LHpython 2018-09-19
由于最近需要做项目,需要进行分词等,查了资料之后,发现python NLTK很强大,于是就想试试看。在网上找了很多安装资料,都不太完整,下载的时候也总是会出现一点小意外,最后终于也安装成功了,所以分享下经验。
初学者,请高手指出不合理的地方。
我的工作站环境是Win10 64 + Python 2.7.12 64 bit。
按照NLTK上安装主页上的指引如下:
Source installation (for 32-bit or 64-bit Windows) 1.Install Python: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.7.3/ 2.Install Numpy (optional): http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numpy 3.Install Setuptools: http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.7/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.win32-py2.7.exe 4.Install Pip: Start>Run... c:\Python27\Scripts\easy_install pip 5.Install PyYAML and NLTK: Start>Run... c:\Python27\Scripts\pip install pyyaml nltk 6.Test installation: Start>All Programs>Python27>IDLE, then type import nltk
前3步的安装都比较简单,如果为了更好的编辑,也可以安装一下编辑软件,如PyCharm,Sublime text2/3等等。在安装的时候要注意安装路径,最好不要出现中文。
我在安装第4步的时候出现了一点小问题,执行命令后报错:Python version 2.7 required, which was not found in the registry,于是我又到网上查了资料,解决方法是:
1)自己新建一个register.py文件,在文件中复制黏贴以下内容,然后保存到自己的路径,我是直接放到pyhon的安装文件夹中;
# # script to register Python 2.0 or later for use with win32all # and other extensions that require Python registry settings # # written by Joakim Loew for Secret Labs AB / PythonWare # # source: # http://www.pythonware.com/products/works/articles/regpy20.htm # # modified by Valentine Gogichashvili as described in http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10512.html import sys from _winreg import * # tweak as necessary version = sys.version[:3] installpath = sys.prefix regpath = "SOFTWARE\\Python\\Pythoncore\\%s\\" % (version) installkey = "InstallPath" pythonkey = "PythonPath" pythonpath = "%s;%s\\Lib\\;%s\\DLLs\\" % ( installpath, installpath, installpath ) def RegisterPy(): try: reg = OpenKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, regpath) except EnvironmentError as e: try: reg = CreateKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, regpath) SetValue(reg, installkey, REG_SZ, installpath) SetValue(reg, pythonkey, REG_SZ, pythonpath) CloseKey(reg) except: print "*** Unable to register!" return print "--- Python", version, "is now registered!" return if (QueryValue(reg, installkey) == installpath and QueryValue(reg, pythonkey) == pythonpath): CloseKey(reg) print "=== Python", version, "is already registered!" return CloseKey(reg) print "*** Unable to register!" print "*** You probably have another Python installation!" if __name__ == "__main__": RegisterPy()
2)Ctrl+R打开cmd,然后进入python的安装目录(如果有配置环境变量的话,就不用这么麻烦了,可以直接命令操作),输入:python register.py(这个是刚才存错register.py的路径,如D:\register.py)。出现Python 2.7 is already registered!则表示配置成功。
3)接着,进入Scripts目录,输入:easy_install pip,提示安装成功。
第5步是安装PyYAML和NLTK。直接在刚才的目录中输入:pip install pyyaml nltk,这时会提示安装是否成功,若安装成功可以接着下一步。
此时,就可以到IDLE中进行下载NLTK的数据包:
稍等一会,就出现了如下的页面,弹出如下窗口,即完成了。我是选择下载了所有的data,你可以根据自己的需要进行下载。要等很久才会完成这个过程,慢慢来,最后就可以测试啦。