woniyu 2020-05-26
传统业务实现 Websocket 并不难,然而函数计算基本上都是事件驱动,不支持长链接操作。如果将函数计算与 API 网关结合,是否可以有 Websocket 的实现方案呢?
WebSocket 协议是基于 TCP 的一种新的网络协议。它实现了浏览器与服务器全双工 (full-duplex) 通信,即允许服务器主动发送信息给客户端。WebSocket 在服务端有数据推送需求时,可以主动发送数据至客户端。而原有 HTTP 协议的服务端对于需推送的数据,仅能通过轮询或 long poll 的方式来让客户端获得。
由于云函数是无状态且以触发式运行,即在有事件到来时才会被触发。因此,为了实现 WebSocket,云函数 SCF 与 API 网关相结合,通过 API 网关承接及保持与客户端的连接。您可以认为云函数与 API 网关一起实现了服务端。当客户端有消息发出时,会先传递给 API 网关,再由 API 网关触发云函数执行。当服务端云函数要向客户端发送消息时,会先由云函数将消息 POST 到 API 网关的反向推送链接,再由 API 网关向客户端完成消息的推送。
具体的实现架构如下:
对于 WebSocket 的整个生命周期,主要由以下几个事件组成:
对于 WebSocket 整个生命周期的事件,云函数和 API 网关的处理过程如下:
因此,云函数与 API 网关之间的交互,需要由 3 类云函数来承载:
根据腾讯云官网提供的该功能的整体架构图:
这里我们可以使用对象存储 COS 作为持久化的方案,当用户建立链接存储 ConnectionId
到 COS 中,当用户断开连接删除该链接 ID。
其中注册函数:
# -*- coding: utf8 -*- import os from qcloud_cos_v5 import CosConfig from qcloud_cos_v5 import CosS3Client bucket = os.environ.get(‘bucket‘) region = os.environ.get(‘region‘) secret_id = os.environ.get(‘secret_id‘) secret_key = os.environ.get(‘secret_key‘) cosClient = CosS3Client(CosConfig(Region=region, SecretId=secret_id, SecretKey=secret_key)) def main_handler(event, context): print("event is %s" % event) connectionID = event[‘websocket‘][‘secConnectionID‘] retmsg = {} retmsg[‘errNo‘] = 0 retmsg[‘errMsg‘] = "ok" retmsg[‘websocket‘] = { "action": "connecting", "secConnectionID": connectionID } cosClient.put_object( Bucket=bucket, Body=‘websocket‘.encode("utf-8"), Key=str(connectionID), EnableMD5=False ) return retmsg
传输函数:
# -*- coding: utf8 -*- import os import json import requests from qcloud_cos_v5 import CosConfig from qcloud_cos_v5 import CosS3Client bucket = os.environ.get(‘bucket‘) region = os.environ.get(‘region‘) secret_id = os.environ.get(‘secret_id‘) secret_key = os.environ.get(‘secret_key‘) cosClient = CosS3Client(CosConfig(Region=region, SecretId=secret_id, SecretKey=secret_key)) sendbackHost = os.environ.get("url") def Get_ConnectionID_List(): response = cosClient.list_objects( Bucket=bucket, ) return [eve[‘Key‘] for eve in response[‘Contents‘]] def send(connectionID, data): retmsg = {} retmsg[‘websocket‘] = {} retmsg[‘websocket‘][‘action‘] = "data send" retmsg[‘websocket‘][‘secConnectionID‘] = connectionID retmsg[‘websocket‘][‘dataType‘] = ‘text‘ retmsg[‘websocket‘][‘data‘] = data requests.post(sendbackHost, json=retmsg) def main_handler(event, context): print("event is %s" % event) connectionID_List = Get_ConnectionID_List() connectionID = event[‘websocket‘][‘secConnectionID‘] count = len(connectionID_List) data = event[‘websocket‘][‘data‘] + "(===Online people:" + str(count) + "===)" for ID in connectionID_List: if ID != connectionID: send(ID, data) return "send success"
清理函数:
# -*- coding: utf8 -*- import os import requests from qcloud_cos_v5 import CosConfig from qcloud_cos_v5 import CosS3Client bucket = os.environ.get(‘bucket‘) region = os.environ.get(‘region‘) secret_id = os.environ.get(‘secret_id‘) secret_key = os.environ.get(‘secret_key‘) cosClient = CosS3Client(CosConfig(Region=region, SecretId=secret_id, SecretKey=secret_key)) sendbackHost = os.environ.get("url") def main_handler(event, context): print("event is %s" % event) connectionID = event[‘websocket‘][‘secConnectionID‘] retmsg = {} retmsg[‘websocket‘] = {} retmsg[‘websocket‘][‘action‘] = "closing" retmsg[‘websocket‘][‘secConnectionID‘] = connectionID requests.post(sendbackHost, json=retmsg) cosClient.delete_object( Bucket=bucket, Key=str(connectionID), ) return event
Yaml 文件如下:
Conf: component: "serverless-global" inputs: region: ap-guangzhou bucket: chat-cos-1256773370 secret_id: secret_key: myBucket: component: ‘@serverless/tencent-cos‘ inputs: bucket: ${Conf.bucket} region: ${Conf.region} restApi: component: ‘@serverless/tencent-apigateway‘ inputs: region: ${Conf.region} protocols: - http - https serviceName: ChatDemo environment: release endpoints: - path: / method: GET protocol: WEBSOCKET serviceTimeout: 800 function: transportFunctionName: ChatTrans registerFunctionName: ChatReg cleanupFunctionName: ChatClean ChatReg: component: "@serverless/tencent-scf" inputs: name: ChatReg codeUri: ./code handler: reg.main_handler runtime: Python3.6 region: ${Conf.region} environment: variables: region: ${Conf.region} bucket: ${Conf.bucket} secret_id: ${Conf.secret_id} secret_key: ${Conf.secret_key} url: http://set-gwm9thyc.cb-guangzhou.apigateway.tencentyun.com/api-etj7lhtw ChatTrans: component: "@serverless/tencent-scf" inputs: name: ChatTrans codeUri: ./code handler: trans.main_handler runtime: Python3.6 region: ${Conf.region} environment: variables: region: ${Conf.region} bucket: ${Conf.bucket} secret_id: ${Conf.secret_id} secret_key: ${Conf.secret_key} url: http://set-gwm9thyc.cb-guangzhou.apigateway.tencentyun.com/api-etj7lhtw ChatClean: component: "@serverless/tencent-scf" inputs: name: ChatClean codeUri: ./code handler: clean.main_handler runtime: Python3.6 region: ${Conf.region} environment: variables: region: ${Conf.region} bucket: ${Conf.bucket} secret_id: ${Conf.secret_id} secret_key: ${Conf.secret_key} url: http://set-gwm9thyc.cb-guangzhou.apigateway.tencentyun.com/api-etj7lhtw
注意,这里需要先部署 API 网关。当部署完成,获得回推地址,将回推地址以 url 的形式写入到对应函数的环境变量中:
理论上应该是可以通过 ${restApi.url[0].internalDomain}
自动获得到 url 的,但是我并没有成功获得到这个 url,只能先部署 API 网关,获得到这个地址之后,再重新部署。
部署完成之后,我们可以编写 HTML 代码,实现可视化的 Websocket Client,其核心的 JavaScript 代码为:
window.onload = function () { var conn; var msg = document.getElementById("msg"); var log = document.getElementById("log"); function appendLog(item) { var doScroll = log.scrollTop === log.scrollHeight - log.clientHeight; log.appendChild(item); if (doScroll) { log.scrollTop = log.scrollHeight - log.clientHeight; } } document.getElementById("form").onsubmit = function () { if (!conn) { return false; } if (!msg.value) { return false; } conn.send(msg.value); //msg.value = ""; var item = document.createElement("div"); item.innerText = "发送↑:"; appendLog(item); var item = document.createElement("div"); item.innerText = msg.value; appendLog(item); return false; }; if (window["WebSocket"]) { //替换为websocket连接地址 conn = new WebSocket("ws://service-01era6ni-1256773370.gz.apigw.tencentcs.com/release/"); conn.onclose = function (evt) { var item = document.createElement("div"); item.innerHTML = "<b>Connection closed.</b>"; appendLog(item); }; conn.onmessage = function (evt) { var item = document.createElement("div"); item.innerText = "接收↓:"; appendLog(item); var messages = evt.data.split(‘\n‘); for (var i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) { var item = document.createElement("div"); item.innerText = messages[i]; appendLog(item); } }; } else { var item = document.createElement("div"); item.innerHTML = "<b>Your browser does not support WebSockets.</b>"; appendLog(item); } };
完成之后,我们打开两个页面,进行测试:
通过云函数 + API 网关进行 Websocket 的实践,绝对不仅仅是一个聊天工具这么简单,它可以用在很多方面,例如通过 Websocket 进行实时日志系统的制作等。
单独的函数计算,仅仅是一个计算平台,只有和周边的 BaaS 结合,才能展示出 Serverless 架构的价值和真正的能力。这也是为什么很多人说 Serverless=FaaS+BaaS 的一个原因。
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