MPP 一、Greenplum 集群安装
BAT 批处理程序 2017-05-30
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Installating and Initializing a Greenplum Database System...
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1 安装说明
1.1 环境说明
虚拟机Oracle VirtualBox 4.3.10http://www.virtualbox.org操作系统CentOS 6.7 64bithttps://www.centos.orggreenplum5.0.0-alpha.5https://network.pivotal.io/products/pivotal-gpdb文件系统ext41.2 集群说明
Greenplum Master1gp-master192.168.56.10Greenplum Standby无无无Greenplum Segment3gp-sdw1、gp-sdw2、gp-sdw1192.168.56.12、192.168.56.14、192.168.56.162 准备工作
2.1 Linux用户
在所有节点上创建greenplum管理员用户。
groupadd -g 530 gpadmin useradd -g 530 -u 530 -m -d /home/gpadmin -s /bin/bash gpadmin chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin /home/gpadmin echo "gpadmin" | passwd --stdin gpadmin
2.2 主机名和hosts配置
相同的配置先在一个节点上配置，配置完成后在2.6小节中复制到其它节点上。
vi /etc/hosts 192.168.56.10 gp-master 192.168.56.12 gp-sdw1 192.168.56.14 gp-sdw2 192.168.56.16 gp-sdw3
分别对应每一台主机修改主机名；
vi /etc/sysconfig/network
2.3 防火墙
禁用防火墙；
vi /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled service iptables stop chkconfig iptables off
查看防火墙状态 service iptables status
2.4 系统资源配置
vi /etc/sysctl.conf kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 4000000000 kernel.sem = 250 512000 100 2048 kernel.sysrq = 1 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.msgmni = 2048 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096 net.ipv4.conf.defalut.arp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65535 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000 net.core.rmem_max = 2097152 net.core.wmem_max = 2097152 #vm.overcommit_memory = 2 ### 测试环境要取消这个，否则oracle启不来 ### 值为1
使资源文件生效；
sysctl -p
进程数配置；
vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf * soft nproc 131072 root soft nproc unlimited
2.5 暂时启用gpadmin sudo
因为后面的集群节点上安装greenplum时会涉及到创建目录和文件操作，在此临时启用sudo，安装成功后撤销。
visudo gpadmin ALL=(ALL) ALL gpadmin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
2.6 复制配置文件到所有节点上
scp /etc/hosts gp-sdw1:/etc scp /etc/sysctl.conf gp-sdw1:/etc scp /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf gp-sdw1:/etc/security/limits.d scp /etc/selinux/config gp-sdw1:/etc/selinux
重启操作系统。
3 安装Greenplum DB
3.1 在Master节点上安装Greenplum DB
首先在master节点上安装，设置安装路径为/opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5；
cd /tmp unzip greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5-rhel6-x86_64.zip /tmp/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5-rhel6-x86_64.bin ******************************************************************************** Do you accept the Pivotal Database license agreement? [yes|no] ******************************************************************************** yes ******************************************************************************** Provide the installation path for Greenplum Database or press ENTER to accept the default installation path: /usr/local/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 ******************************************************************************** /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 ******************************************************************************** Install Greenplum Database into /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5? [yes|no] ******************************************************************************** yes ******************************************************************************** /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 does not exist. Create /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 ? [yes|no] (Selecting no will exit the installer) ******************************************************************************** yes Extracting product to /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 ******************************************************************************** Installation complete. Greenplum Database is installed in /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 Pivotal Greenplum documentation is available for download at http://gpdb.docs.pivotal.io ********************************************************************************
安装过程中系统会默认创建一个指向greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5的软链接(greenplum-db)；
ls -ltr /opt/greenplum/ total 8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 gpadmin gpadmin 28 May 30 12:14 greenplum-db -> ./greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 drwxr-xr-x 11 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 30 12:19 greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5
修改目录权限和所有者为gpadmin；
chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin /opt/greenplum/ chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db
3.2 在Master节点上配置集群host
su - gpadmin mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf vi /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist gp-master gp-sdw1 gp-sdw2 gp-sdw3
创建一个 seg_hosts ，包含所有的Segment Host的主机名；
vi /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/seg_hosts gp-sdw1 gp-sdw2 gp-sdw3
3.3 配置SSH免密连接
su - gpadmin source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh # 不设置报错Error: unable to import module: No module named gppylib.commands /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpssh-exkeys -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist [STEP 1 of 5] create local ID and authorize on local host ... /home/gpadmin/.ssh/id_rsa file exists ... key generation skipped [STEP 2 of 5] keyscan all hosts and update known_hosts file [STEP 3 of 5] authorize current user on remote hosts ... send to gp-sdw1 ... send to gp-sdw2 ... send to gp-sdw3 [STEP 4 of 5] determine common authentication file content [STEP 5 of 5] copy authentication files to all remote hosts ... finished key exchange with gp-sdw1 ... finished key exchange with gp-sdw2 ... finished key exchange with gp-sdw3 [INFO] completed successfully
测试ssh gp-sdw1，不需要密码即可登录。
3.4 Segment节点上安装Greenplum DB
在Master节点上远程创建Segment节点所需的目录，并更改目录权限和所有者为gpadmin；
su - gpadmin source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpssh -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/seg_hosts -e -v "sudo mkdir -p /opt/greenplum && sudo chown gpadmin:gpadmin -R /opt/greenplum" [INFO] login gp-master [INFO] login gp-sdw1 [INFO] login gp-sdw2 [INFO] login gp-sdw3 [ gp-sdw1] sudo mkdir -p /opt/greenplum && sudo chown gpadmin:gpadmin -R /opt/greenplum [ gp-sdw2] sudo mkdir -p /opt/greenplum && sudo chown gpadmin:gpadmin -R /opt/greenplum [ gp-sdw3] sudo mkdir -p /opt/greenplum && sudo chown gpadmin:gpadmin -R /opt/greenplum [INFO] completed successfully [Cleanup...]
将Master节点上安装的Greenplum db文件复制到所有Segment节点上安装；
su - gpadmin source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpseginstall -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -u gpadmin -p gpadmin 20170530:12:26:50:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Installation Info: link_name greenplum-db binary_path /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 binary_dir_location /opt/greenplum binary_dir_name greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 20170530:12:26:50:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-check cluster password access 20170530:12:26:50:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-de-duplicate hostnames 20170530:12:26:50:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-master hostname: gp-master 20170530:12:26:51:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-rm -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5.tar; rm -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5.tar.gz 20170530:12:26:51:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-cd /opt/greenplum; tar cf greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5.tar greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 20170530:12:26:54:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-gzip /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5.tar 20170530:12:27:22:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-remote command: mkdir -p /opt/greenplum 20170530:12:27:23:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-remote command: rm -rf /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 20170530:12:27:24:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-scp software to remote location 20170530:12:27:40:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-remote command: gzip -f -d /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5.tar.gz 20170530:12:28:00:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-md5 check on remote location 20170530:12:28:05:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-remote command: cd /opt/greenplum; tar xf greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5.tar 20170530:12:28:38:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-remote command: rm -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5.tar 20170530:12:28:39:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-remote command: cd /opt/greenplum; rm -f greenplum-db; ln -fs greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5 greenplum-db 20170530:12:28:40:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-rm -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5.tar.gz 20170530:12:28:41:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-version string on master: gpssh version 5.0.0 alpha.5 build commit:2e87c5aa435c779b2f3837fa8c7273876497f6ba 20170530:12:28:41:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-remote command: . /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/./greenplum_path.sh; /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/./bin/gpssh --version 20170530:12:28:48:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-remote command: . /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5/greenplum_path.sh; /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db-5.0.0-alpha.5/bin/gpssh --version 20170530:12:28:49:004409 gpseginstall:gp-master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-SUCCESS -- Requested commands completed
检查每个节点安装和目录情况；
su - gpadmin source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpssh -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -e ls -l $GPHOME ```xml [gp-master] ls -l /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/. [gp-master] total 40 [gp-master] drwxr-xr-x 7 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:29 bin [gp-master] drwxrwxr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 30 12:21 conf [gp-master] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 docs [gp-master] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 etc [gp-master] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 ext [gp-master] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 745 May 30 12:14 greenplum_path.sh [gp-master] drwxr-xr-x 6 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 include [gp-master] drwxr-xr-x 7 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 lib [gp-master] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:27 sbin [gp-master] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:16 share [ gp-sdw2] ls -l /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/. [ gp-sdw2] total 40 [ gp-sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 7 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:29 bin [ gp-sdw2] drwxrwxr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 30 12:21 conf [ gp-sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 docs [ gp-sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 etc [ gp-sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 ext [ gp-sdw2] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 745 May 30 12:14 greenplum_path.sh [ gp-sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 6 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 include [ gp-sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 7 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 lib [ gp-sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:27 sbin [ gp-sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:16 share [ gp-sdw1] ls -l /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/. [ gp-sdw1] total 40 [ gp-sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 7 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:29 bin [ gp-sdw1] drwxrwxr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 30 12:21 conf [ gp-sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 docs [ gp-sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 etc [ gp-sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 ext [ gp-sdw1] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 745 May 30 12:14 greenplum_path.sh [ gp-sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 6 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 include [ gp-sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 7 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 lib [ gp-sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:27 sbin [ gp-sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:16 share [ gp-sdw3] ls -l /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/. [ gp-sdw3] total 40 [ gp-sdw3] drwxr-xr-x 7 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:29 bin [ gp-sdw3] drwxrwxr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 30 12:21 conf [ gp-sdw3] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 docs [ gp-sdw3] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 etc [ gp-sdw3] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 ext [ gp-sdw3] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 745 May 30 12:14 greenplum_path.sh [ gp-sdw3] drwxr-xr-x 6 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 include [ gp-sdw3] drwxr-xr-x 7 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:20 lib [ gp-sdw3] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:27 sbin [ gp-sdw3] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 May 20 02:16 share
创建数据存储区域目录；
su - gpadmin source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpssh -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -e 'mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data'
在master上创建master数据存储区域；
su - gpadmin source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpssh -h gp-master -e 'mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data/master'
在Segment节点上创建数据存储区域
su - gpadmin source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpssh -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/seg_hosts -e 'mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data/primary && mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data/mirror'
3.5 环境变量配置
gpssh -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -e -v "cat >> /home/gpadmin/.bash_profile <<EOF source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/opt/greenplum/data/master export GPPORT=5432 export PGDATABASE=gp_sydb EOF"
3.6 NTP 配置
启用master节点上的ntp，并在Segment节点上配置和启用NTP；
echo "server gp-master perfer" >>/etc/ntp.conf /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpssh -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -v -e 'sudo ntpd' /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/bin/gpssh -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -v -e 'sudo /etc/init.d/ntpd start && sudo chkconfig --level 35 ntpd on'
4 初始化Greenplum DB
4.1 初始化前检查
检查主机名配置；
su gpadmin source /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh gpssh -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -e hostname [ gp-sdw3] hostname [ gp-sdw3] gp-sdw3 [ gp-sdw1] hostname [ gp-sdw1] gp-sdw1 [gp-master] hostname [gp-master] gp-master [ gp-sdw2] hostname [ gp-sdw2] gp-sdw2
检查节点与节点之间文件读取；
gpcheckperf -h gp-sdw1 -h gp-sdw2 -d /tmp -r d -D -v gpcheckperf -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -d /tmp -r d -D -v $ gpcheckperf -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -r N -d /tmp /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/./bin/gpcheckperf -f /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/hostlist -r N -d /tmp ------------------- -- NETPERF TEST ------------------- ==================== == RESULT ==================== Netperf bisection bandwidth test gp-master -> gp-sdw1 = 72.220000 gp-sdw2 -> gp-sdw3 = 21.470000 gp-sdw1 -> gp-master = 43.510000 gp-sdw3 -> gp-sdw2 = 44.200000 Summary: sum = 181.40 MB/sec min = 21.47 MB/sec max = 72.22 MB/sec avg = 45.35 MB/sec median = 44.20 MB/sec [Warning] connection between gp-sdw2 and gp-sdw3 is no good [Warning] connection between gp-sdw1 and gp-master is no good [Warning] connection between gp-sdw3 and gp-sdw2 is no good
4.2 初始化
初始化 Greenplum 配置文件模板都在/opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/docs/cli_help/gpconfigs目录下,gpinitsystem_config是初始化 Greenplum 的模板，此模板中 Mirror Segment的配置都被注释；创建一个副本，对其修改；
cd /opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/docs/cli_help/gpconfigs cp gpinitsystem_config initgp_config vi initgp_config declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/opt/greenplum/data/primary /opt/greenplum/data/primary /opt/greenplum/data/primary) MASTER_HOSTNAME=gp-master MASTER_DIRECTORY=/opt/greenplum/data/master declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/opt/greenplum/data/mirror /opt/greenplum/data/mirror /opt/greenplum/data/mirror) DATABASE_NAME=gp_sydb MACHINE_LIST_FILE=/opt/greenplum/greenplum-db/conf/seg_hosts
执行初始化；
gpinitsystem -c initgp_config -S
若初始化失败，需要删除数据目录重新初始化；
5 后续操作
5.1 停止和启动集群
gpstop -a gpstart -a
5.2 登录数据库
$ psql -d postgres
postgres=# \l # 查询数据库
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Access privileges
-----------+---------+----------+---------------------
gp_sydb | gpadmin | UTF8 |
postgres | gpadmin | UTF8 |
template0 | gpadmin | UTF8 | =c/gpadmin
: gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin
template1 | gpadmin | UTF8 | =c/gpadmin
: gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin
(4 rows)
postgres=# \l # 查询数据库表 5.3 集群状态
gpstate -e #查看mirror的状态 gpstate -f #查看standby master的状态 gpstate -s #查看整个GP群集的状态 gpstate -i #查看GP的版本 gpstate --help #帮助文档，可以查看gpstate更多用法
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