MySQL入门教程

操作系统：CentOS 6.7
MySQL版本：5.6.30

• 1.前期准备
• 2.系统配置
• 3.CMake编译配置
• 4.make && make install
• 5.后期配置和测试
• Reference

1.前期准备

首先需要CMake，可以yum直接安装：

yum install cmake

也可以官网 https://cmake.org/ 下载源码编译。
我这里选择了官网下载最新版本cmake-3.5.2.tar.gz。

# tar -zxvf cmake-3.5.2.tar.gz && cd cmake-3.5.2

# ./configure
部分输出略。
-- Build files have been written to: /soft/cmake-3.5.2
---------------------------------------------
CMake has bootstrapped.  Now run gmake.

# gmake 

# make install

2.系统配置

添加组和用户：

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

vi /etc/security/limits.conf 文件末尾添加：

mysql   soft    nproc   2047
mysql   hard    nproc   16384
mysql   soft    nofile  1024
mysql   hard    nofile  65536

3.CMake编译配置

解压源码包：

tar zxvf mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz && cd mysql-5.6.30

CMake编译配置

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DCOMPILATION_COMMENT='JSS for mysqltest' \
-DWITH_READLINE=ON \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/data/mysqldata/3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock

遇到以下错误，

-- Could NOT find Curses (missing:  CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH) 
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:85 (MESSAGE):
  Curses library not found.  Please install appropriate package,

      remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on RedHat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/readline.cmake:128 (FIND_CURSES)
  cmake/readline.cmake:202 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_EDITLINE)
  CMakeLists.txt:421 (MYSQL_CHECK_EDITLINE)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/soft/mysql-5.6.30/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/soft/mysql-5.6.30/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
[root@JY-DB mysql-5.6.30]#

yum安装提示缺失的包：

yum install ncurses-devel

重新删除配置文件：

rm -rf CMakeCache.txt

然后重新CMake工具编译：

CMake Warning:
  Manually-specified variables were not used by the project:

    WITH_READLINE


-- Build files have been written to: /soft/mysql-5.6.30
[root@JY-DB mysql-5.6.30]#

4.make && make install

[root@JY-DB mysql-5.6.30]# make && make install
大量输出略。

这个时间会比较长，也跟机器性能有关。

5.后期配置和测试

5.1 打包MySQL二进制版本：

[root@JY-DB data]# tar zcvf mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz /usr/local/mysql/

5.2 修改MySQL软件所在目录拥有者：

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

5.3 修改mysql用户环境变量：

vi ~/.bash_profile

export LANG=zh_CN.GB18030
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

5.4 创建数据库服务：

# mkdir -p /data/mysqldata/{3306/{data,tmp,binlog},backup,scripts}
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysqldata
# su - mysql
$ more /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf 
$ vi /data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf

my.cnf配置文件内容如下：

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock

#The MySQL Server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
user = mysql
socket = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.pid
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysqldata/3306/data
tmpdir = /data/mysqldata/3306/tmp
open_files_limit = 10240
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

#Buffer
max_allowed_packet = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
net_buffer_length = 8k
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

#Log
log-bin = /data/mysqldata/3306/binlog/mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 32M
max_binlog_cache_size = 512M
max_binlog_size = 512M
binlog_format = mixed
log_output = FILE
log-error = ../mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = ../slow_query.log
general_log = 0
general_log_file = ../general_query.log
expire-logs-days = 14

#InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2048M:autoextend
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
prompt = (\u@\h)[\d]>\_
default-character-set = gbk

初始化MySQL数据库：

$ /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3306/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

5.5 启动数据库服务：

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf &

测试连接并查看MySQL进程和端口监听状态：

netstat -lnt | grep 3306
ps -ef | grep bin/mysql | grep -v grep

实际操作过程如下：