主机通过host-only虚拟网卡连接VBOX虚拟机

[blockquote]

How to set up host-only virtual machines that host can access it...

[/blockquote]

问题

因为工作和学习,我经常需要移动装有Linux系统的笔记本电脑,有时在家里用,有时在公司里用,这两个地方的网络都是不同的,或者有时要开会或到外面,不能连接任何的网络,所以即使虚拟机配置了NTA或者桥接网络主机不能访问VBOX虚拟机的资源.即便在家里和办公司室里每次都要根据环境修改静态IP联网,为了解决这个问题,尝试了很多方法,觉得以下的方法还可以,便整理下来,以下的案例主机为:Fedora 25，虚拟机为：CentOS 6.7.

解决方案

首先打开vobx,进入File=>Preferences=>Network设置Host-only Networks,进入这个选项如果以前没有设置过新建一个(在Linux上这可能需要root权限,提示没有权限时请使用root权限打开vbox重试),新建一个host-only网卡,并设置IP和网关保存;

保存后主机上多了一个vboxnet0网卡;

vboxnet0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::800:27ff:fe00:0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 0a:00:27:00:00:00  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 172  bytes 31905 (31.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

进入虚拟机settings=>NetWork,添加新的Host-only Adapter网卡,Name项选择上面创建的host-only网卡;

重启虚拟机,检查新网卡adapter;

# ls /sys/class/net
eth0  eth1  eth2  lo

本例新添加的adapter为eth2;此时通过ifconfig可能看不到eth2网卡的信息,进入网卡配置目录,复制一个已经存在的网卡配置文件并命名为ifcfg-eth2;

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth2

编辑该文件,设置静态IP和网关;

DEVICE="eth2"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPV6INIT="yes"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
IPADDR=192.168.56.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0

重启网络服务;

service network restart

再次检查eth2网卡已经正常启动;

eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:E5:7C:79  
          inet addr:192.168.56.10  Bcast:192.168.56.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fee5:7c79/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:664 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:434 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:75195 (73.4 KiB)  TX bytes:69955 (68.3 KiB)

最后在主机上通过host-only连接虚拟机正常;

$ ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password: 
Last login: Sat May 20 09:00:45 2017 from 192.168.56.1
[root@gpdb-sandbox ~]# ifconfig
eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:E5:7C:79  
          inet addr:192.168.56.10  Bcast:192.168.56.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fee5:7c79/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:726 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:475 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:83180 (81.2 KiB)  TX bytes:78426 (76.5 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

可以肯定的是只要主机的host-only网卡启用和正确配置的情况下,即使主机的其它网卡因为移动更改IP或没有连接到任何网络,这个连接依旧可用.