苏康申 2020-11-13
给运营导出数据时,难免需要对字段进行拼接,如果 Mysql 可以完成的话,就可以少些很多代码。
Mysql 确实有几个函数可以对字段进行拼接。
concat()
将多个字段使用空字符串拼接为一个字段
mysql> select concat(id, type) from mm_content limit 10; +------------------+ | concat(id, type) | +------------------+ | 100818image | | 100824image | | 100825video | | 100826video | | 100827video | | 100828video | | 100829video | | 100830video | | 100831video | | 100832video | +------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
不过如果有字段值为 NULL,则结果为 NULL。
mysql> select concat(id, type, tags) from mm_content limit 10; +------------------------+ | concat(id, type, tags) | +------------------------+ | NULL | | NULL | | NULL | | NULL | | NULL | | NULL | | NULL | | NULL | | NULL | | NULL | +------------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
concat_ws()
上面这种方式如果想要使用分隔符分割,就需要每个字段中间插一个字符串,非常麻烦。
concat_ws()
可以一次性的解决分隔符的问题,并且不会因为某个值为 NUll,而全部为 NUll。
mysql> select concat_ws(' ', id, type, tags) from mm_content limit 10; +--------------------------------+ | concat_ws(' ', id, type, tags) | +--------------------------------+ | 100818 image | | 100824 image | | 100825 video | | 100826 video | | 100827 video | | 100828 video | | 100829 video | | 100830 video | | 100831 video | | 100832 video | +--------------------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
group_concat()
最后一个厉害了,正常情况下一个语句写成这样一定会报错的。
mysql> select id from test_user group by age; ERROR 1055 (42000): Expression #1 of SELECT list is not in GROUP BY clause and contains nonaggregated column 'test_user.id' which is not functionally dependent on columns in GROUP BY clause; this is incompatible with sql_mode=only_full_group_by
但是 group_concat()
可以将分组状态下的其他字段拼接成字符串查询出来
mysql> select group_concat(name) from test_user group by age; +--------------------+ | group_concat(name) | +--------------------+ | wen,ning | | wxnacy,win | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
默认使用逗号分隔,我们也可以指定分隔符
mysql> select group_concat(name separator ' ') from test_user group by age; +----------------------------------+ | group_concat(name separator ' ') | +----------------------------------+ | wen ning | | wxnacy win | +----------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
将字符串按照某个顺序排列
mysql> select group_concat(name order by id desc separator ' ') from test_user group by age; +---------------------------------------------------+ | group_concat(name order by id desc separator ' ') | +---------------------------------------------------+ | ning wen | | win wxnacy | +---------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果想要拼接多个字段,默认是用空字符串进行拼接的,我们可以利用 concat_ws()
方法嵌套一层
mysql> select group_concat(concat_ws(',', id, name) separator ' ') from test_user group by age; +------------------------------------------------------+ | group_concat(concat_ws(',', id, name) separator ' ') | +------------------------------------------------------+ | 1,wen 2,ning | | 3,wxnacy 4,win | +------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)