Elim 2016-11-18
浏览器发起请求,Web服务器会开一个线程处理,该线程会等待处理结果,自身处于阻塞状态,处理完把处理结果返回浏览器。但是,因为请求处理线程的总数是有限的,如果类似的请求多了,所有的处理线程处于阻塞的状态,那新的请求也就无法处理了,也就所谓影响了服务器的吞吐能力。要更加好地发挥服务器的全部性能,就要使用异步。
异步请求最大的不同在于请求处理线程调用了之后直接返回,而不等待,这样请求处理线程就“自由”了,它可以接着去处理别的请求,当后端处理完成后,会钩起一个回调处理线程来处理调用的结果,这个回调处理线程跟请求处理线程也许都是线程池中的某个线程,相互间可以完全没有关系,由这个回调处理线程向浏览器返回内容。这就是异步的过程。
Spring MVC的使用 -- DefferedResult
要使用Spring MVC的异步功能,你得先确保你用的是Servlet 3.0或以上的版本
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.2.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
传统的同步模式的Controller是返回ModelAndView,而异步模式则是返回DeferredResult<ModelAndView>。
@RequestMapping(value="/asynctask", method = RequestMethod.GET) public DeferredResult<ModelAndView> asyncTask(){ DeferredResult<ModelAndView> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<ModelAndView>(); System.out.println("/asynctask 调用!thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); longTimeAsyncCallService.makeRemoteCallAndUnknownWhenFinish( new LongTermTaskCallback() { @Override public void callback(Object result) { System.out.println("异步调用执行完成, thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("remotecalltask"); mav.addObject("result", result); deferredResult.setResult(mav); } }); }
longTimeAsyncCallService是自定义的一个模拟长时间异步调用的服务类,调用之,立即返回,当它处理完成时,就钩起一个线程调用我们提供的回调函数。
public interface LongTermTaskCallback { void callback(Object result); } public class LongTimeAsyncCallService { private final int CorePoolSize = 4; private final int NeedSeconds = 3; private Random random = new Random(); private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(CorePoolSize); public void makeRemoteCallAndUnknownWhenFinish(LongTermTaskCallback callback){ System.out.println("完成此任务需要 : " + NeedSeconds + " 秒"); scheduler.schedule(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { callback.callback("长时间异步调用完成."); } }, "这是处理结果:)", TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
输出的结果是:
/asynctask 调用!thread id is : 46
完成此任务需要 : 3 秒
异步调用执行完成, thread id is : 47
由此可见返回结果的线程和请求处理线程不是同一线程。
返回DefferedResult<ModelAndView>并非唯一做法,还可以返回WebAsyncTask来实现“异步”,但略有不同,不同之处在于返回WebAsyncTask的话是不需要我们主动去调用Callback的
@RequestMapping(value="/longtimetask", method = RequestMethod.GET) public WebAsyncTask longTimeTask(){ System.out.println("/longtimetask被调用 thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); Callable<ModelAndView> callable = new Callable<ModelAndView>() { public ModelAndView call() throws Exception { Thread.sleep(3000); //假设是一些长时间任务 ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("longtimetask"); mav.addObject("result", "执行成功"); System.out.println("执行成功 thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); return mav; } }; return new WebAsyncTask(callable); }
其核心是一个Callable<ModelAndView>,事实上,直接返回Callable<ModelAndView>都是可以的。
和前一个方案的差别在于这个Callable的call方法并不是我们直接调用的,而是在longTimeTask返回后,由Spring MVC用一个工作线程来调用,执行。
打印出来的结果:
/longtimetask被调用 thread id is : 56
执行成功 thread id is : 57
处理超时
WebAsyncTask方式
@RequestMapping(value="/longtimetask", method = RequestMethod.GET) public WebAsyncTask longTimeTask(){ System.out.println("/longtimetask被调用 thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); Callable<ModelAndView> callable = new Callable<ModelAndView>() { public ModelAndView call() throws Exception { Thread.sleep(3000); //假设是一些长时间任务 ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("longtimetask"); mav.addObject("result", "执行成功"); System.out.println("执行成功 thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); return mav; } }; WebAsyncTask asyncTask = new WebAsyncTask(2000, callable); asyncTask.onTimeout( new Callable<ModelAndView>() { public ModelAndView call() throws Exception { ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("longtimetask"); mav.addObject("result", "执行超时"); System.out.println("执行超时 thread id is :" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); return mav; } } ); return new WebAsyncTask(3000, callable); }
DefferedResult方式
@RequestMapping(value = "/asynctask", method = RequestMethod.GET) public DeferredResult<ModelAndView> asyncTask() { DeferredResult<ModelAndView> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<ModelAndView>(2000L); System.out.println("/asynctask 调用!thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); longTimeAsyncCallService.makeRemoteCallAndUnknownWhenFinish( new LongTermTaskCallback() { @Override public void callback(Object result) { System.out.println("异步调用执行完成, thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("remotecalltask"); mav.addObject("result", result); deferredResult.setResult(mav); } }); deferredResult.onTimeout(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("异步调用执行超时!thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("remotecalltask"); mav.addObject("result", "异步调用执行超时"); deferredResult.setResult(mav); } }); return deferredResult; }
http://www.cnblogs.com/guogangj/p/5457959.html#3555455