ruizhenggang 2011-04-19
在android中应用相机功能,一般有两种:一种是直接调用系统相机,一种自己写的相机。
我将分别演示两种方式的使用:
第一种:是使用Intent跳转到系统相机,action为:android.media.action.STILL_IMAGE_CAMERA
关键代码:
Intent intent = new Intent(); //调用照相机 intent.setAction("android.media.action.STILL_IMAGE_CAMERA"); startActivity(intent);
例子:CameraTest_2.java
import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; public class CameraTest_2 extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); Intent intent = new Intent(); //调用照相机 intent.setAction("android.media.action.STILL_IMAGE_CAMERA"); startActivity(intent); } }
想要测试的,可以直接新建一个项目,并且把主activity的代码换成上面的,然后运行,我测试了一下,上面这个代码并不
需要权限,毕竟只是调用系统自带的程序。
当然网上还有一些其他相关的调用方法,只要设置对了action,那么系统就会调用系统自带的相机.第二种:
(1)首先我们要自己创建一个照相,必须考虑用什么控件显示照相机中的预览效果,显然android已经帮我们做好了选择,那就是
SurfaceView,而控制SurfaceView则需要一个surfaceHolder,他是系统提供的一个用来设置surfaceView的一个对象,而它通过surfaceView.getHolder()这个方法来获得。而Camera提供一个setPreviewDisplay(SurfaceHolder)的方法来连接
surfaceHolder,并通过他来控制surfaceView,而我们则使用android的Camera类提供了startPreview()和stopPreview()来开启和关闭预览.
关系如下:
Camera---->SurfaceHolder------>SurfaceView.
(2)知道怎么预览了,当然也要知道怎么开启相机.Camera.open()这是个静态方法,如果相机没有别人用着,则会返回一个相机引用,如果被人用着,则会抛出异常。很奇怪的是,这个方法,不能随便放,如放在构造方法或者onCreate()方法中,都会照成没有预览效果.
(3)
SurfaceHolder.Callback,这是个holder用来显示surfaceView数据的接口,他分别必须实现3个方法
surfaceCreated()这个方法是surface被创建后调用的
surfaceChanged()这个方法是当surfaceView发生改变后调用的
surfaceDestroyed()这个是当surfaceView销毁时调用的.
surfaceHolde通过addCallBack()方法将响应的接口绑定到他身上.
surfaceHolder还必须设定一个setType()方法,查看api的时候,发现这个方法已经过时,但是没有写,又会报错。。各种奇怪。
(4)
我用以上知识写了一个MySurfaceView类,他继承于SurfaceView,并在里面实现了照相机的预览功能.这个我觉得最简单的照相机预览代码:
MySurfaceView.java
import java.io.IOException; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.PixelFormat; import android.hardware.Camera; import android.util.Log; import android.view.SurfaceHolder; import android.view.SurfaceView; public class MySurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{ SurfaceHolder holder; Camera myCamera; public MySurfaceView(Context context) { super(context); holder = getHolder();//获得surfaceHolder引用 holder.addCallback(this); holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);//设置类型 } @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { myCamera.startPreview(); } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(myCamera == null) { myCamera = Camera.open();//开启相机,不能放在构造函数中,不然不会显示画面. try { myCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myCamera.stopPreview();//停止预览 myCamera.release();//释放相机资源 myCamera = null; Log.d("ddd", "4"); } }CameraTest_3.java
import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; public class CameraTest_3 extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ MySurfaceView mySurface; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mySurface = new MySurfaceView(this); setContentView(mySurface); } }
而且必须给应用添加权限:<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.CAMERA"></uses-permission>
(5)能够预览了,接下来就是拍照了,拍照用到了一个camera.tackPiture()这个方法,这个方法,有三个参数分别是
ShutterCallBackshutter,PictureCallBackraw,PictureCallBackjpeg.
下面是对他们的实现
private ShutterCallback shutter = new ShutterCallback() { @Override public void onShutter() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.d("ddd", "shutter"); } }; private PictureCallback raw = new PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.d("ddd", "raw"); } }; private PictureCallback jpeg = new PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.d("ddd","jpeg"); } };
当开始拍照时,会依次调用shutter的onShutter()方法,raw的onPictureTaken方法,jpeg的onPictureTaken方法.
三个参数的作用是shutter--拍照瞬间调用,raw--获得没有压缩过的图片数据,jpeg---返回jpeg的图片数据
当你不需要对照片进行处理,可以直接用null代替.
注意,当调用camera.takePiture方法后,camera关闭了预览,这时需要调用startPreview()来重新开启预览。
我用以上知识,加到上面的那个例子,就形成了下面的代码:
MySurfaceView.java
package com.wjh.camera; import java.io.IOException; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.PixelFormat; import android.hardware.Camera; import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback; import android.hardware.Camera.ShutterCallback; import android.util.Log; import android.view.SurfaceHolder; import android.view.SurfaceView; public class MySurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{ SurfaceHolder holder; Camera myCamera; private ShutterCallback shutter = new ShutterCallback() { @Override public void onShutter() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.d("ddd", "shutter"); } }; private PictureCallback raw = new PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.d("ddd", "raw"); } }; private PictureCallback jpeg = new PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.d("ddd","jpeg"); } }; public MySurfaceView(Context context) { super(context); holder = getHolder();//获得surfaceHolder引用 holder.addCallback(this); holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);//设置类型 } public void tackPicture() { myCamera.takePicture(null,null,null); } public void voerTack() { myCamera.startPreview(); } @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { myCamera.startPreview(); } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(myCamera == null) { myCamera = Camera.open();//开启相机,不能放在构造函数中,不然不会显示画面. try { myCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myCamera.stopPreview();//停止预览 myCamera.release();//释放相机资源 myCamera = null; } }
CameraTest_3.java
import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; public class CameraTest_3 extends Activity implements OnClickListener { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ MySurfaceView mySurface; boolean isClicked = false; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mySurface = new MySurfaceView(this); setContentView(mySurface); mySurface.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(!isClicked) { mySurface.tackPicture(); isClicked = true; }else { mySurface.voerTack(); isClicked = false; } }
这样就是实现了拍照的功能,那么怎样要图片保存呢?那么这是就需要在那个参数中的jpeg的
方法里面进行处理了,那个方法的data参数,就是相片的数据。
我们通过BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data,0,data.length)来获得图片并通过io处理,将图片保存到想要保存的位置
下面这段代码,是将照片保存到/sdcard/wjh.jpg;并把一些没有用到的代码全部删掉,剩下一些必须的代码
MySurfaceView.java
package com.wjh.camera; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.graphics.PixelFormat; import android.hardware.Camera; import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback; import android.hardware.Camera.ShutterCallback; import android.util.Log; import android.view.SurfaceHolder; import android.view.SurfaceView; public class MySurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{ SurfaceHolder holder; Camera myCamera; private PictureCallback jpeg = new PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length); File file = new File("/sdcard/wjh.jpg"); BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file)); bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,100,bos); bos.flush(); bos.close(); }catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; public MySurfaceView(Context context) { super(context); holder = getHolder();//获得surfaceHolder引用 holder.addCallback(this); holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);//设置类型 } public void tackPicture() { myCamera.takePicture(null,null,jpeg); } public void voerTack() { myCamera.startPreview(); } @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { myCamera.startPreview(); } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(myCamera == null) { myCamera = Camera.open();//开启相机,不能放在构造函数中,不然不会显示画面. try { myCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myCamera.stopPreview();//停止预览 myCamera.release();//释放相机资源 myCamera = null; } }
CameraTest_3.java跟上面的一样
注意,这是必须添加在sd卡上写数据的权限
<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
(7)能够拍照了,这下子要考虑如何让图片更好看了,这显然是专业人士的强项,但是我们在程序上,也可以做一些处理,
向上面的那些,因为我直接把surfaceView当做整体布局,就可能出现屏幕被拉开了,不是很好看,所以这时,就可以不要把
surfaceView弄成整体布局,把他弄到到一个布局管理器,在设置相关的参数.
这是需要注意的是有些参数不能随便乱设,
如以下代码:Camera.Parametersparames=myCamera.getParameters();//获得参数对象
parames.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);//设置图片格式
parames.setPreviewSize(640,480);//这里面的参数只能是几个特定的参数,否则会报错.(176*144,320*240,352*288,480*360,640*480)
myCamera.setParameters(parames);
还有自动对焦,当然有些手机没有这个功能,自动对焦是通过autoFocus()这个方法调用一个自动对焦的接口,并在里面进行处理。
注意,这个方法必须在startPreview()和stopPreview()中间。
AutoFocusCallback是自动对焦的接口,实现它必须实现publicvoidonAutoFocus(booleansuccess,Cameracamera)这个方法,
所以我们可以将拍照方法放在这里面,然后对焦后再进行拍摄。。效果会好很多。
注意自动对焦需要添加<uses-featureandroid:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus"/>
下面我叫直接把上面的使用例子直接写出。
CameraTest_4.java
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.graphics.PixelFormat; import android.hardware.Camera; import android.hardware.Camera.AutoFocusCallback; import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.SurfaceHolder; import android.view.SurfaceView; import android.view.View; import android.view.Window; import android.view.SurfaceHolder.Callback; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; public class CameraTest_4 extends Activity implements Callback, OnClickListener, AutoFocusCallback{ SurfaceView mySurfaceView;//surfaceView声明 SurfaceHolder holder;//surfaceHolder声明 Camera myCamera;//相机声明 String filePath="/sdcard/wjh.jpg";//照片保存路径 boolean isClicked = false;//是否点击标识 //创建jpeg图片回调数据对象 PictureCallback jpeg = new PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try {// 获得图片 Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length); File file = new File(filePath); BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file)); bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, bos);//将图片压缩到流中 bos.flush();//输出 bos.close();//关闭 }catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);//无标题 //设置拍摄方向 this.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE); setContentView(R.layout.main); //获得控件 mySurfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(R.id.surfaceView1); //获得句柄 holder = mySurfaceView.getHolder(); //添加回调 holder.addCallback(this); //设置类型 holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS); //设置监听 mySurfaceView.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //设置参数并开始预览 Camera.Parameters params = myCamera.getParameters(); params.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG); params.setPreviewSize(640,480); myCamera.setParameters(params); myCamera.startPreview(); } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //开启相机 if(myCamera == null) { myCamera = Camera.open(); try { myCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //关闭预览并释放资源 myCamera.stopPreview(); myCamera.release(); myCamera = null; } @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(!isClicked) { myCamera.autoFocus(this);//自动对焦 isClicked = true; }else { myCamera.startPreview();//开启预览 isClicked = false; } } @Override public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(success) { //设置参数,并拍照 Camera.Parameters params = myCamera.getParameters(); params.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG); params.setPreviewSize(640,480); myCamera.setParameters(params); myCamera.takePicture(null, null, jpeg); } } }
main.xml
<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" androidrientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <surfaceview android:id="@+id/surfaceView1" android:layout_width="640px" android:layout_height="480px" android:layout_gravity="center">
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.wjh.camera" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"></uses-permission> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".CameraTest_4" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>