freesky 2019-06-01
限流的目的是通过对并发访问/请求进行限速或者一个时间窗口内的的请求进行限速来保护系统,一旦达到限制速率则可以拒绝服务。
前几天在DD的公众号,看了一篇关于使用 瓜娃 实现单应用限流的方案 --》原文,参考《redis in action》 实现了一个jedis版本的,都属于业务层次限制。 实际场景中常用的限流策略:
Nginx接入层限流
按照一定的规则如帐号、IP、系统调用逻辑等在Nginx层面做限流
业务应用系统限流
通过业务代码控制流量这个流量可以被称为信号量,可以理解成是一种锁,它可以限制一项资源最多能同时被多少进程访问。
代码实现
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.Transaction;
import redis.clients.jedis.ZParams;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
public class RedisRateLimiter {
private static final String BUCKET = "BUCKET";
private static final String BUCKET_COUNT = "BUCKET_COUNT";
private static final String BUCKET_MONITOR = "BUCKET_MONITOR";
static String acquireTokenFromBucket(
Jedis jedis, int limit, long timeout) {
String identifier = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
Transaction transaction = jedis.multi();
//删除信号量
transaction.zremrangeByScore(BUCKET_MONITOR.getBytes(), "-inf".getBytes(), String.valueOf(now - timeout).getBytes());
ZParams params = new ZParams();
params.weightsByDouble(1.0,0.0);
transaction.zinterstore(BUCKET, params, BUCKET, BUCKET_MONITOR);
//计数器自增
transaction.incr(BUCKET_COUNT);
List<Object> results = transaction.exec();
long counter = (Long) results.get(results.size() - 1);
transaction = jedis.multi();
transaction.zadd(BUCKET_MONITOR, now, identifier);
transaction.zadd(BUCKET, counter, identifier);
transaction.zrank(BUCKET, identifier);
results = transaction.exec();
//获取排名,判断请求是否取得了信号量
long rank = (Long) results.get(results.size() - 1);
if (rank < limit) {
return identifier;
} else {//没有获取到信号量,清理之前放入redis 中垃圾数据
transaction = jedis.multi();
transaction.zrem(BUCKET_MONITOR, identifier);
transaction.zrem(BUCKET, identifier);
transaction.exec();
}
return null;
}
}
调用
测试接口调用
@GetMapping("/")
public void index(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
Jedis jedis = jedisPool.getResource();
String token = RedisRateLimiter.acquireTokenFromBucket(jedis, LIMIT, TIMEOUT);
if (token == null) {
response.sendError(500);
} else {
//TODO 你的业务逻辑
}
jedisPool.returnResource(jedis);
}
优化
使用拦截器 + 注解优化代码
拦截器
@Configuration
static class WebMvcConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebMvcConfigurer.class);
@Autowired
private JedisPool jedisPool;
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new HandlerInterceptorAdapter() {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler) throws Exception {
HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod();
RateLimiter rateLimiter = method.getAnnotation(RateLimiter.class);
if (rateLimiter != null){
int limit = rateLimiter.limit();
int timeout = rateLimiter.timeout();
Jedis jedis = jedisPool.getResource();
String token = RedisRateLimiter.acquireTokenFromBucket(jedis, limit, timeout);
if (token == null) {
response.sendError(500);
return false;
}
logger.debug("token -> {}",token);
jedis.close();
}
return true;
}
}).addPathPatterns("/*");
}
}
定义注解
/**
* 限流注解
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface RateLimiter {
int limit() default 5;
int timeout() default 1000;
}
使用
@RateLimiter(limit = 2, timeout = 5000)
@GetMapping("/test")
public void test() {
}
资料
基于reids + lua的实现 https://github.com/tangaiyun/RedisRateLimiter
总结