Neptune 2016-08-10
Linux中Nginx安装与配置详解(CentOS-6.5:nginx-1.5.0)。
1 Nginx简介
Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的,第一个公开版本0.1.0发布于2004年10月4日。其将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布,因它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名。2011年6月1日,nginx 1.0.4发布。
2 Nginx下载
1)pcre
http://www.pcre.org/
2)nginx
http://nginx.org/
3)本次安装所有的软件资源包地址
到安科网资源站下载:
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具体下载目录在 /2016年资料/8月/10日/Linux中Nginx安装与配置详解/
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3 Nginx安装
3.1 安装前的准备
1)准备 pcre-8.12.tar.gz。该文件为正则表达式库。让nginx支持rewrite需要安装这个库。
2) 准备 nginx-1.5.0.tar.gz。该文件为nginx的linux版本安装文件。
3)确保进行了安装了linux常用必备支持库。
在CentOS安装软件的时候,可能缺少一部分支持库,而报错。这里首先安装系统常用的支持库。那么在安装的时候就会减少很多的错误的出现。
# yum install -y gcc gdb strace gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs patch e2fsprogs-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libevent-devel libevent uuid-devel uuid mysql-devel
3.2 正则表达式库安装
1)确保进行了安装了linux常用必备支持库。检查是否安装了g++、gcc。rpm -qa | grep gcc 之后需要出现3个包如下图所示。如果没有出现。需要安装g++、gcc。
# yum install gcc-c++
2) 上传pcre-8.12.tar.gz, nginx-1.5.0.tar.gz 到 /usr/local/src/nginx目录下。
3)解压pcre-8.12.tar.gz
# cd /usr/local/src/nginx
# tar zxvf pcre-8.12.tar.gz
4)进入解压后的目录
# cd pcre-8.12
5)配置
# ./configure
6) 编译
# make
7) 安装
# make install
3.3 Nginx安装
0) 创建用户nginx使用的www用户。
# groupadd www #添加www组
# useradd -g www www -s /bin/false #创建nginx运行账户www并加入到www组,不允许www用户直接登录系统
创建安装目录与日志目录
a) 安装目录
# mkdir /usr/local/nginx
b) 日志目录
# mkdir /data0/logs/nginx
# chown www:www /data0/logs/nginx -R
1) 判断系统是否安装了zlib-devel。如果没有安装。使用
# yum install -y zlib-devel
2) 解压
# cd /usr/local/src/nginx
# tar zxvf nginx-1.5.0.tar.gz
3) 进入目录
# cd nginx-1.5.0
4) 配置。通常将软件安装在/usr/local/目录下。
# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module
5)编译
# make
6) 安装
# make install
7) 检查是否安装成功
# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
# ./nginx -t
结果显示:
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
3.4 配置防火墙80端口
#修改防火墙配置:
# vi + /etc/sysconfig/iptables
#添加配置项
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
#重启防火墙
# service iptables restart
3.5 上传配置文件
1)上传nginx.conf (文件下载地址见上面的安科网资源站)
# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
# rz nginx.conf
2) 上传fastcgi_params.phis
# rz fastcgi_params.phis
3.6 启动停止重启与测试
1)启动
#方法1
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#方法2
# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
# ./nginx
2) 停止
#查询nginx主进程号
ps -ef | grep nginx
#停止进程
kill -QUIT 主进程号
#快速停止
kill -TERM 主进程号
#强制停止
pkill -9 nginx
3) 重启(首次启动需:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
4)测试
#测试端口
netstat -na | grep 80
#浏览器中测试
http://ip:80
3.7 配置Nginx支持php
1)方式一:手动修改
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编辑配置文件
user www www; #首行user去掉注释,修改Nginx运行组为www www;必须与/usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf中的user,group配置相同,否则php运行出错
index index.php index.html index.htm; #添加index.php
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
#root html;#此处和server下面root保持一致,默认为html
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
#fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
注意:取消FastCGI server部分location的注释,并要注意fastcgi_param行的参数,改为/data/webroot/(此为网站根目录绝对路径)$fastcgi_script_name
/etc/init.d/nginx restart #重启nginx
2)方式二:上传配置文件
如3.5节操作方式,或手动填写配置文件
# vi /usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section name="global_options">
Pid file
<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php5/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<value name="error_log">/data0/logs/php/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level notice alert, error, warn, notice, debug
<value name="log_level">warn</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value name="name">default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
<value name="backlog">1024</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<value name="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value name="php_defines">
<!-- <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value> -->
<value name="display_errors">1</value>
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes
<value name="group">www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<value name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value name="max_children">384</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_terminate_timeout">30s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<value name="slowlog">/data0/logs/php/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value name="max_requests">1024</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
2) 重启php-fpm与nginx
# cd /usr/local/php5/sbin
# ./php-fpm restart
# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
# ./nginx -s reload
更多Nginx相关教程见以下内容:
Nginx 的详细介绍:请点这里
Nginx 的下载地址:请点这里