Neptune 2016-08-10
Linux中Nginx安装与配置详解(CentOS-6.5:nginx-1.5.0)。
1 Nginx简介
Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的,第一个公开版本0.1.0发布于2004年10月4日。其将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布,因它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名。2011年6月1日,nginx 1.0.4发布。
2 Nginx下载
1)pcre
    http://www.pcre.org/
    2)nginx
    http://nginx.org/
3)本次安装所有的软件资源包地址
到安科网资源站下载:
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具体下载目录在 /2016年资料/8月/10日/Linux中Nginx安装与配置详解/
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3 Nginx安装
3.1 安装前的准备
    1)准备 pcre-8.12.tar.gz。该文件为正则表达式库。让nginx支持rewrite需要安装这个库。
    2) 准备 nginx-1.5.0.tar.gz。该文件为nginx的linux版本安装文件。
    3)确保进行了安装了linux常用必备支持库。
在CentOS安装软件的时候,可能缺少一部分支持库,而报错。这里首先安装系统常用的支持库。那么在安装的时候就会减少很多的错误的出现。
# yum install -y gcc gdb strace gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs patch e2fsprogs-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libevent-devel libevent uuid-devel uuid mysql-devel
3.2 正则表达式库安装
    1)确保进行了安装了linux常用必备支持库。检查是否安装了g++、gcc。rpm -qa | grep gcc 之后需要出现3个包如下图所示。如果没有出现。需要安装g++、gcc。
# yum install gcc-c++

     2) 上传pcre-8.12.tar.gz, nginx-1.5.0.tar.gz 到 /usr/local/src/nginx目录下。
    
    3)解压pcre-8.12.tar.gz
    # cd /usr/local/src/nginx
    # tar zxvf pcre-8.12.tar.gz
    
    4)进入解压后的目录
    # cd pcre-8.12 
    
    5)配置
    #  ./configure
    6) 编译
    #  make
    7) 安装
    #  make install
   
3.3 Nginx安装
    0) 创建用户nginx使用的www用户。
    # groupadd  www  #添加www组    
    # useradd -g  www www -s /bin/false  #创建nginx运行账户www并加入到www组,不允许www用户直接登录系统
    
    创建安装目录与日志目录
    a) 安装目录
    # mkdir /usr/local/nginx
    b) 日志目录
    # mkdir /data0/logs/nginx
    # chown www:www /data0/logs/nginx -R
    
    1) 判断系统是否安装了zlib-devel。如果没有安装。使用
    # yum install -y zlib-devel

    
    2) 解压
    # cd /usr/local/src/nginx
    # tar zxvf nginx-1.5.0.tar.gz
    
    3) 进入目录
    # cd nginx-1.5.0
    
    4) 配置。通常将软件安装在/usr/local/目录下。
    # ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module
    5)编译
    # make
    
    6)  安装
    #  make install
    
    7)  检查是否安装成功
    # cd  /usr/local/nginx/sbin
    # ./nginx -t 
    结果显示:
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
3.4 配置防火墙80端口
    #修改防火墙配置: 
    # vi + /etc/sysconfig/iptables
    #添加配置项 
    -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
    #重启防火墙 
    # service iptables restart
3.5 上传配置文件
    1)上传nginx.conf (文件下载地址见上面的安科网资源站)
    # cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
    # rz nginx.conf
    2) 上传fastcgi_params.phis
    # rz fastcgi_params.phis
3.6 启动停止重启与测试
    1)启动
        #方法1
        # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        #方法2
        # cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
        # ./nginx
    2) 停止
        #查询nginx主进程号 
        ps -ef | grep nginx
        #停止进程 
        kill -QUIT 主进程号 
        #快速停止 
        kill -TERM 主进程号 
        #强制停止 
        pkill -9 nginx
    
    3) 重启(首次启动需:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf)
        /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    
    4)测试
        #测试端口 
        netstat -na | grep 80
        #浏览器中测试 
        http://ip:80
   
3.7 配置Nginx支持php
    1)方式一:手动修改
    vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf      #编辑配置文件    
    user  www  www;          #首行user去掉注释,修改Nginx运行组为www www;必须与/usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf中的user,group配置相同,否则php运行出错    
    index  index.php  index.html index.htm;    #添加index.php    
    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000    
    #    
    location ~ \.php$ {    
      #root          html;#此处和server下面root保持一致,默认为html    
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;    
      fastcgi_index  index.php;    
      #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name; 
      fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;  
      include        fastcgi_params; 
    }
        
    注意:取消FastCGI server部分location的注释,并要注意fastcgi_param行的参数,改为/data/webroot/(此为网站根目录绝对路径)$fastcgi_script_name
    
    /etc/init.d/nginx restart  #重启nginx
    2)方式二:上传配置文件
如3.5节操作方式,或手动填写配置文件
# vi /usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section name="global_options">
  Pid file
  <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php5/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
  Error log file
  <value name="error_log">/data0/logs/php/php-fpm.log</value>
  Log level notice alert, error, warn, notice, debug
  <value name="log_level">warn</value>
  When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
  <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
  ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
  Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
  <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
  Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
  <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
  Set to 'no' to debug fpm
  <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
   Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
   <value name="name">default</value>
   Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
   Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
   <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value name="listen_options">
    Set listen(2) backlog
    <value name="backlog">1024</value>
    Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
    In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
    Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
    <value name="owner"></value>
    <value name="group"></value>
    <value name="mode">0666</value>
   </value>
   Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
   <value name="php_defines">
  <!--  <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>  -->
    <value name="display_errors">1</value>       
   </value>
   Unix user of processes
   <value name="user">www</value>   
   Unix group of processes
   <value name="group">www</value> 
   Process manager settings
   <value name="pm">
    Sets style of controling worker process count.
    Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
    <value name="style">static</value>
    Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
    Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
    Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
    Used with any pm_style.
    <value name="max_children">384</value>
    Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
    <value name="apache_like">
     Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
     Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
     <value name="StartServers">20</value>
     Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
     Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
     <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
     Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
     Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
     <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
   The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
   Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
   '0s' means 'off'
   <value name="request_terminate_timeout">30s</value>
   The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
   '0s' means 'off'
                        <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
   The log file for slow requests
   <value name="slowlog">/data0/logs/php/slow.log</value>
   Set open file desc rlimit
   <value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>
   Set max core size rlimit
   <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
   Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
   <value name="chroot"></value>
   Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
   <value name="chdir"></value>
   Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
   If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
   <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
   How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
   Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
   For endless request processing please specify 0
   Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
   <value name="max_requests">1024</value>
   Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
   Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
   Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
   <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
   Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
   All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
   <value name="environment">
    <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
    <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
    <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
    <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
    <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
    <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
    <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
    <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
   </value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
    2) 重启php-fpm与nginx
    # cd /usr/local/php5/sbin
    # ./php-fpm restart
    # cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
    # ./nginx -s reload
更多Nginx相关教程见以下内容:
Nginx 的详细介绍:请点这里
Nginx 的下载地址:请点这里