yaosir 2019-06-28
1.Paint画笔介绍
2.Canvas画布介绍
3.Matrix变换矩阵介绍
4.RectF介绍
5.关于使用到这几个属性的自定义View
常用的方法有这些
设置绘制的颜色,a代表透明度,r,g,b代表颜色值。 * setAlpha(int a); 设置绘制图形的透明度。 * setColor(int color); 设置绘制的颜色,使用颜色值来表示,该颜色值包括透明度和RGB颜色。 * setAntiAlias(boolean aa); 设置是否使用抗锯齿功能,会消耗较大资源,绘制图形速度会变慢。 * setDither(boolean dither); 设定是否使用图像抖动处理,会使绘制出来的图片颜色更加平滑和饱满,图像更加清晰 * setFilterBitmap(boolean filter); 如果该项设置为true,则图像在动画进行中会滤掉对Bitmap图像的优化操作,加快显示速度,本设置项依赖于dither和xfermode的设置 * setMaskFilter(MaskFilter maskfilter); 设置MaskFilter,可以用不同的MaskFilter实现滤镜的效果,如滤化,立体等 * setColorFilter(ColorFilter colorfilter); 设置颜色过滤器,可以在绘制颜色时实现不用颜色的变换效果 * setPathEffect(PathEffect effect); 设置绘制路径的效果,如点画线等 * setShader(Shader shader); 设置图像效果,使用Shader可以绘制出各种渐变效果 * setShadowLayer(float radius ,float dx,float dy,int color); 在图形下面设置阴影层,产生阴影效果,radius为阴影的角度,dx和dy为阴影在x轴和y轴上的距离,color为阴影的颜色 * setStyle(Paint.Style style); 设置画笔的样式,为FILL,FILL_AND_STROKE,或STROKE * setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap cap); 当画笔样式为STROKE或FILL_AND_STROKE时,设置笔刷的图形样式,如圆形样式 Cap.ROUND,或方形样式Cap.SQUARE * setSrokeJoin(Paint.Join join); 设置绘制时各图形的结合方式,如平滑效果等 * setStrokeWidth(float width); 当画笔样式为STROKE或FILL_AND_STROKE时,设置笔刷的粗细度 * setXfermode(Xfermode xfermode); 设置图形重叠时的处理方式,如合并,取交集或并集,经常用来制作橡皮的擦除效果 ```
常用的方法有这些
模拟实现粗体文字,设置在小字体上效果会非常差 * setSubpixelText(boolean subpixelText); 设置该项为true,将有助于文本在LCD屏幕上的显示效果 * setTextAlign(Paint.Align align); 设置绘制文字的对齐方向 * setTextScaleX(float scaleX); 设置绘制文字x轴的缩放比例,可以实现文字的拉伸的效果 * setTextSize(float textSize); 设置绘制文字的字号大小 * setTextSkewX(float skewX); 设置斜体文字,skewX为倾斜弧度 * setTypeface(Typeface typeface); 设置Typeface对象,即字体风格,包括粗体,斜体以及衬线体,非衬线体等 * setUnderlineText(boolean underlineText); 设置带有下划线的文字效果 * setStrikeThruText(boolean strikeThruText); 设置带有删除线的效果 ```
一般属性有:
* Canvas(Bitmap bitmap): 以bitmap对象创建一个画布,则将内容都绘制在bitmap上,因此bitmap不得为null。 * Canvas(GL gl): 在绘制3D效果时使用,与OpenGL相关。 * isOpaque(boolean isOpaque):检测是否支持透明。 * setViewport(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, int clipflag): 设置画布中显示窗口。 * drawColor(int color): 设置Canvas的背景颜色。 * setBitmap(Bitmap mBitmap): 设置具体画布,画的内容,保存为一个Bitmap。 * clipRect(float left, float top, float right, float bottom): 设置显示区域,即设置裁剪区。 * translate(float x, float y): 平移画布。 * rotate(float degree, float px, float py): 旋转画布 。 * skew(float sx, float sy): 设置偏移量。 * save(): 将Canvas当前状态保存在堆栈,save之后可以调用Canvas的平移、旋转、错切、剪裁等操作。 * restore(): 恢复为之前堆栈保存的Canvas状态,防止save后对Canvas执行的操作对后续的绘制有影响。restore和save要配对使用,restore可以比save少,但不能比save多,否则会引发error。save和restore之间,往往夹杂的是对Canvas的特殊操作。 * save(int num):将Canvas当前状态保存在堆栈,并予以编号int * restoreToCount(int num):恢复为之前堆栈保存的编号为int的Canvas状态 * concat(Matrix matrix):画布关联矩阵,画出来的内容按矩阵改变,而不是画布改变。
注:这种方式画Drawable怎么设置透明度呢?((BitmapDrawable)Drawable).getPaint().setAlpha(mBgAlpha); ```
画图部分
将画笔设置的颜色和透明度铺满画布 * drawRect(RectF rect, Paint paint) 绘制矩形,参数一为RectF一个区域 * drawRect(float left, float top, float right, float bottom, Paint paint) 绘制矩形,left:矩形left的x坐标,top:矩形top的y坐标,right:矩形right的x坐标,bottom:矩形bottom的y坐标 * drawRoundRect(RectF rect, float rx, float ry, Paint paint) 绘制圆角矩形, rx:x方向的圆角半径,ry:y方向的圆角半径 * drawRoundRect(float left, float top, float right, float bottom, float rx, float ry, Paint paint) * drawPath(Path path, Paint paint) 绘制一个路径,参数一为Path路径对象 * drawBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, Rect src, Rect dst, Paint paint) 贴图,参数一就是我们常规的Bitmap对象,参数二是源区域(这里是bitmap),参数三是目标区域(应该在canvas的位置和大小),参数四是Paint画刷对象,因为用到了缩放和拉伸的可能,当原始Rect不等于目标Rect时性能将会有大幅损失。 * drawBitmap (Bitmap bitmap, float left, float top, Paint paint) * drawLine(float startX, float startY, float stopX, float stopY, Paintpaint) 画线,参数一起始点的x轴位置,参数二起始点的y轴位置,参数三终点的x轴水平位置,参数四y轴垂直位置,最后一个参数为Paint 画刷对象。 * drawPoint(float x, float y, Paint paint) 画点,参数一水平x轴,参数二垂直y轴,第三个参数为Paint对象。 * drawText(String text, float x, floaty, Paint paint) 渲染文本,Canvas类除了上面的还可以描绘文字,参数一是String类型的文本,参数二文字左侧到x轴距离,参数三文字BaseLine到y轴距离,参数四是Paint对象。 * drawOval(RectF oval, Paint paint) 绘制椭圆,参数一是扫描区域,参数二为paint对象 * drawOval(float left, float top, float right, float bottom, Paint paint) * drawCircle(float cx, float cy, float radius,Paint paint) 绘制圆,参数一是中心点的x轴,参数二是中心点的y轴,参数三是半径,参数四是paint对象; * drawArc(RectF oval, float startAngle, float sweepAngle, boolean useCenter, Paint paint) 画弧,参数一是RectF对象,指定圆弧的外轮廓矩形区域,参数二是起始角(度)在电弧的开始,参数三扫描角(度)开始顺时针测量的,参数四是如果这是真的话,包括椭圆中心的电弧,并关闭它,如果它是假这将是一个弧线,参数五是Paint对象; ```
2.3.1 Canvas对象的获取方式有两种:
@Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); } Canvas canvas = new Canvas();
绘制圆
private Paint paint = new Paint(); @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); paint.setAntiAlias(true); paint.setColor(Color.BLUE); paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); canvas.drawCircle(200,200,100 , paint); }
private Paint paint = new Paint(); @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); paint.setAntiAlias(true); paint.setColor(Color.RED); paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); canvas.drawRect(100, 100, 200, 200, paint); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) { canvas.drawRoundRect(400, 100, 600, 300, 30, 30, paint); } paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE); paint.setStrokeWidth(20); canvas.drawRect(100, 400, 300, 600, paint); }
private Paint paint = new Paint(); @SuppressLint("DrawAllocation") @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); paint.setAntiAlias(true); paint.setColor(Color.RED); paint.setTextSize(100); canvas.drawText("潇湘剑雨", 100, 100, paint); }
private Paint paint = new Paint(); @SuppressLint("DrawAllocation") @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); paint.setAntiAlias(true); paint.setColor(Color.RED); RectF rel = new RectF(50, 50, 150, 150); //实心圆弧 canvas.drawArc(rel, 0, 135, false, paint); //实心圆弧 将圆心包含在内 RectF rel2 = new RectF(50, 200, 150, 300); canvas.drawArc(rel2, 0, 135, true, paint); //设置空心Style paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE); paint.setStrokeWidth(20); RectF rel3 = new RectF(50, 350, 150, 450); canvas.drawArc(rel3, 0, 270, false, paint); RectF rel4 = new RectF(50, 250, 150, 600); canvas.drawArc(rel4, 0, 270, true, paint); }
private Paint paint = new Paint(); @SuppressLint("DrawAllocation") @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); Path angle = new Path(); angle.moveTo(250, 0); angle.lineTo(0, 500); angle.lineTo(100, 300); angle.lineTo(200, 350); angle.lineTo(500, 500); angle.close(); canvas.drawPath(angle, paint); }
private Paint mPaint = new Paint(); @SuppressLint("DrawAllocation") @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); canvas.drawColor(Color.BLUE); mPaint.setColor(Color.RED); canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0, 0, 800, 800), mPaint); canvas.save(); mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN); canvas.rotate(45,400,400); canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0, 0, 800, 800), mPaint); canvas.restore(); }
源代码有两个可以使用的方法:
/** * Preconcat the current matrix with the specified rotation.
*/ public native void rotate(float degrees); /** * Preconcat the current matrix with the specified rotation. * @param degrees The amount to rotate, in degrees * @param px The x-coord for the pivot point (unchanged by the rotation) * @param py The y-coord for the pivot point (unchanged by the rotation) */ public final void rotate(float degrees, float px, float py) { translate(px, py); rotate(degrees); translate(-px, -py); } ```
private Paint mPaint = new Paint(); @SuppressLint("DrawAllocation") @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); canvas.drawColor(Color.YELLOW); mPaint.setColor(Color.RED); canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0, 0, 800, 800), mPaint); // 保存画布状态 canvas.save(); canvas.scale(0.5f, 0.5f); mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN); canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0, 0, 800, 800), mPaint); // 画布状态回滚 canvas.restore(); canvas.scale(0.5f, 0.5f, 400, 400); mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE); canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0, 0, 800, 800), mPaint); }
源码如下所示
/** * Preconcat the current matrix with the specified scale. * @param sx The amount to scale in X
*/ public native void scale(float sx, float sy); /** * Preconcat the current matrix with the specified scale. * @param sx The amount to scale in X * @param sy The amount to scale in Y * @param px The x-coord for the pivot point (unchanged by the scale) * @param py The y-coord for the pivot point (unchanged by the scale) */ public final void scale(float sx, float sy, float px, float py) { translate(px, py); scale(sx, sy); translate(-px, -py); } ```
这是一个我们常用的一个“绘画相关的工具类”,常用语描述长方形/正方形,他只有4个属性
public int left; public int top; public int right; public int bottom;
其中常用的构造方法如下所示
public Rect(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) { this.left = left; this.top = top; this.right = right; this.bottom = bottom; } public Rect(Rect r) { if (r == null) { left = top = right = bottom = 0; } else { left = r.left; top = r.top; right = r.right; bottom = r.bottom; } }
这4个属性描述着这一个“方块”,但是这有一个知识点需要理清楚,先看这张图
实现了Parcelable 所以需要实现一堆Object的方法,诸如equals,toString等等,来简单看一看
@Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Rect r = (Rect) o; return left == r.left && top == r.top && right == r.right && bottom == r.bottom; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = left; result = 31 * result + top; result = 31 * result + right; result = 31 * result + bottom; return result; } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(32); sb.append("Rect("); sb.append(left); sb.append(", "); sb.append(top); sb.append(" - "); sb.append(right); sb.append(", "); sb.append(bottom); sb.append(")"); return sb.toString(); }
获取“宽”
//文章开头说的公式在这里得到了应验 public final int width() { return right - left; }
获取“高”
public final int height() { return bottom - top; }
有效性的判断
//因为left是最左侧,right比left还小不就不成形了么?宽高同是如此 public final boolean isEmpty() { return left >= right || top >= bottom; }
全部置0操作
public void setEmpty() { left = right = top = bottom = 0; }
设置参数方法,和构造函数的区别仅在于不会创建新对象
public void set(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) { this.left = left; this.top = top; this.right = right; this.bottom = bottom; }
5.1.1 需求介绍
5.1.2 思路介绍
5.1.3 代码介绍
/** * <pre> * @author yangchong * blog : https://github.com/yangchong211 * time : 2016/5/18 * desc : 红点自定义控件 * revise: 建议设置红点宽高一样,否则是椭圆 * </pre> */ public class DotView extends View { private boolean isInit = false; private boolean isSelected = false; private float mViewHeight; private float mViewWidth; private float mRadius; private Paint mPaintBg = new Paint(); private int mBgUnselectedColor = Color.parseColor("#1A000000"); private int mBgSelectedColor = Color.parseColor("#FDE26E"); private static final float mArcWidth = 2.0f; public DotView(Context context) { super(context); } public DotView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } public DotView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); if (!isInit) { isInit = true; mViewHeight = getHeight(); mViewWidth = getWidth(); if (mViewHeight >= mViewWidth) { mRadius = mViewWidth / 2.f; } else { mRadius = mViewHeight / 2.f; } } //是否选中 if (isSelected){ drawSelectedDot(canvas); } else{ drawUnSelectedDot(canvas); } } /** * 绘制选中指示器红点 * @param canvas canvas */ private void drawSelectedDot(Canvas canvas) { //设置paint相关属性 mPaintBg.setAntiAlias(true); mPaintBg.setColor(mBgSelectedColor); mPaintBg.setStyle(Style.FILL); //绘制圆 canvas.drawCircle(mViewWidth / 2.f, mViewHeight / 2.f, mRadius - 8.f, mPaintBg); mPaintBg.setStyle(Style.STROKE); float offset = 1.f + mArcWidth; RectF oval = new RectF(mViewWidth / 2.f - mRadius + offset, mViewHeight / 2.f - mRadius + offset, mViewWidth / 2.f + mRadius - offset, mViewHeight / 2.f + mRadius - offset); //绘制指定的弧线,该弧线将被缩放以适应指定的椭圆形。 canvas.drawArc(oval, 0.f, 360.f, false, mPaintBg); } /** * 绘制未选中指示器红点 * @param canvas canvas */ private void drawUnSelectedDot(Canvas canvas) { mPaintBg.setAntiAlias(true); mPaintBg.setColor(mBgUnselectedColor); mPaintBg.setStyle(Style.FILL); canvas.drawCircle(mViewWidth / 2.f, mViewHeight / 2.f, mRadius - 8.f, mPaintBg); } /** * 设置是否选中 * @param isSelected isSelected */ public void setIsSelected(boolean isSelected) { this.isSelected = isSelected; //使整个视图无效。如果视图是可见的,则{@link#onDraw(android.Graphics.Canvas)}将在将来的某个时候被调用。 //调用该方法,会进行重新绘制,也就是调用onDraw方法 this.invalidate(); } }
5.2.1 需求分析
5.2.2 代码介绍
public class ARoundImageView extends AppCompatImageView { /* * Paint:画笔 * Canvas:画布 * Matrix:变换矩阵 * * 业务需求:可以设置圆角,可以设置圆形,如果是圆角则必须设置半径,默认圆角半径为10dp */ /** * 圆形模式 */ private static final int MODE_CIRCLE = 1; /** * 普通模式 */ private static final int MODE_NONE = 0; /** * 圆角模式 */ private static final int MODE_ROUND = 2; /** * 圆角半径 */ private int currRound = dp2px(10); /** * 画笔 */ private Paint mPaint; /** * 默认是普通模式 */ private int currMode = 0; public ARoundImageView(Context context) { this(context,null); } public ARoundImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public ARoundImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); obtainStyledAttrs(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); initViews(); } private void obtainStyledAttrs(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ARoundImageView, defStyleAttr, 0); currMode = a.hasValue(R.styleable.ARoundImageView_type) ? a.getInt(R.styleable.ARoundImageView_type, MODE_NONE) : MODE_NONE; currRound = a.hasValue(R.styleable.ARoundImageView_radius) ? a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.ARoundImageView_radius, currRound) : currRound; a.recycle(); } private void initViews() { //ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG 用于绘制时抗锯齿 mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG | Paint.DITHER_FLAG); } /** * 当模式为圆形模式的时候,我们强制让宽高一致 */ @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { if (currMode == MODE_CIRCLE) { super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); int result = Math.min(getMeasuredHeight(), getMeasuredWidth()); // 此方法必须由{@link#onMeasure(int,int)}调用,以存储已测量的宽度和测量的高度。 // 如果不这样做,将在测量时触发异常。 setMeasuredDimension(result, result); } else { super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); } } @SuppressLint("DrawAllocation") @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { //获取ImageView图片资源 Drawable mDrawable = getDrawable(); //获取Matrix对象 Matrix mDrawMatrix = getImageMatrix(); if (mDrawable == null) { return; } if (mDrawable.getIntrinsicWidth() == 0 || mDrawable.getIntrinsicHeight() == 0) { return; } if (mDrawMatrix == null && getPaddingTop() == 0 && getPaddingLeft() == 0) { mDrawable.draw(canvas); } else { final int saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount(); canvas.save(); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) { if (getCropToPadding()) { final int scrollX = getScrollX(); final int scrollY = getScrollY(); canvas.clipRect(scrollX + getPaddingLeft(), scrollY + getPaddingTop(), scrollX + getRight() - getLeft() - getPaddingRight(), scrollY + getBottom() - getTop() - getPaddingBottom()); } } canvas.translate(getPaddingLeft(), getPaddingTop()); switch (currMode){ case MODE_CIRCLE: Bitmap bitmap1 = drawable2Bitmap(mDrawable); mPaint.setShader(new BitmapShader(bitmap1, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP)); canvas.drawCircle(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2, getWidth() / 2, mPaint); break; case MODE_ROUND: Bitmap bitmap2 = drawable2Bitmap(mDrawable); mPaint.setShader(new BitmapShader(bitmap2, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP)); canvas.drawRoundRect(new RectF(getPaddingLeft(), getPaddingTop(), getWidth() - getPaddingRight(), getHeight() - getPaddingBottom()), currRound, currRound, mPaint); break; case MODE_NONE: default: if (mDrawMatrix != null) { canvas.concat(mDrawMatrix); } mDrawable.draw(canvas); break; } canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount); } } /** * drawable转换成bitmap */ private Bitmap drawable2Bitmap(Drawable drawable) { if (drawable == null) { return null; } Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(getWidth(), getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap); //根据传递的scaleType获取matrix对象,设置给bitmap Matrix matrix = getImageMatrix(); if (matrix != null) { canvas.concat(matrix); } drawable.draw(canvas); return bitmap; } private int dp2px(float value) { return (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP, value, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()); } }