec_role_user add constraint fk_role foreign key(rolename) references sec_role(rolename);

向数据库表中插入数据:test-data.sql

insert into sec_user values('admin','admin');  
insert into sec_user values('test','test');
insert into sec_role values('ROLE_USER','common user privilege');
insert into sec_role values('ROLE_ADMIN','administrator privilege');
insert into sec_role_user values('test','ROLE_USER');
insert into sec_role_user values('admin','ROLE_USER');
insert into sec_role_user values('admin','ROLE_ADMIN');

官方文档:http://static.springsource.org/spring-framework/docs/3.0.0.M4/reference/html/ch12s08.html

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