DBCA静默方式创建数据库实例

dbca有两种静默的安装实例的方式：一种是使用responseFile，另一种是直接使用命令行的方式。本次测试是用responseFile的方式。

使用responseFile方式自然需要有responseFile文件了，这个文件可以到database解压包目录下的response目录中找到，还可以在$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/目录下找到。文件名叫dbca.rsp。

创建流程：

1、复制一个dbca.rsp文件进行修改，来做为创建实例时使用。

[oracle@rhel6 dbca]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db1/assistants/dbca

[oracle@rhel6 dbca]$ cp dbca.rsp /home/oracle

2、修改刚复制的dbca.rsp文件

这里解释部分文件中的参数

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0" #指定版本号

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" #指定使用dbca要做的操作，这里要创建实例就选择createDatabase，如果要删除实例则为deleteDatabase

#创建实例有只需要修改创建实例部分的参数就可以了，看到#-----------------------*** End of CREATEDATABASE section ***------------------------部分就算是配置完了

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "dbs" #数据库的Global database name

SID = "dbs" #数据库的实例名

SYSPASSWORD = "123456" #指定sys用户密码

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456" #指定system用户密码

DATAFILEDESTINATION =/home/oracle/11201/dbs #指定数据文件存放的目录

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" #指定字符集

NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "AL16UTF16" #指定国家字符集

DATABASETYPE = "OLTP" #指定实例的类型

AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "TRUE" #指定使用自动内存管理

TOTALMEMORY = "800" #指定使用内存的大小，单位是MB

上面的参数是创建单实例时用到的参数，dbca.rsp文件中还有很多其他的参数，如果有进一步的需求可以自行修改相应的需求

3、开始创建数据库实例

执行下面的命令几分钟就可以创建一个实例：

[oracle@rhel6 11201]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete

Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/dbs/dbs1.log" for further details.

4、检查实例是否正常

[oracle@rhel6 11201]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Mar 14 20:55:55 2017

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

sys@DBS>select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------------------------------

OPEN

sys@DBS>select name from v$datafile;

NAME

---------------------------------------------------

/home/oracle/11201/dbs/dbs/system01.dbf

/home/oracle/11201/dbs/dbs/sysaux01.dbf

/home/oracle/11201/dbs/dbs/undotbs01.dbf

/home/oracle/11201/dbs/dbs/users01.dbf

这里简单说一下为什么这么快的原因，从alert日志中可以看到如下图的日志

DBCA静默方式创建数据库实例

从上图可以看出数据文件是被从copy中恢复出来的，而不是新创建的，这也可以解释为什么创建实例时第一行的日志是“Copying database files”的原因了。

说到这里也要说一下创建实例的三种类型，如下图：

DBCA静默方式创建数据库实例

从图中可以看出创建实例的三种类型，其中“General Purpose or Transaction processiong”和“Data Warehose”分别对应的是OLTP系统和数据仓库，它们后面的“Includes Datafiles”为Yes说明使用这两种方式创建时是用数据文件的备份来恢复出来的。最后修改字符集就可以了。如下图alert日志

DBCA静默方式创建数据库实例

而“Custom Database”自定义模式则没有对应的数据文件来恢复，而是全新创建的数据文件，因此这种方式创建实例时耗费的时间也相对较长，因为需要跑数据字典。

上面简单介绍了使用responseFile方式创建实例的方法，另外一种方法是直接使用命令行，可以用dbca -h命令查看命令参数

[oracle@rhel6 trace]$ dbca -h
dbca [-silent | -progressOnly | -customCreate] {<command> <options> } | { [<command> [options] ] -responseFile <response file > } [-continueOnNonFatalErrors <true | false>]
Please refer to the manual for details.
You can enter one of the following command:

Create a database by specifying the following parameters:
-createDatabase
-templateName <name of an existing template>
[-cloneTemplate]
-gdbName <global database name>
[-policyManaged | -adminManaged <Policy managed or Admin managed Database, default is Admin managed database>]
[-createServerPool <To create ServerPool which will be used by the database to be created>]
[-force <To create serverpool by force when adequate free servers are not available. This may affect already running database>]
-serverPoolName <One serverPool Name in case of create server pool and comma separated list of serverPool name in case of use serverpool>
-[cardinality <Specify cardinality for new serverPool to be created, default is the number of qualified nodes>]
[-sid <database system identifier>]
[-sysPassword <SYS user password>]
[-systemPassword <SYSTEM user password>]
[-emConfiguration <CENTRAL|LOCAL|ALL|NOBACKUP|NOEMAIL|NONE>
-dbsnmpPassword <DBSNMP user password>
-sysmanPassword <SYSMAN user password>
[-hostUserName <Host user name for EM backup job>
-hostUserPassword <Host user password for EM backup job>
-backupSchedule <Daily backup schedule in the form of hh:mm>]
[-smtpServer <Outgoing mail (SMTP) server for email notifications>
-emailAddress <Email address for email notifications>]
[-centralAgent <Enterprise Manager central agent home>]]
[-disableSecurityConfiguration <ALL|AUDIT|PASSWORD_PROFILE|NONE>
[-datafileDestination <destination directory for all database files> | -datafileNames <a text file containing database objects such as controlfiles, tablespaces, redo log files and spfile to th
eir corresponding raw device file names mappings in name=value format.>] [-redoLogFileSize <size of each redo log file in megabytes>]
[-recoveryAreaDestination <destination directory for all recovery files>]
[-datafileJarLocation <location of the data file jar, used only for clone database creation>]
[-storageType < FS | ASM >
[-asmsnmpPassword <ASMSNMP password for ASM monitoring>]
-diskGroupName <database area disk group name>
-recoveryGroupName <recovery area disk group name>
[-characterSet <character set for the database>]
[-nationalCharacterSet <national character set for the database>]
[-registerWithDirService <true | false>
-dirServiceUserName <user name for directory service>
-dirServicePassword <password for directory service >
-walletPassword <password for database wallet >]
[-listeners <list of listeners to configure the database with>]
[-variablesFile <file name for the variable-value pair for variables in the template>]]
[-variables <comma seperated list of name=value pairs>]
[-initParams <comma seperated list of name=value pairs>]
[-memoryPercentage <percentage of physical memory for Oracle>]
[-automaticMemoryManagement ]
[-totalMemory <memory allocated for Oracle in MB>]
[-databaseType <MULTIPURPOSE|DATA_WAREHOUSING|OLTP>]]

官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/app_nonint.htm#LADBI1353

DBCA静默方式创建数据库实例

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