学习编程 2018-03-09
首发时间:2018-03-09 21:26
pip3 install pyquery
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
【使用PyQuery初始化解析对象,PyQuery是一个类,直接将要解析的对象作为参数传入即可】
textParse = pq(html)
# urlParse = pq('http://www.baidu.com') #1 urlParse = pq(url='http://www.baidu.com') #
fileParse = pq(filename="L:\demo.html")
result = textParse('h2').text()
result3=textParse(".p1").text()
result4=textParse("#user").attr("type")
result5=textParse("p,div").text()
result6=textParse("div a").attr.href
result7=textParse("[class='p1']").text()
result8=textParse("p:last").text()
(更多的,可以参考css)
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html=""" <html> <head> </head> <body> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <p class="p1">This is a paragraph.</p> <p class="p2">This is another paragraph.</p> <div> 123 <a id="a1" href="http://www.baidu.com">hello</a> </div> <input type="Button" > <input id="user" type="text" > </body> """ ###初始化 textParse = pq(html) # urlParse = pq('http://www.baidu.com') #1 # urlParse = pq(url='http://www.baidu.com') #2 # fileParse = pq(filename="L:\demo.html") ##获取 result = textParse('h2').text() print(result) result2= textParse('div').html() print(result2) result3=textParse(".p1").text() print(result3) result4=textParse("#user").attr("type") print(result4) result5=textParse("p,div").text() print(result5) result6=textParse("div a").attr.href print(result6) result7=textParse("[class='p1']").text() print(result7) result8=textParse("p:last").text() print(result8) result9=textParse("div").find("a").text() print(result9) result12=textParse("p").filter(".p1").text() print(result12) result10=textParse("div").children() print(result10) result11=textParse("a").parent() print(result11)
attr(attribute):获取属性
result2=textParse("a").attr("href")
attr.xxxx:获取属性xxxx
result21=textParse("a").attr.href result22=textParse("a").attr.class_ result23=textParse("a").attr.id_ result24=textParse("a").attr.value
text():获取文本,子元素中也仅仅返回文本
result1=textParse("a").text()
html():获取html,功能与text类似,但返回html标签
result3=textParse("div").html()
补充1:
元素的迭代:如果返回的结果是多个元素,如果想迭代出每个元素,可以使用items():
补充2:pyquery是jquery的python化,语法基本都是相通的,想了解更多,可以参考jquery。
add_class():增加class
remove_class():移除class
remove():删除指定元素
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html=""" <html> <head> </head> <body> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <p id="p1" class="p1">This is a paragraph.</p> <p class="p2">This is another paragraph.</p> <div style="color:blue"> 123 <a class="ca" href="http://www.baidu.com">hello</a> </div> <input type="Button" > <input id="user" type="text" > </body> """ textParse=pq(html) textParse('a').add_class("c1") print(textParse('a').attr("class")) textParse('a').remove_class("c1") print(textParse('a').attr("class")) print(textParse('div').html()) textParse('div').remove("a") print(textParse('div').html())
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html=""" <html> <head> </head> <body> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <p id="p1" class="p1">This is a paragraph.</p> <p class="p2">This is another paragraph.</p> <div style="color:blue"> 123 <a class="ca" href="http://www.baidu.com">hello</a> </div> <input type="Button" > <input id="user" type="text" > </body> """ textParse=pq(html) textParse('a').attr("name","hehe") print(textParse('a').attr("name")) textParse('a').css("color","white") textParse('a').css({"background-color":"black","postion":"fixed"}) print(textParse('a').attr("style"))
这些操作什么时候会被用到:
【有时候可能会将数据样式处理一下再存储下来,就需要用到,比如我获取下来的数据样式我不满意,可以自定义成我自己的格式】
【有时候需要逐层清理再筛选出指定结果,比如<div>123<a></a></div>中,如果仅仅想要获取123就可以先删除<a>再获取】
先使用审查元素,定位目标元素
确认爬取信息
要注意的是,豆瓣新书是有一些分在后面页的,实际上目标应该是li的上一级ul:
使用PyQuery筛选出结果:
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq urlParse=pq(url="https://book.douban.com/") info=urlParse("div.carousel ul li div.info") file=open("demo.txt","w",encoding="utf8") for i in info.items(): title=i.find("div.title") author=i.find("span.author") abstract=i.find(".abstract") file.write("标题:"+title.text()+"\n") file.write("作者:"+author.text()+"\n") file.write("概要:"+abstract.text()+"\n") file.write("-----------------\n") print("\n") file.close()