了不起的厂长 2019-06-28
Swoole
中为了更好的进行内存管理,减少频繁分配释放内存空间造成的损耗和内存碎片,程序设计并实现了三种不同功能的内存池:FixedPool
,RingBuffer
和 MemoryGlobal
。
其中 MemoryGlobal
用于全局变量 SwooleG.memory_pool
,RingBuffer
用于 reactor
线程的缓冲区,FixedPool
用于 swoole_table
共享内存表。
swMemoryPool
内存池数据结构无论是哪种内存池,它的基础数据结构都是 swMemoryPool
:
typedef struct _swMemoryPool { void *object; void* (*alloc)(struct _swMemoryPool *pool, uint32_t size); void (*free)(struct _swMemoryPool *pool, void *ptr); void (*destroy)(struct _swMemoryPool *pool); } swMemoryPool;
可以看出来, swMemoryPool
更加类似于接口,规定了内存池需要定义的函数。
MemoryGlobal
内存池实现MemoryGlobal
数据结构首先看一下 MemoryGlobal
的数据结构:
typedef struct _swMemoryGlobal_page { struct _swMemoryGlobal_page *next; char memory[0]; } swMemoryGlobal_page; typedef struct _swMemoryGlobal { uint8_t shared; uint32_t pagesize; swLock lock; swMemoryGlobal_page *root_page; swMemoryGlobal_page *current_page; uint32_t current_offset; } swMemoryGlobal;
可以很明显的看出,MemoryGlobal
实际上就是一个单链表,root_page
是链表的头,current_page
就是链表的尾,current_offset
指的是最后一个链表元素的偏移量。
比较特殊的是 MemoryGlobal
单链表内存池的内存只能增加不会减少。
MemoryGlobal
的创建#define SW_MIN_PAGE_SIZE 4096 swMemoryPool* swMemoryGlobal_new(uint32_t pagesize, uint8_t shared) { swMemoryGlobal gm, *gm_ptr; assert(pagesize >= SW_MIN_PAGE_SIZE); bzero(&gm, sizeof(swMemoryGlobal)); gm.shared = shared; gm.pagesize = pagesize; swMemoryGlobal_page *page = swMemoryGlobal_new_page(&gm); if (page == NULL) { return NULL; } if (swMutex_create(&gm.lock, shared) < 0) { return NULL; } gm.root_page = page; gm_ptr = (swMemoryGlobal *) page->memory; gm.current_offset += sizeof(swMemoryGlobal); swMemoryPool *allocator = (swMemoryPool *) (page->memory + gm.current_offset); gm.current_offset += sizeof(swMemoryPool); allocator->object = gm_ptr; allocator->alloc = swMemoryGlobal_alloc; allocator->destroy = swMemoryGlobal_destroy; allocator->free = swMemoryGlobal_free; memcpy(gm_ptr, &gm, sizeof(gm)); return allocator; }
MemoryGlobal
内存不得小于 2k
MemoryGlobal
的 current_offset
被初始化为 swMemoryGlobal
与 swMemoryPool
的大小之和返回的 allocator
类型是 swMemoryPool
,其内存结构为:
static swMemoryGlobal_page* swMemoryGlobal_new_page(swMemoryGlobal *gm) { swMemoryGlobal_page *page = (gm->shared == 1) ? sw_shm_malloc(gm->pagesize) : sw_malloc(gm->pagesize); if (page == NULL) { return NULL; } bzero(page, gm->pagesize); page->next = NULL; if (gm->current_page != NULL) { gm->current_page->next = page; } gm->current_page = page; gm->current_offset = 0; return page; }
链表元素的创建比较简单,就是申请内存,初始化单链表的各个变量。
MemoryGlobal
内存的申请static void *swMemoryGlobal_alloc(swMemoryPool *pool, uint32_t size) { swMemoryGlobal *gm = pool->object; gm->lock.lock(&gm->lock); if (size > gm->pagesize - sizeof(swMemoryGlobal_page)) { swWarn("failed to alloc %d bytes, exceed the maximum size[%d].", size, gm->pagesize - (int) sizeof(swMemoryGlobal_page)); gm->lock.unlock(&gm->lock); return NULL; } if (gm->current_offset + size > gm->pagesize - sizeof(swMemoryGlobal_page)) { swMemoryGlobal_page *page = swMemoryGlobal_new_page(gm); if (page == NULL) { swWarn("swMemoryGlobal_alloc alloc memory error."); gm->lock.unlock(&gm->lock); return NULL; } gm->current_page = page; } void *mem = gm->current_page->memory + gm->current_offset; gm->current_offset += size; gm->lock.unlock(&gm->lock); return mem; }
pagesize
,直接返回错误。current_offset
,解锁互斥锁,返回内存地址。MemoryGlobal
内存的释放与销毁static void swMemoryGlobal_free(swMemoryPool *pool, void *ptr) { swWarn("swMemoryGlobal Allocator don't need to release."); } static void swMemoryGlobal_destroy(swMemoryPool *poll) { swMemoryGlobal *gm = poll->object; swMemoryGlobal_page *page = gm->root_page; swMemoryGlobal_page *next; do { next = page->next; sw_shm_free(page); page = next; } while (page); }
MemoryGlobal
不需要进行内存的释放MemoryGlobal
的销毁就是循环单链表,然后释放内存RingBuffer
内存池实现RingBuffer
的数据结构RingBuffer
类似于一个循环数组,每一次申请的一块内存在该数组中占据一个位置,这些内存块是可以不等长的,因此每个内存块需要有一个记录其长度的变量。
typedef struct { uint16_t lock; uint16_t index; uint32_t length; char data[0]; } swRingBuffer_item; typedef struct { uint8_t shared; uint8_t status; uint32_t size; uint32_t alloc_offset; uint32_t collect_offset; uint32_t alloc_count; sw_atomic_t free_count; void *memory; } swRingBuffer;
swRingBuffer
中非常重要的成员变量是 alloc_offset
与 collect_offset
,alloc_offset
是当前循环数组中的起始地址,collect_offset
代表当前循环数组中可以被回收的内存地址。free_count
是当前循环数组中可以被回收的个数。status
为 0 代表循环数组当前占用的内存空间并没有越过数组的结尾,也就是其地址是连续的,为 1 代表循环数组当前占用的内存空间一部分在循环数组的尾部,一部分在数组的头部。RingBuffer
的创建RingBuffer
的创建类似于 MemoryGlobal
:
swMemoryPool *swRingBuffer_new(uint32_t size, uint8_t shared) { void *mem = (shared == 1) ? sw_shm_malloc(size) : sw_malloc(size); if (mem == NULL) { swWarn("malloc(%d) failed.", size); return NULL; } swRingBuffer *object = mem; mem += sizeof(swRingBuffer); bzero(object, sizeof(swRingBuffer)); object->size = (size - sizeof(swRingBuffer) - sizeof(swMemoryPool)); object->shared = shared; swMemoryPool *pool = mem; mem += sizeof(swMemoryPool); pool->object = object; pool->destroy = swRingBuffer_destory; pool->free = swRingBuffer_free; pool->alloc = swRingBuffer_alloc; object->memory = mem; swDebug("memory: ptr=%p", mem); return pool; }
RingBuffer
内存的申请free_count
大于 0,说明此时数组中有待回收的内存,需要进行内存回收collect_offset - alloc_offset
若当前占用的内存是连续的,
collect_offset
距离尾部的内存大于申请的内存数,那么剩余的容量就是 size - alloc_offset
swRingBuffer_item
数组元素,并标志为待回收元素,设置 status
为 1,设置 alloc_offset
为数组首地址,此时剩余的容量就是 collect_offset
的地址static void* swRingBuffer_alloc(swMemoryPool *pool, uint32_t size) { assert(size > 0); swRingBuffer *object = pool->object; swRingBuffer_item *item; uint32_t capacity; uint32_t alloc_size = size + sizeof(swRingBuffer_item); if (object->free_count > 0) { swRingBuffer_collect(object); } if (object->status == 0) { if (object->alloc_offset + alloc_size >= (object->size - sizeof(swRingBuffer_item))) { uint32_t skip_n = object->size - object->alloc_offset; if (skip_n >= sizeof(swRingBuffer_item)) { item = object->memory + object->alloc_offset; item->lock = 0; item->length = skip_n - sizeof(swRingBuffer_item); sw_atomic_t *free_count = &object->free_count; sw_atomic_fetch_add(free_count, 1); } object->alloc_offset = 0; object->status = 1; capacity = object->collect_offset - object->alloc_offset; } else { capacity = object->size - object->alloc_offset; } } else { capacity = object->collect_offset - object->alloc_offset; } if (capacity < alloc_size) { return NULL; } item = object->memory + object->alloc_offset; item->lock = 1; item->length = size; item->index = object->alloc_count; object->alloc_offset += alloc_size; object->alloc_count ++; swDebug("alloc: ptr=%p", (void * )((void * )item->data - object->memory)); return item->data; }
RingBuffer
内存的回收RingBuffer
的 free_count
大于 0 的时候,就说明当前内存池存在需要回收的元素,每次在申请新的内存时,都会调用这个函数来回收内存。static void swRingBuffer_collect(swRingBuffer *object) { swRingBuffer_item *item; sw_atomic_t *free_count = &object->free_count; int count = object->free_count; int i; uint32_t n_size; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { item = object->memory + object->collect_offset; if (item->lock == 0) { n_size = item->length + sizeof(swRingBuffer_item); object->collect_offset += n_size; if (object->collect_offset + sizeof(swRingBuffer_item) >object->size || object->collect_offset >= object->size) { object->collect_offset = 0; object->status = 0; } sw_atomic_fetch_sub(free_count, 1); } else { break; } } }
RingBuffer
内存的释放内存的释放很简单,只需要设置 lock
为 0,并且增加 free_count
的数量即可:
static void swRingBuffer_free(swMemoryPool *pool, void *ptr) { swRingBuffer *object = pool->object; swRingBuffer_item *item = ptr - sizeof(swRingBuffer_item); assert(ptr >= object->memory); assert(ptr <= object->memory + object->size); assert(item->lock == 1); if (item->lock != 1) { swDebug("invalid free: index=%d, ptr=%p", item->index, (void * )((void * )item->data - object->memory)); } else { item->lock = 0; } swDebug("free: ptr=%p", (void * )((void * )item->data - object->memory)); sw_atomic_t *free_count = &object->free_count; sw_atomic_fetch_add(free_count, 1); }
RingBuffer
内存的销毁static void swRingBuffer_destory(swMemoryPool *pool) { swRingBuffer *object = pool->object; if (object->shared) { sw_shm_free(object); } else { sw_free(object); } }
RingBuffer
除了原子锁之外就没有任何锁了,在申请与释放过程的代码中也没有看出来是线程安全的无锁数据结构,个人认为 RingBuffer
并非是线程安全/进程安全的数据结构,因此利用这个内存池申请共享内存时,需要自己进行加锁。FixedPool
内存池实现FixedPool
数据结构FixedPool
是随机分配内存池,将一整块内存空间切分成等大小的一个个小块,每次分配其中的一个小块作为要使用的内存,这些小块以双向链表的形式存储。
typedef struct _swFixedPool_slice { uint8_t lock; struct _swFixedPool_slice *next; struct _swFixedPool_slice *pre; char data[0]; } swFixedPool_slice; typedef struct _swFixedPool { void *memory; size_t size; swFixedPool_slice *head; swFixedPool_slice *tail; /** * total memory size */ uint32_t slice_num; /** * memory usage */ uint32_t slice_use; /** * Fixed slice size, not include the memory used by swFixedPool_slice */ uint32_t slice_size; /** * use shared memory */ uint8_t shared; } swFixedPool;
FixedPool
内存池的创建FixedPool
内存池的创建有两个函数 swFixedPool_new
与 swFixedPool_new2
,其中 swFixedPool_new2
是利用已有的内存基础上来构建内存池,这个也是 table
共享内存表创建的方法。
swMemoryPool* swFixedPool_new2(uint32_t slice_size, void *memory, size_t size) { swFixedPool *object = memory; memory += sizeof(swFixedPool); bzero(object, sizeof(swFixedPool)); object->slice_size = slice_size; object->size = size - sizeof(swMemoryPool) - sizeof(swFixedPool); object->slice_num = object->size / (slice_size + sizeof(swFixedPool_slice)); swMemoryPool *pool = memory; memory += sizeof(swMemoryPool); bzero(pool, sizeof(swMemoryPool)); pool->object = object; pool->alloc = swFixedPool_alloc; pool->free = swFixedPool_free; pool->destroy = swFixedPool_destroy; object->memory = memory; /** * init linked list */ swFixedPool_init(object); return pool; }
内存池的创建和前两个大同小异,只是这次多了 swFixedPool_init
这个构建双向链表的过程:
static void swFixedPool_init(swFixedPool *object) { swFixedPool_slice *slice; void *cur = object->memory; void *max = object->memory + object->size; do { slice = (swFixedPool_slice *) cur; bzero(slice, sizeof(swFixedPool_slice)); if (object->head != NULL) { object->head->pre = slice; slice->next = object->head; } else { object->tail = slice; } object->head = slice; cur += (sizeof(swFixedPool_slice) + object->slice_size); if (cur < max) { slice->pre = (swFixedPool_slice *) cur; } else { slice->pre = NULL; break; } } while (1); }
可以看出来,程序从内存空间的首部开始,每次初始化一个 slice
大小的空间,并插入到链表的头部,因此整个链表的内存地址和 memory
的地址是相反的。
FixedPool
内存池的申请static void* swFixedPool_alloc(swMemoryPool *pool, uint32_t size) { swFixedPool *object = pool->object; swFixedPool_slice *slice; slice = object->head; if (slice->lock == 0) { slice->lock = 1; object->slice_use ++; /** * move next slice to head (idle list) */ object->head = slice->next; slice->next->pre = NULL; /* * move this slice to tail (busy list) */ object->tail->next = slice; slice->next = NULL; slice->pre = object->tail; object->tail = slice; return slice->data; } else { return NULL; } }
FixedPool
内存池的释放static void swFixedPool_free(swMemoryPool *pool, void *ptr) { swFixedPool *object = pool->object; swFixedPool_slice *slice; assert(ptr > object->memory && ptr < object->memory + object->size); slice = ptr - sizeof(swFixedPool_slice); if (slice->lock) { object->slice_use--; } slice->lock = 0; //list head, AB if (slice->pre == NULL) { return; } //list tail, DE if (slice->next == NULL) { slice->pre->next = NULL; object->tail = slice->pre; } //middle BCD else { slice->pre->next = slice->next; slice->next->pre = slice->pre; } slice->pre = NULL; slice->next = object->head; object->head->pre = slice; object->head = slice; }
ptr
指针获得 slice
对象,并将占用标记 lock
置为 0。如果该节点为头节点,则直接返回。如果不是头节点,则将该节点移动到链表头部。FixedPool
内存池的销毁static void swFixedPool_destroy(swMemoryPool *pool) { swFixedPool *object = pool->object; if (object->shared) { sw_shm_free(object); } else { sw_free(object); } }