Apache Curator入门实战
加号Jaryn笔录 2016-09-13
Apache Curator入门实战
Curator是Netflix公司开源的一个Zookeeper客户端，与Zookeeper提供的原生客户端相比，Curator的抽象层次更高，简化了Zookeeper客户端的开发量。
1.Zookeeper安装部署
Zookeeper的部署很简单，如果已经有Java运行环境的话，下载tarball解压后即可运行。
[root@linuxidc Temp]$ wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.6/zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz [root@linuxidc Temp]$ tar zxvf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz [root@linuxidc Temp]$ cd zookeeper-3.4.6 [root@linuxidc zookeeper-3.4.6]$ cp conf/zoo_sample.cfg conf/zoo.cfg [root@linuxidc zookeeper-3.4.6]$ export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/usr/local/src/zookeeper-3.4.5 [root@linuxidc zookeeper-3.4.6]$ export PATH=$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$PATH [root@linuxidc zookeeper-3.4.6]$ bin/zkServer.sh start [root@linuxidc zookeeper-3.4.6]$ bin/zkCli.sh -server 127.0.0.1:2181
2.客户端常用操作
用zkCli.sh连接上Zookeeper服务后，用help能列出所有命令：
[root@BC-VM-edce4ac67d304079868c0bb265337bd4 zookeeper-3.4.6]# bin/zkCli.sh -127.0.0.1:2181
Connecting to localhost:2181
2015-06-11 10:55:14,387 [myid:] - INFO [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.6-1569965, built on 02/20/2014 09:09 GMT
...
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] help
ZooKeeper -server host:port cmd args
connect host:port
get path [watch]
ls path [watch]
set path data [version]
rmr path
delquota [-n|-b] path
quit
printwatches on|off
create [-s] [-e] path data acl
stat path [watch]
close
ls2 path [watch]
history
listquota path
setAcl path acl
getAcl path
sync path
redo cmdno
addauth scheme auth
delete path [version]
setquota -n|-b val path下面就试验一下常用的命令：
- create：创建路径结点。
- ls：查看路径下的所有结点。
- get：获得结点上的值。
- set：修改结点上的值。
- delete：删除结点。
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] create /zktest mydata Created /zktest [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] ls / [zktest, zookeeper] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] ls /zktest [] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] get /zktest mydata cZxid = 0x1c ctime = Thu Jun 11 10:58:06 CST 2015 mZxid = 0x1c mtime = Thu Jun 11 10:58:06 CST 2015 pZxid = 0x1c cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 0 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 6 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] set /zktest junk cZxid = 0x1c ctime = Thu Jun 11 10:58:06 CST 2015 mZxid = 0x1f mtime = Thu Jun 11 10:59:08 CST 2015 pZxid = 0x1c cversion = 0 dataVersion = 1 aclVersion = 0 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 4 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 15] delete /zktest [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 16] ls / [zookeeper]
3.用Curator管理Zookeeper
Curator的Maven依赖如下，一般直接使用curator-recipes就行了，如果需要自己封装一些底层些的功能的话，例如增加连接管理重试机制等，则可以引入curator-framework包。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>3.1 Client操作
利用Curator提供的客户端API，可以完全实现上面原生客户端的功能。值得注意的是，Curator采用流式风格API。
package com.cdai.codebase.bigdata.Hadoop.zookeeper.curator;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;
/**
* Curator framework's client test.
* Output:
* $ create /zktest hello
* $ ls /
* [zktest, zookeeper]
* $ get /zktest
* hello
* $ set /zktest world
* $ get /zktest
* world
* $ delete /zktest
* $ ls /
* [zookeeper]
*/
public class CuratorClientTest {
/** Zookeeper info */
private static final String ZK_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.100:2181";
private static final String ZK_PATH = "/zktest";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.Connect to zk
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
ZK_ADDRESS,
new RetryNTimes(10, 5000)
);
client.start();
System.out.println("zk client start successfully!");
// 2.Client API test
// 2.1 Create node
String data1 = "hello";
print("create", ZK_PATH, data1);
client.create().
creatingParentsIfNeeded().
forPath(ZK_PATH, data1.getBytes());
// 2.2 Get node and data
print("ls", "/");
print(client.getChildren().forPath("/"));
print("get", ZK_PATH);
print(client.getData().forPath(ZK_PATH));
// 2.3 Modify data
String data2 = "world";
print("set", ZK_PATH, data2);
client.setData().forPath(ZK_PATH, data2.getBytes());
print("get", ZK_PATH);
print(client.getData().forPath(ZK_PATH));
// 2.4 Remove node
print("delete", ZK_PATH);
client.delete().forPath(ZK_PATH);
print("ls", "/");
print(client.getChildren().forPath("/"));
}
private static void print(String... cmds) {
StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder("$ ");
for (String cmd : cmds) {
text.append(cmd).append(" ");
}
System.out.println(text.toString());
}
private static void print(Object result) {
System.out.println(
result instanceof byte[]
? new String((byte[]) result)
: result);
}
}3.2 监听器
Curator提供了三种Watcher(Cache)来监听结点的变化：
- Path Cache：监视一个路径下1）孩子结点的创建、2）删除，3）以及结点数据的更新。产生的事件会传递给注册的PathChildrenCacheListener。
- Node Cache：监视一个结点的创建、更新、删除，并将结点的数据缓存在本地。
- Tree Cache：Path Cache和Node Cache的“合体”，监视路径下的创建、更新、删除事件，并缓存路径下所有孩子结点的数据。
下面就测试一下最简单的Path Watcher：
package com.cdai.codebase.bigdata.hadoop.zookeeper.curator;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.cache.ChildData;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.cache.PathChildrenCache;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.cache.PathChildrenCache.StartMode;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;
/**
* Curator framework watch test.
*/
public class CuratorWatcherTest {
/** Zookeeper info */
private static final String ZK_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.100:2181";
private static final String ZK_PATH = "/zktest";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.Connect to zk
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
ZK_ADDRESS,
new RetryNTimes(10, 5000)
);
client.start();
System.out.println("zk client start successfully!");
// 2.Register watcher
PathChildrenCache watcher = new PathChildrenCache(
client,
ZK_PATH,
true // if cache data
);
watcher.getListenable().addListener((client1, event) -> {
ChildData data = event.getData();
if (data == null) {
System.out.println("No data in event[" + event + "]");
} else {
System.out.println("Receive event: "
+ "type=[" + event.getType() + "]"
+ ", path=[" + data.getPath() + "]"
+ ", data=[" + new String(data.getData()) + "]"
+ ", stat=[" + data.getStat() + "]");
}
});
watcher.start(StartMode.BUILD_INITIAL_CACHE);
System.out.println("Register zk watcher successfully!");
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
}下面是在zkCli.sh中操作时Java程序的输出：
Java: zk client start successfully! Java: Register zk watcher successfully! zkCli: [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] create /zktest/hello mydata Java: Receive event: type=[CHILD_ADDED], path=[/zktest/hello], data=[mydata], stat=[121,121,1434001221097,1434001221097,0,0,0,0,6,0,121] zkCli: [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] set /zktest/hello otherdata Java: Receive event: type=[CHILD_UPDATED], path=[/zktest/hello], data=[otherdata], stat=[121,122,1434001221097,1434001228467,1,0,0,0,9,0,121] zkCli: [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] delete /zktest/hello Java: Receive event: type=[CHILD_REMOVED], path=[/zktest/hello], data=[otherdata], stat=[121,122,1434001221097,1434001228467,1,0,0,0,9,0,121]
4.Curator“菜谱”
既然Maven包叫做curator-recipes，那说明Curator有它独特的“菜谱”：
- 锁：包括共享锁、共享可重入锁、读写锁等。
- 选举：Leader选举算法。
- Barrier：阻止分布式计算直至某个条件被满足的“栅栏”，可以看做JDK Concurrent包中Barrier的分布式实现。
- 缓存：前面提到过的三种Cache及监听机制。
- 持久化结点：连接或Session终止后仍然在Zookeeper中存在的结点。
- 队列：分布式队列、分布式优先级队列等。
4.1 分布式锁
分布式编程时，比如最容易碰到的情况就是应用程序在线上多机部署，于是当多个应用同时访问某一资源时，就需要某种机制去协调它们。例如，现在一台应用正在rebuild缓存内容，要临时锁住某个区域暂时不让访问；又比如调度程序每次只想一个任务被一台应用执行等等。
下面的程序会启动两个线程t1和t2去争夺锁，拿到锁的线程会占用5秒。运行多次可以观察到，有时是t1先拿到锁而t2等待，有时又会反过来。Curator会用我们提供的lock路径的结点作为全局锁，这个结点的数据类似这种格式：[_c_64e0811f-9475-44ca-aa36-c1db65ae5350-lock-0000000005]，每次获得锁时会生成这种串，释放锁时清空数据。
package com.cdai.codebase.bigdata.hadoop.zookeeper.curator;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessMutex;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Curator framework's distributed lock test.
*/
public class CuratorDistrLockTest {
/** Zookeeper info */
private static final String ZK_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.100:2181";
private static final String ZK_LOCK_PATH = "/zktest";
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// 1.Connect to zk
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
ZK_ADDRESS,
new RetryNTimes(10, 5000)
);
client.start();
System.out.println("zk client start successfully!");
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
doWithLock(client);
}, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
doWithLock(client);
}, "t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
private static void doWithLock(CuratorFramework client) {
InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(client, ZK_LOCK_PATH);
try {
if (lock.acquire(10 * 1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " hold lock");
Thread.sleep(5000L);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " release lock");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
lock.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}4.2 Leader选举
当集群里的某个服务down机时，我们可能要从slave结点里选出一个作为新的master，这时就需要一套能在分布式环境中自动协调的Leader选举方法。Curator提供了LeaderSelector监听器实现Leader选举功能。同一时刻，只有一个Listener会进入takeLeadership()方法，说明它是当前的Leader。注意：当Listener从takeLeadership()退出时就说明它放弃了“Leader身份”，这时Curator会利用Zookeeper再从剩余的Listener中选出一个新的Leader。autoRequeue()方法使放弃Leadership的Listener有机会重新获得Leadership，如果不设置的话放弃了的Listener是不会再变成Leader的。
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