Ubuntu下架设流媒体服务器的基本流程
liuyuchen 2010-05-24
目前主流的流媒体服务器有微软的windows media server、RealNetworks的Helixserver和苹果公司的Darwin Streaming Server. 微软的windows media server只能在windows2000 server和windows 2003 server下使用，不在考虑之列。RealNetworks的Helixserver是一款跨平台的软件，功能也很强大，但并非免费软件，只能cut掉了。苹果公司的Darwin StreamingServer是一款跨平台的开源流媒体服务器软件，由苹果公司出品，其品质不用怀疑了，而且还免费。所以在架设流媒体服务器时就选择了DarwinStreaming Server.
Darwin Streaming Server使用标准的实时传输协议/实时流媒体协议(RTP/RTSP)，通过互联网实时传送媒体。Darwin Streaming Server 也能提供对传送 H.264、MPEG-4 和3GPP 文件的固有支持——因此，你可以在 Mac 和 Linux、Windows上的任何与标准兼容的媒体播放器上执行你的内容，当然还包括手机和接收盒等各种兼容标准的设备。不仅如此，它还允许你使用 Icecast兼容协议，通过 HTTP 传送标准的 MP3 文件到 MP3 客户端。
一、软件安装
首先上http://dss.macosforge.org/下载源代码，当前最新版本为6.0.3，但我选择了5.5.5版本，因为这个版本提供了针对linux的安装脚本。下载DarwinStreamingSrvr5.5.5-Linux.tar.gz文件后，解压缩，然后运行如下命令安装：
~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ chmod +x Install ~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ sudo ./Install [sudo] password for keensword007: Installing Darwin Streaming Server Checking for and Killing currently running Darwin Streaming Server Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html Removing previous versions of Darwin Streaming Server Backing up previous config files Inserting path to perl into scripts.. Creating unprivileged user to run the server = "qtss". copying DarwinStreamingServer to /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer copying PlaylistBroadcaster to /usr/local/bin/PlaylistBroadcaster copying MP3Broadcaster to /usr/local/bin/MP3Broadcaster copying qtpasswd to /usr/local/bin/qtpasswd creating /usr/local/sbin/StreamingServerModules directory copying createuserstreamingdir to /usr/local/bin/createuserstreamingdir creating /etc/streaming directory Generating a new prefs file at /etc/streaming/streamingserver.xml INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSRefMovieModule [dynamic] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSHomeDirectoryModule [dynamic] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSFileModule [static] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSReflectorModule [static] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSRelayModule [static] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAccessLogModule [static] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSFlowControlModule [static] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSPosixFileSysModule [static] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAdminModule [static] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSMP3StreamingModule [static] INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAccessModule [static] WARNING: No users file found at /etc/streaming/qtusers. WARNING: No groups file found at /etc/streaming/qtgroups. chown: invalid user: `qtss' copying relayconfig.xml-Sample to /etc/streaming/relayconfig.xml-Sample copying qtusers to /etc/streaming/qtusers chown: invalid user: `qtss' copying qtgroups to /etc/streaming/qtgroups chown: invalid user: `qtss' copying readme.txt to /var/streaming/readme.txt copying 3rdPartyAcknowledgements.rtf to /var/streaming/3rdPartyAcknowledgements.rtf creating /usr/local/movies directory creating /var/streaming/playlists directory copying sample_100kbit.mov into /usr/local/movies/sample_100kbit.mov copying sample_300kbit.mov into /usr/local/movies/sample_300kbit.mov copying sample_100kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_100kbit.mp4 copying sample_300kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_300kbit.mp4 copying sample.mp3 into /usr/local/movies/sample.mp3 copying sample_50kbit.3gp into /usr/local/movies/sample_50kbit.3gp copying sample_h264_100kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_100kbit.mp4 copying sample_h264_300kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_300kbit.mp4 copying sample_h264_1mbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_1mbit.mp4 copying StreamingLoadTool to /usr/local/bin/StreamingLoadTool copying streamingloadtool.conf to /etc/streaming/streamingloadtool.conf copying streamingadminserver.pl into /usr/local/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl copying Admin HTML to /var/streaming/AdminHtml directory chown: invalid user: `qtss' chown: invalid user: `qtss' chown: invalid user: `qtss' Launching streamingadminserver.pl Cannot switch to group qtss Installation Complete Darwin Streaming Server Setup Inorder to administer the Darwin Streaming Server you must create anadministrator user [Note: The administrator user name cannot containspaces, or single or double quote characters, and cannot be more than255 characters long]. Please enter a new administrator user name: keensword007 Youmust also enter a password for the administrator user [Note: Theadministrator password cannot contain spaces, or quotes, either singleor double, and cannot be more than 80 characters long]. Please enter a new administrator Password: Re-enter the new administrator password: Adding userName keensword007 chown: invalid user: `qtss' Setup Complete!
从提示信息上看，应该是qtss用户未能创建造成的，查看了一下Install脚本，发现创建用户的脚本是这样的：
if [ $INSTALL_OS = "Linux" ]; then /usr/sbin/useradd -M qtss > /dev/null 2>&1 else /usr/sbin/useradd qtss > /dev/null 2>&1 fi
但是useradd并没有-M的命令行参数，应该为-m，将-M修改成-m后，再执行Install脚本，安装成功。此时服务已经启动，可以使用如下命令确定服务是否已经启动：
~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ ps aux | grep Darwin root 10963 0.0 0.0 4368 456 ? Ss 21:23 0:00 /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer qtss 10964 0.0 0.0 38032 2456 ? Sl 21:23 0:00 /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer 1000 11003 0.0 0.0 3004 760 pts/1 R+ 21:24 0:00 grep Darwin
如果希望机器启动后自动运行流媒体服务器，输入如下命令：
~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ cd /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc3.d$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl s20streamingserver
如果要手动启动服务，运行streamingadminserver.pl程序。
二、配置
Darwin Streaming Server采用了web管理模式，可以在本机的浏览器中输入：http://127.0.0.1:1220 。然后输入在安装流媒体服务器时设置的用户名称和密码。
第一次登录时，接着会出现设置向导。首先是一个MP3 广播密码设置对话框，在其“New Password”和“Re-enter New Password”输入自己想设置的密码。然后点击“Next”按钮继续。
为了保证数据传输的安全需要您可以在这里钩选“Secure Administration（SSL）”（安全管理），前提是您已经有了可用的SSL 证书。一般可以不选。直接点击“Next”按钮继续。
接下来要设置的是媒体文件的存放主目录。这个目录要记住，在服务器中以后添加媒体文件时就要加在这个目录中。设置完毕点击“Next”按钮继续。
最后设置默认传输端口，如果设置了“Streaming on Port80”则此服务器的访问可以突破防火墙，但如果您在此服务器上同时建有Apache 等占用80端口的服务。则建议您不要设置此端口。这里如果您没有什么特殊要求的话，使用缺省配置即可。直接点击“Finish”按钮。
自此流媒体服务器的设置就告一段落，如果您要作进一步的设置，可以通过此管理页面，在其左侧点击相应的选项，进行设置。也可以通过此对前面所做的设置进行更改。
三、在线播放
流媒体服务器部署完毕后，我们就可以使用自己喜欢的播放器在线播放了。例如，在本机上打开Movie Player, 在地址栏输入:
