蓝蓝的天 2019-06-21
App在后台久置后,再次从桌面或最近的任务列表唤醒时经常会发生崩溃,这往往是App在后台被系统杀死,再次恢复的时候遇到了问题,而在使用FragmentActivity+Fragment的时候会更加频繁。比如,如果Fragment没有提供默认构造方法,就会在重建的时候因为反射创建Fragment失败而崩溃,再比如,在onCreate里面new 一个FragmentDialog,并且show,被后台杀死后,再次唤醒的时候,就会show两个对话框,这是为什么?其实这就涉及了后台杀死及恢复的机制,其中涉及的知识点主要是FragmentActivity、ActivityManagerService、LowMemoryKiller机制、ActivityStack、Binder等一系列知识点。放在一篇文章里面可能会有些长,因此,Android后台杀死系列写了三篇:
开篇:FragmentActivity及PhoneWindow后台杀死处理机制
原理篇1:后台杀死与LowmemoryKiller(主要讲述App被后台杀死的原理)
原理篇2:后台杀死与App现场恢复(主要讲述AMS如何为App恢复现场的原理)
本篇是Android后台杀死系列的第一篇,主要讲解在开发过程中,由于后台杀死涉及的一些崩溃,以及如何避免这些崩溃,还有就是简单的介绍一下onSaveInstanceState与onRestoreInstanceState执行时机与原理,这两个函数也是Android面试时常问的两个点,是比简单的启动模式Activity声明周期稍微更深入细致一些的地方,也通过这个点引入后台杀死及恢复原理。
当App被后台异常杀死后,再次点击icon,或者从最近任务列表进入的时候,系统会帮助恢复当时的场景,重新创建Activity,对于FragmentActivity,由于其中有Framgent,逻辑会相对再复杂一些,系统会首先重建被销毁的Fragment。
我们创建一个Activity,并且在onCreate函数中新建并show一个DialogFragment,之后通过某种方式将APP异常杀死(RogueKiller模拟后台杀死工具),再次从最近的任务唤起App的时候,会发现显示了两个DialogFragment,代码如下:
public class DialogFragmentActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); DialogFragment dialogFragment = new FragmentDlg(); dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), ""); }
这不仅让我们奇怪,为什么呢?虽然被杀死了,但是onCreate函数在执行的时候还是只执行了一次啊,为什么会出现两个DialogFragment,这里其实就有一个DialogFragment是通过Android自身的恢复重建机制重建出来,在异常杀死的情况下onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)函数的savedInstanceState参数也不是null,而是包含了被杀死时所保存的场景信息。再来看个崩溃的例子,新建一个CrashFragment,并且丢弃默认无参构造方法:
public class CrashFragment extends Fragment { public CrashFragment(String tag) { super(); } }
之后再Activity中Add或replace添加这个CrashFragment,在CrashFragment显示后,通过RogueKiller模拟后台杀死工具模拟后台杀死,再次从最近任务列表里唤起App的时候,就会遇到崩溃,
Caused by: android.support.v4.app.Fragment$InstantiationException: Unable to instantiate fragment xxx.CrashFragment: make sure class name exists, is public, and has an empty constructor that is public at android.support.v4.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:431) at android.support.v4.app.FragmentState.instantiate(Fragment.java:102) at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.restoreAllState(FragmentManager.java:1952) at android.support.v4.app.FragmentController.restoreAllState(FragmentController.java:144) at android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity.onCreate(FragmentActivity.java:307) at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity.onCreate(AppCompatActivity.java:81)
上面的这两个问题主要涉及后台杀死后FragmentActivity自身的恢复机制,其实super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)在恢复时做了很多我们没有看到的事情,先看一下崩溃:
看一下support-V4中FragmentActivity中onCreate代码如下:
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { mFragments.attachHost(null /*parent*/); super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ... if (savedInstanceState != null) { Parcelable p = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(FRAGMENTS_TAG); mFragments.restoreAllState(p, nc != null ? nc.fragments : null); } mFragments.dispatchCreate(); }
可以看到如果savedInstanceState != null,就会执行mFragments.restoreAllState逻辑,其实这里就牵扯到恢复时重建逻辑,再被后台异常杀死前,或者说在Activity的onStop执行前,Activity的现场以及Fragment的现场都是已经被保存过的,其实是被保存早ActivityManagerService中,保存的格式FragmentState,重建的时候,会采用反射机制重新创Fragment
void restoreAllState(Parcelable state, List<Fragment> nonConfig) { ... for (int i=0; i<fms.mActive.length; i++) { FragmentState fs = fms.mActive[i]; if (fs != null) { Fragment f = fs.instantiate(mHost, mParent); mActive.add(f); ...
其实就是调用FragmentState的instantiate,进而调用Fragment的instantiate,最后通过反射,构建Fragment,也就是,被加到FragmentActivity的Fragment在恢复的时候,会被自动创建,并且采用Fragment的默认无参构造方法,如果没哟这个方法,就会抛出InstantiationException异常,这也是为什么第二个例子中会出现崩溃的原因。
*/ public static Fragment instantiate(Context context, String fname, @Nullable Bundle args) { try { Class<?> clazz = sClassMap.get(fname); if (clazz == null) { // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it clazz = context.getClassLoader().loadClass(fname); sClassMap.put(fname, clazz); } Fragment f = (Fragment)clazz.newInstance(); if (args != null) { args.setClassLoader(f.getClass().getClassLoader()); f.mArguments = args; } return f; } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an" + " empty constructor that is public", e); } catch (java.lang.InstantiationException e) { throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an" + " empty constructor that is public", e); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an" + " empty constructor that is public", e); } }
可以看到场景二提示的errormsg跟抛出的异常是可以对应上的,其实Fragment源码里面也说得很清楚:
/** * Default constructor. <strong>Every</strong> fragment must have an * empty constructor, so it can be instantiated when restoring its * activity's state. It is strongly recommended that subclasses do not * have other constructors with parameters, since these constructors * will not be called when the fragment is re-instantiated; instead, * arguments can be supplied by the caller with {@link #setArguments} * and later retrieved by the Fragment with {@link #getArguments}. * * <p>Applications should generally not implement a constructor. The * first place application code an run where the fragment is ready to * be used is in {@link #onAttach(Activity)}, the point where the fragment * is actually associated with its activity. Some applications may also * want to implement {@link #onInflate} to retrieve attributes from a * layout resource, though should take care here because this happens for * the fragment is attached to its activity. */ public Fragment() { }
大意就是,Fragment必须有一个空构造方法,这样才能保证重建流程,并且,Fragment的子类也不推荐有带参数的构造方法,最好采用setArguments来保存参数。下面再来看下为什么会出现两个DialogFragment。
Fragment在被创建之后,如果不通过add或者replace添加到Activity的布局中是不会显示的,在保存现场的时候,也是保存了add的这个状态的,来看一下Fragment的add逻辑:此时被后台杀死,或旋转屏幕,被恢复的DialogFragmentActivity时会出现两个FragmentDialog,一个被系统恢复的,一个新建的。
Add一个Fragment,并显示的原理--所谓Fragment生命周期
通常我们FragmentActivity使用Fragment的方法如下:假设是在oncreate函数中:
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Fragment fr = Fragment.instance("") getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction() .add(R.id.container,fr).commit();
其中getSupportFragmentManager返回的是FragmentManager的子类FragmentManagerImpl,FragmentManagerImpl是FragmentActivity的一个内部类,其Fragment的管理逻辑都是由FragmentManagerImpl来处理的,本文是基于4.3,后面的高版本引入了FragmentController其实也只是多了一层封装,原理差别不是太大,有兴趣可以自己分析:
public class FragmentActivity extends Activity{ ... final FragmentManagerImpl mFragments = new FragmentManagerImpl(); ... final FragmentContainer mContainer = new FragmentContainer() { @Override @Nullable public View findViewById(int id) { return FragmentActivity.this.findViewById(id); } @Override public boolean hasView() { Window window = FragmentActivity.this.getWindow(); return (window != null && window.peekDecorView() != null); } };
FragmentManagerImpl的beginTransaction()函数返回的是一个BackStackRecord()
@Override public FragmentTransaction beginTransaction() { return new (this); }
从名字就可以看出,beginTransaction是为FragmentActivity生成一条Transaction(事务),可以执行,也可以反向,作为退栈的一个依据,FragmentTransaction的add函数实现如下,
public FragmentTransaction add(Fragment fragment, String tag) { doAddOp(0, fragment, tag, OP_ADD);//异步操作的,跟Hander类似 return this; }
private void doAddOp(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment, String tag, int opcmd) { fragment.mFragmentManager = mManager; ... Op op = new Op(); op.cmd = opcmd; op.fragment = fragment; addOp(op); }
之后commit这个Transaction, 将Transaction插入到Transaction队列中去,最终会回调FragmentManager的addFragment方法,将Fragment添加FragmentManagerImpl到维护Fragment列表中去,并且根据当前的Activity状态,将Fragment调整到合适的状态,代码如下:
public void addFragment(Fragment fragment, boolean moveToStateNow) { if (mAdded == null) { mAdded = new ArrayList<Fragment>(); } makeActive(fragment); if (!fragment.mDetached) { if (mAdded.contains(fragment)) { throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment already added: " + fragment); } mAdded.add(fragment); fragment.mAdded = true; fragment.mRemoving = false; if (fragment.mHasMenu && fragment.mMenuVisible) { mNeedMenuInvalidate = true; } if (moveToStateNow) { moveToState(fragment); } } }
为什么说FragmentManager是FragmentActivity管理Fragment的核心呢,请看下面:
final class FragmentManagerImpl extends FragmentManager implements LayoutInflaterFactory { ... ArrayList<Runnable> mPendingActions; Runnable[] mTmpActions; boolean mExecutingActions; ArrayList<Fragment> mActive; ArrayList<Fragment> mAdded; ArrayList<Integer> mAvailIndices; ArrayList<BackStackRecord> mBackStack;
可以看出FragmentManagerImpl帮FragmentActivity维护着所有管理Fragment的列表,FragmentManagerImpl的State是和Activity的State一致的,这是管理Fragment的关键。其实Fragment自身是没有什么生命周期的,它只是一个View的封装,完全依靠FragmentManagerImpl来进行同步模拟生命周期,比如在onCreate函数中创建Fragment,add后,在执行的到Activity自身的onCreateView之前,Fragment的onCreateView是不会执行的,也就是Fragment是被动式的跟FragmentActivity保持一致。既然Fragment只是个View的封装,那么它是如何转换成View,并添加到Container中去的呢?关键是moveToState函数,这个函数强制将新add的Fragment的生命周期与Activity同步:
void moveToState(Fragment f, int newState, int transit, int transitionStyle, boolean keepActive) { ... if (f.mState < newState) { //低于当前Activity的状态 switch (f.mState) { case Fragment.INITIALIZING: ... f.mActivity = mActivity; f.mParentFragment = mParent; f.mFragmentManager = mParent != null ? mParent.mChildFragmentManager : mActivity.mFragments; f.mCalled = false; f.onAttach(mActivity); ... if (!f.mRetaining) { f.performCreate(f.mSavedFragmentState); } case Fragment.CREATED: if (newState > Fragment.CREATED) { f.mView = f.performCreateView(f.getLayoutInflater( f.mSavedFragmentState), container, f.mSavedFragmentState); f.onViewCreated(f.mView, f.mSavedFragmentState); f.performActivityCreated(f.mSavedFragmentState); if (f.mView != null) { f.restoreViewState(f.mSavedFragmentState); } f.mSavedFragmentState = null; } case Fragment.ACTIVITY_CREATED: case Fragment.STOPPED: if (newState > Fragment.STOPPED) { f.performStart(); } case Fragment.STARTED: if (newState > Fragment.STARTED) { f.mResumed = true; f.performResume();
可以看出,add Fragment之后,需要让Fragment跟当前Activity的State保持一致。现在回归正题,对于后台杀死状态下,为什么会show两个DialogFragment呢,我们需要接着看就要Fragment的异常处理的流程,在Fragment没有无参构造方法会引发崩溃里面,分析只是走到了Fragment的构建,现在接着往下走。提供无参构造函数后,Fragment可以正确的新建出来,之后呢?之后就是一些恢复逻辑,接着看restoreAllState
void restoreAllState(Parcelable state, ArrayList<Fragment> nonConfig) { if (state == null) return; FragmentManagerState fms = (FragmentManagerState)state; mActive = new ArrayList<Fragment>(fms.mActive.length); for (int i=0; i<fms.mActive.length; i++) { FragmentState fs = fms.mActive[i]; if (fs != null) { Fragment f = fs.instantiate(mActivity, mParent); mActive.add(f); fs.mInstance = null; // Build the list of currently added fragments. if (fms.mAdded != null) { mAdded = new ArrayList<Fragment>(fms.mAdded.length); for (int i=0; i<fms.mAdded.length; i++) { Fragment f = mActive.get(fms.mAdded[i]); if (f == null) { throwException(new IllegalStateException( "No instantiated fragment for index #" + fms.mAdded[i])); } f.mAdded = true; if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: added #" + i + ": " + f); if (mAdded.contains(f)) { throw new IllegalStateException("Already added!"); } mAdded.add(f); } // Build the back stack. if (fms.mBackStack != null) { mBackStack = new ArrayList<BackStackRecord>(fms.mBackStack.length); for (int i=0; i<fms.mBackStack.length; i++) { BackStackRecord bse = fms.mBackStack[i].instantiate(this); mBackStack.add(bse); if (bse.mIndex >= 0) { setBackStackIndex(bse.mIndex, bse); }
其实到现在现在Fragment相关的信息已经恢复成功了,之后随着FragmentActivity周期显示或者更新了,这些都是被杀死后,在FragmentActiivyt的onCreate函数处理的,也就是默认已经将之前的Fragment添加到mAdded列表中去了,但是,在场景一,我们有手动新建了一个Fragment,并添加进去,所以,mAdded函数中就有连个两个Fragment。这样,在FragmentActivity调用onStart函数之后,会新建mAdded列表中Fragment的视图,将其添加到相应的container中去,并在Activity调用onReusume的时候,显示出来做的,这个时候,就会显示两份,其实如果,在这个时候,你再杀死一次,恢复,就会显示三分,在杀死,重启,就是四份。。。。
@Override protected void onStart() { super.onStart(); mStopped = false; mReallyStopped = false; mHandler.removeMessages(MSG_REALLY_STOPPED); if (!mCreated) { mCreated = true; mFragments.dispatchActivityCreated(); } mFragments.noteStateNotSaved(); mFragments.execPendingActions(); mFragments.doLoaderStart(); // NOTE: HC onStart goes here. mFragments.dispatchStart(); mFragments.reportLoaderStart(); }
以上就是针对两个场景,对FramgentActivity的一些分析,主要是回复时候,对于Framgent的一些处理。
在在点击home键,或者跳转其他界面的时候,都会回调用onSaveInstanceState,但是再次唤醒却不一定调用OnRestoreInstance,这是为什么呢?onSaveInstanceState与OnRestoreInstance难道不是配对使用的?在Android中,onSaveInstanceState是为了预防Activity被后台杀死的情况做的预处理,如果Activity没有被后台杀死,那么自然也就不需要进行现场的恢复,也就不会调用OnRestoreInstance,而大多数情况下,Activity不会那么快被杀死。
onSaveInstanceState函数是Android针对可能被后台杀死的Activity做的一种预防,它的执行时机在2.3之前是在onPause之前,2.3之后,放在了onStop函数之前,也就说Activity失去焦点后,可能会由于内存不足,被回收的情况下,都会去执行onSaveInstanceState。对于startActivity函数的调用很多文章都有介绍,可以简单参考下老罗的博客Android应用程序内部启动Activity过程(startActivity)的源代码分析,比如在Activity A 调用startActivity启动Activity B的时候,会首先通过AMS pause Activity A,之后唤起B,在B显示,再stop A,在stop A的时候,需要保存A的现场,因为不可见的Activity都是可能被后台杀死的,比如,在开发者选项中打开不保留活动,就会达到这种效果,在启动另一个Activity时,上一个Activity的保存流程大概如下,这里先简单描述,在下一篇原理篇的时候,会详细讲解下流程:
在2.3之后,onSaveInstanceState的时机都放在了onStop之前,看一下FragmentActivity的onSaveInstanceState源码:
@Override protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); Parcelable p = mFragments.saveAllState(); if (p != null) { outState.putParcelable(FRAGMENTS_TAG, p); } }
可以看出,首先就是父类的onSaveInstanceState,主要是保存一些窗口及View的信息,比如ViewPager当前显示的是第几个View等。之后,就是就是通过FragmentManager的saveAllState,来保存FragmentActivity自身的现场-Fragment的一些状态,这些数据是FragmentActivity恢复Framgent所必须的数据,处理不好就会出现上面的那种异常。
之前已经说过,OnRestoreInstanceState虽然与onSaveInstanceState是配对实现的,但是其调用却并非完全成对的,在Activity跳转或者返回主界面时,onSaveInstanceState是一定会调用的,但是OnRestoreInstanceState却不会,它只有Activity或者App被异常杀死,走恢复流程的时候才会被调用。如果没有被异常杀死,不走Activity的恢复新建流程,也就不会回调OnRestoreInstanceState,简单看一下Activity的加载流程图:
可以看出,OnRestoreInstanceState的调用时机是在onStart之后,在onPostCreate之前。那么正常的创建为什么没调用呢?看一下ActivityThread中启动Activity的源码:
private Activity performLaunchActivity(Activi ... mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state); r.activity = activity; r.stopped = true; if (!r.activity.mFinished) { activity.performStart(); r.stopped = false; } if (!r.activity.mFinished) { if (r.state != null) { mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state); } } if (!r.activity.mFinished) { activity.mCalled = false; mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state); } }
可以看出,只有r.state != null的时候,才通过mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState回调OnRestoreInstanceState,r.state就是ActivityManagerService通过Binder传给ActivityThread数据,主要用来做场景恢复。以上就是onSaveInstanceState与OnRestoreInstance执行时机的一些分析。下面结合具体的系统View控件来分析一下这两个函数的具体应用:比如ViewPager与FragmentTabHost,这两个空间是主界面最常用的控件,内部对后台杀死做了兼容,这也是为什么被杀死后,Viewpager在恢复后,能自动定位到上次浏览的位置。
首先看一下ViewPager做的兼容,ViewPager在后台杀死的情况下,仍然能恢复到上次关闭的位置,这也是对体验的一种优化,这其中的原理是什么?之前分析onSaveInstanceState与onRestoreInstanceState的时候,只关注了Fragment的处理,其实还有一些针对Window窗口及Vie的处理,先看一下onSaveInstanceState针对窗口保存了什么:
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { outState.putBundle(WINDOW_HIERARCHY_TAG, mWindow.saveHierarchyState()); }
PhonwWinow.java
@Override public Bundle saveHierarchyState() { Bundle outState = new Bundle(); if (mContentParent == null) { return outState; } SparseArray<Parcelable> states = new SparseArray<Parcelable>(); mContentParent.saveHierarchyState(states); outState.putSparseParcelableArray(VIEWS_TAG, states); // save the focused view id View focusedView = mContentParent.findFocus(); ... outState.putInt(FOCUSED_ID_TAG, focusedView.getId()); // save the panels if (panelStates.size() > 0) { outState.putSparseParcelableArray(PANELS_TAG, panelStates); } if (mActionBar != null) { outState.putSparseParcelableArray(ACTION_BAR_TAG, actionBarStates); } return outState; }
Window其实就是PhonwWinow,saveHierarchyState其实就是针对当前窗口中的View保存一些场景信息 ,比如:当前获取焦点的View的id、ActionBar、View的一些状态,当然saveHierarchyState递归遍历所有子View,保存所有需要保存的状态:
ViewGroup.java
@Override protected void dispatchSaveInstanceState(SparseArray<Parcelable> container) { super.dispatchSaveInstanceState(container); final int count = mChildrenCount; final View[] children = mChildren; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { View c = children[i]; if ((c.mViewFlags & PARENT_SAVE_DISABLED_MASK) != PARENT_SAVE_DISABLED) { c.dispatchSaveInstanceState(container); } } }
可见,该函数首先通过super.dispatchSaveInstanceState保存自身的状态,再递归传递给子View。onSaveInstanceState主要用于获取View需要保存的State,并将自身的ID作为Key,存储到SparseArray<Parcelable> states列表中,其实就PhoneWindow的一个列表,这些数据最后会通过Binder保存到ActivityManagerService中去
View.java
protected void dispatchSaveInstanceState(SparseArray<Parcelable> container) { if (mID != NO_ID && (mViewFlags & SAVE_DISABLED_MASK) == 0) { mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SAVE_STATE_CALLED; Parcelable state = onSaveInstanceState(); if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SAVE_STATE_CALLED) == 0) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Derived class did not call super.onSaveInstanceState()"); } if (state != null) { container.put(mID, state); } } }
那么针对ViewPager到底存储了什么信息?通过下面的代码很容易看出,其实就是新建个了一个SavedState场景数据,并且将当前的位置mCurItem存进去。
@Override public Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() { Parcelable superState = super.onSaveInstanceState(); SavedState ss = new SavedState(superState); ss.position = mCurItem; if (mAdapter != null) { ss.adapterState = mAdapter.saveState(); } return ss; }
到这里存储的事情基本就完成了。接下来看一下ViewPager的恢复以及onRestoreInstanceState到底做了什么,
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { if (mWindow != null) { Bundle windowState = savedInstanceState.getBundle(WINDOW_HIERARCHY_TAG); if (windowState != null) { mWindow.restoreHierarchyState(windowState); } } }
从代码可以看出,其实就是获取当时保存的窗口信息,之后通过mWindow.restoreHierarchyState做数据恢复,
@Override public void restoreHierarchyState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { if (mContentParent == null) { return; } SparseArray<Parcelable> savedStates = savedInstanceState.getSparseParcelableArray(VIEWS_TAG); if (savedStates != null) { mContentParent.restoreHierarchyState(savedStates); } ... if (mActionBar != null) { ... mActionBar.restoreHierarchyState(actionBarStates); } }
对于ViewPager会发生什么?从源码很容易看出,其实就是取出SavedState,并获取到异常杀死的时候的位置,以便后续的恢复,
ViewPager.java
@Override public void onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state) { if (!(state instanceof SavedState)) { super.onRestoreInstanceState(state); return; } SavedState ss = (SavedState)state; super.onRestoreInstanceState(ss.getSuperState()); if (mAdapter != null) { mAdapter.restoreState(ss.adapterState, ss.loader); setCurrentItemInternal(ss.position, false, true); } else { mRestoredCurItem = ss.position; mRestoredAdapterState = ss.adapterState; mRestoredClassLoader = ss.loader; } }
以上就解释了ViewPager是如何通过onSaveInstanceState与onRestoreInstanceState保存、恢复现场的。如果是ViewPager+FragmentAdapter的使用方式,就同时涉及FragmentActivity的恢复、也牵扯到Viewpager的恢复,其实FragmentAdapter也同样针对后台杀死做了一些兼容,防止重复新建Fragment,看一下FragmentAdapter的源码:
FragmentPagerAdapter.java
@Override public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) { if (mCurTransaction == null) { mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction(); } final long itemId = getItemId(position); // Do we already have this fragment? <!--是否已经新建了Fragment??--> String name = makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId); Fragment fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(name); 1 如果Activity中存在相应Tag的Fragment,就不要通过getItem新建 if (fragment != null) { mCurTransaction.attach(fragment); } else { 2 如果Activity中不存在相应Tag的Fragment,就需要通过getItem新建 fragment = getItem(position); mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), fragment, makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId)); } if (fragment != mCurrentPrimaryItem) { FragmentCompat.setMenuVisibility(fragment, false); FragmentCompat.setUserVisibleHint(fragment, false); } return fragment; }
从1与2 可以看出,通过后台恢复,在FragmentActivity的onCreate函数中,会重建Fragment列表,那些被重建的Fragment不会再次通过getItem再次创建,再来看一下相似的控件FragmentTabHost,FragmentTabHost也是主页常用的控件,FragmentTabHost也有相应的后台杀死处理机制,从名字就能看出,这个是专门针对Fragment才创建出来的控件。
FragmentTabHost其实跟ViewPager很相似,在onSaveInstanceState执行的时候保存当前位置,并在onRestoreInstanceState恢复postion,并重新赋值给Tabhost,之后FragmentTabHost在onAttachedToWindow时,就可以根据恢复的postion设置当前位置,代码如下:
FragmentTabHost.java
@Override protected Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() { Parcelable superState = super.onSaveInstanceState(); SavedState ss = new SavedState(superState); ss.curTab = getCurrentTabTag(); return ss; } @Override protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state) { if (!(state instanceof SavedState)) { super.onRestoreInstanceState(state); return; } SavedState ss = (SavedState) state; super.onRestoreInstanceState(ss.getSuperState()); setCurrentTabByTag(ss.curTab); }
在FragmentTabHost执行onAttachedToWindow时候,会首先getCurrentTabTag ,如果是经历了后台杀死,这里得到的值其实是恢复的SavedState里的值,之后通过doTabChanged切换到响应的Tab,注意这里切换的时候,Fragment由于已经重建了,是不会再次新建的。
@Override protected void onAttachedToWindow() { super.onAttachedToWindow(); String currentTab = getCurrentTabTag(); ... ft = doTabChanged(currentTab, ft); if (ft != null) { ft.commit(); mFragmentManager.executePendingTransactions(); } }
最简单的方式,但是效果一般:取消系统恢复
比如:针对FragmentActivity ,不重建:
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { if (savedInstanceState != null) { savedInstanceState.putParcelable(“android:support:fragments”, null);} super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); }
如果是系统的Actvity改成是“android:fragments",不过这里需要注意:对于ViewPager跟FragmentTabHost不需要额外处理,处理了可能反而有反作用。
针对Window,如果不想让View使用恢复逻辑,在基类的FragmentActivity中覆盖onRestoreInstanceState函数即可。
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { }
当然以上的做法都是比较粗暴的做法,最好还是顺着Android的设计,在需要保存现场的地方保存,在需要恢复的地方,去除相应的数据进行恢复。以上就是后台杀死针对FragmentActivity、onSaveInstanceState、onRestoreInstanceState的一些分析,后面会有两篇针对后台杀死原理,以及ActivityManagerService如何处理杀死及恢复的文章。