Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

朱建伟 2020-02-29

一、API介绍

通过API,实现完全自动化添加删除agent、关联模板等操作:

API安装官方文档:https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api

API提供两个功能,一个是查询,一个是管理。

提供用户密码密码验证并发送post请求到zabbix server端,获取result返回值token:

curl 命令:

-s: 静默模式
-X:指定操作方法
-H:自定义header内容
-d:指定提交的http 内容

(1)获取token值,需要指定zabbix server服务器的用户名和密码

[ ~]# curl -s -X POST -H ‘Content-Type:application/json‘ -d ‘
{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "user.login",
    "params": {
        "user": "Admin", # zabbix server用户名
        "password": "123456"  # zabbix serever密码
    },
    "id": 1
}‘ http://192.168.7.100/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | python -m json.tool # zabbix server服务器主机的IP地址

# 以下是获取的token值
{
    "id": 1,
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": "d22b88e46b411f3db0997d54afb06c0e"  # 获取的token值
}

(2)获取所有主机信息

# curl -s -X POST -H ‘Content-Type:application/json‘ -d ‘
{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "host.get",
    "params": {
        "output": ["host"]
    },
    "auth": "d22b88e46b411f3db0997d54afb06c0e",  #上面查询到的token值
    "id": 1
}‘ http://192.168.7.100/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | python -m json.tool   # zabbix server服务器IP地址
# 以下是所有主机的返回值
{
    "id": 1,
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": [
        {
            "host": "Zabbix server",
            "hostid": "10084"
        },
        {
            "host": "192.168.7.101",
            "hostid": "10278"
        },
        {
            "host": "192.168.7.101-nginx",
            "hostid": "10289"
        },
        {
            "host": "192.168.7.102",
            "hostid": "10290"
        }
    ]
}

(3)获取所有用户信息

[ ~]# curl -s -X POST -H ‘Content-Type:application/json‘ -d ‘
{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "user.get",
    "params": {
        "output": "extend"
    },
    "auth": "d22b88e46b411f3db0997d54afb06c0e", #上面获取的token值
    "id": 1
}‘  http://192.168.7.100/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | python -m json.tool

# 以下是返回值
{
    "id": 1,
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": [
        {
            "alias": "Admin",
            "attempt_clock": "0",
            "attempt_failed": "0",
            "attempt_ip": "",
            "autologin": "1",
            "autologout": "0",
            "lang": "zh_CN",
            "name": "Zabbix",
            "refresh": "30s",
            "rows_per_page": "50",
            "surname": "Administrator",
            "theme": "default",
            "type": "3",
            "url": "",
            "userid": "1"
        },
        {
            "alias": "guest",
            "attempt_clock": "0",
            "attempt_failed": "0",
            "attempt_ip": "",
            "autologin": "0",
            "autologout": "15m",
            "lang": "en_GB",
            "name": "",
            "refresh": "30s",
            "rows_per_page": "50",
            "surname": "",
            "theme": "default",
            "type": "1",
            "url": "",
            "userid": "2"
        },
        {
            "alias": "VIP",
            "attempt_clock": "0",
            "attempt_failed": "0",
            "attempt_ip": "",
            "autologin": "0",
            "autologout": "0",
            "lang": "zh_CN",
            "name": "",
            "refresh": "30s",
            "rows_per_page": "50",
            "surname": "",
            "theme": "default",
            "type": "3",
            "url": "",
            "userid": "3"
        }
    ]
}

(4)获取zabbix网页上的模板信息

    Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

# curl -s -X POST -H ‘Content-Type:application/json‘ -d ‘
{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "template.get",
    "params": {
        "output": "extend",
        "filter": {
            "host": [
                "NGINX_Check_Statuc"
            ]
        }
    },                                         
    "auth": "d22b88e46b411f3db0997d54afb06c0e",
    "id": 1                                                           
}‘   http://192.168.7.100/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | python -m json.tool
#以下是返回值

{
    "id": 1,
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": [
        {
            "auto_compress": "1",
            "available": "0",
            "description": "",
            "disable_until": "0",
            "error": "",
            "errors_from": "0",
            "flags": "0",
            "host": "NGINX_Check_Statuc",
            "ipmi_authtype": "-1",
            "ipmi_available": "0",
            "ipmi_disable_until": "0",
            "ipmi_error": "",
            "ipmi_errors_from": "0",
            "ipmi_password": "",
            "ipmi_privilege": "2",
            "ipmi_username": "",
            "jmx_available": "0",
            "jmx_disable_until": "0",
            "jmx_error": "",
            "jmx_errors_from": "0",
            "lastaccess": "0",
            "maintenance_from": "0",
            "maintenance_status": "0",
            "maintenance_type": "0",
            "maintenanceid": "0",
            "name": "NGINX_Check_Statuc",
            "proxy_address": "",
            "proxy_hostid": "0",
            "snmp_available": "0",
            "snmp_disable_until": "0",
            "snmp_error": "",
            "snmp_errors_from": "0",
            "status": "3",
            "templateid": "10284",
            "tls_accept": "1",
            "tls_connect": "1",
            "tls_issuer": "",
            "tls_psk": "",
            "tls_psk_identity": "",
            "tls_subject": ""
        }
    ]
}

二、通过API添加主机

通过API添加主机命令格式:

API添加主机为预先知道要添加的主机IP、预先安装并配置好zabbix agent、预先知道要关联的模板ID/组ID等信息,然后同API提交请求添加

(1)查看需要添加主机群组的ID号,此时的ID号:2

      Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

(2)查看NGINX_Check_Static模板的ID号是:10284

      Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

(3)查看proxy ID号

   Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

(4)将要添加的模板都关联到NGINX_Check_Static模板下,例如:proxy的主动模板以及agent的模板

    Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

 (5)添加192.168.7.101主机(主动proxy代理模式)

# curl -s -X POST -H ‘Content-Type:application/json‘ -d ‘
 {
     "jsonrpc": "2.0",
     "method": "host.create",  # 定义方法,N多种
     "params": { 
         "host": "API Add Host Test 192.168.7.101",  # 添加显示的主机名称
        "proxy_hostid": "10277",  # 加上此行就是经过proxy进行主动模式代理,去掉就不需要proxy主机代理
         "interfaces": [
             {
                 "type": 1,  # 类型为1表示是agent,2是SNMP,3是IMPI,4是JMX
                 "main": 1, # more是接口
                 "useip": 1,  # 0是DNS地址,1是IP地址
                 "ip": "192.168.7.101",  # 添加zabbix主机的IP地址
                 "dns": "",
                 "port": "10050" # agent端口
             }
         ],
         "groups": [
             {
                 "groupid": "2" # 查到的群组ID
             }
         ],
         "templates": [
             {
                 "templateid": "10284"	# 关联的模板ID	 		
             }
         ]
     },
     "auth": "d22b88e46b411f3db0997d54afb06c0e",  #token值
     "id": 1
 }‘ http://192.168.7.100/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | python -m json.tool  # 192.168.7.100是zabbix server服务器的IP地址

# 返回值
{
    "id": 1,
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": {
        "hostids": [
            "10292"
        ]
    }
}

使用API批量添加主机(主动proxy代理模式)

(1)编辑一下添加的主机模板

[ ~]# cat linux-zabbix-add.sh 
#!/bin/bash

IP="
192.168.7.101
192.168.7.102
"	

for node_ip in ${IP};do
 curl -s -X POST -H ‘Content-Type:application/json‘ -d ‘
 {
     "jsonrpc": "2.0",
     "method": "host.create",
     "params": {
          "host": "‘${node_ip}‘",  # 主机的IP地址
          "name": "linux36-nginx-web_‘${node_ip}‘",  # 添加可见的主机名称
          "proxy_hostid": "10277",  # 主动模式proxy的ID号
         "interfaces": [
             {
                 "type": 1,
                 "main": 1,
                 "useip": 1, 
                 "ip": "‘${node_ip}‘", 
                 "dns": "",
                 "port": "10050"
             }
         ],
         "groups": [
             {
                 "groupid": "2"
             }
         ],
         "templates": [
             {
                 "templateid": "10284"
             }
         ]
     },
     "auth": "d22b88e46b411f3db0997d54afb06c0e", 
     "id": 1
 }‘ http://192.168.7.100/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | python -m json.tool	
done

(2)加上执行权限,并执行脚本

[ ~]# chmod +x linux-zabbix-add.sh 
[ ~]# bash linux-zabbix-add.sh 
{
    "id": 1,
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": {
        "hostids": [
            "10294"
        ]
    }
}
{
    "id": 1,
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": {
        "hostids": [
            "10295"
        ]
    }
}

在zabbix网页上查看此时添加的主机

1、查看zabbix网页上添加的主机状态

  Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

 2、查看192.168.7.101主机的数据

  Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

 3、查看192.168.7.102主机的数据

  Zabbix之十一----Zabbbix的API使用

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