Hive安装,以及一些问题处理

victorzhzh 2020-06-16

1.Hive安装部署

1.Hive安装及配置

1)把apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz上传到linux/opt/software目录下

2)解压apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz/opt/module/目录下面

[ software]$ tar -zxvf apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/

3)修改apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz的名称为hive

[ module]$ mv apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/ hive

4)修改/opt/module/hive/conf目录下的hive-env.sh.template名称为hive-env.sh

[ conf]$ mv hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh

5)配置hive-env.sh文件

a)配置HADOOP_HOME路径

export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2

b)配置HIVE_CONF_DIR路径

export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/module/hive/conf

2.Hadoop集群配置

1)必须启动hdfsyarn

[ hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh

[ hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

2)在HDFS上创建/tmp/user/hive/warehouse两个目录并修改他们的同组权限可写

[ hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp

[ hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse

[ hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hadoop fs -chmod g+w /tmp

[ hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse

3.Hive基本操作

1)启动hive

[ hive]$ bin/hive

2)查看数据库

hive> show databases;

3)打开默认数据库

hive> use default;

4)显示default数据库中的表

hive> show tables;

5)创建一张表

hive> create table student(id int, name string);

6)显示数据库中有几张表

hive> show tables;

7)查看表的结构

hive> desc student;

8)向表中插入数据

hive> insert into student values(1000,"ss");

9)查询表中数据

hive> select * from student;

10)退出hive

hive> quit;

2.将本地文件导入Hive案例

需求

将本地/opt/module/datas/student.txt这个目录下的数据导入到hivestudent(id int, name string)表中。

1数据准备

/opt/module/datas这个目录下准备数据

1)在/opt/module/目录下创建datas

[ module]$ mkdir datas

2)在/opt/module/datas/目录下创建student.txt文件并添加数据

[ datas]$ touch student.txt

[ datas]$ vi student.txt

1001 zhangshan

1002 lishi

1003 zhaoliu

注意以tab键间隔。

2.Hive实际操作

1)启动hive

[ hive]$ bin/hive

2)显示数据库

hive> show databases;

3)使用default数据库

hive> use default;

4)显示default数据库中的表

hive> show tables;

5)删除已创建的student

hive> drop table student;

6)创建student, 并声明文件分隔符’\t’

hive> create table student(id int, name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED

 BY ‘\t‘;

7)加载/opt/module/datas/student.txt 文件到student数据库表中。

hive> load data local inpath ‘/opt/module/datas/student.txt‘ into table student;

8Hive查询结果

hive> select * from student;

OK

1001 zhangshan

1002 lishi

1003 zhaoliu

Time taken: 0.266 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

3.遇到的问题

再打开一个客户端窗口启动hive,会产生java.sql.SQLException异常。

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException:

 Unable to instantiate

 org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:677)

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)

        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)

        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)

        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)

        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1523)

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:86)

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:132)

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:104)

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:3005)

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3024)

        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:503)

... 8 more

原因是,Metastore默认存储在自带的derby数据库中,推荐使用MySQL存储Metastore;

3. MySql安装

3.1 安装包准备

1.查看mysql是否安装,如果安装了,卸载mysql

1)查看

[ 桌面]# rpm -qa|grep mysql

mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64

2)卸载

[ 桌面]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64

2.解压mysql-libs.zip文件到当前目录

[ software]# unzip mysql-libs.zip

[ software]# ls

mysql-libs.zip

mysql-libs

3.进入到mysql-libs文件夹下

[ mysql-libs]# ll

总用量 76048

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18509960 3月  26 2015 MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3575135 12月  1 2013 mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 55782196 3月  26 2015 MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

3.2 安装MySql服务器

1.安装mysql服务端

[ mysql-libs]# yum -y install autoconf(需要的依赖perl)

[ mysql-libs]# yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7(依赖冲突删除)

[ mysql-libs]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

2.查看产生的随机密码

[ mysql-libs]# cat /root/.mysql_secret

OEXaQuS8IWkG19Xs

3.查看mysql状态

[ mysql-libs]# service mysql status

4.启动mysql

[ mysql-libs]# service mysql start

3.3 安装MySql客户端

1.安装mysql客户端

[ mysql-libs]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

2.链接mysql

[ mysql-libs]# mysql -uroot -pOEXaQuS8IWkG19Xs

3.修改密码

mysql>SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(‘000000‘);

4.退出mysql

mysql>exit

3.4 MySqluser表中主机配置

配置只要是root用户+密码,在任何主机上都能登录MySQL数据库。

1.进入mysql

[ mysql-libs]# mysql -uroot -proot

2.显示数据库

mysql>show databases;

3.使用mysql数据库

mysql>use mysql;

4.展示mysql数据库中的所有表

mysql>show tables;

5.展示user表的结构

mysql>desc user;

6.查询user

mysql>select User, Host, Password from user;

7.修改user表,把Host表内容修改为%

mysql>update user set host=‘%‘ where host=‘localhost‘;

8.删除root用户的其他host

mysql>delete from user where Host=‘hadoop102‘;

mysql>delete from user where Host=‘127.0.0.1‘;

mysql>delete from user where Host=‘::1‘;

如果启动hive时显示连接不上mysql,这需要添加以下信息到user表中

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to ‘%‘ identified by ‘root‘

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to ‘hadoop111‘ identified by ‘root‘

9.刷新

mysql>flush privileges;

10.退出

mysql>quit;

4 Hive元数据配置到MySql

4.1 驱动拷贝

1.在/opt/software/mysql-libs目录下解压mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz驱动包

[ mysql-libs]# tar -zxvf mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz

2.拷贝/opt/software/mysql-libs/mysql-connector-java-5.1.27目录下的mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar/opt/module/hive/lib/

[ mysql-connector-java-5.1.27]# cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar

 /opt/module/hive/lib/

4.2 配置MetastoreMySql

1./opt/module/hive/conf目录下创建一个hive-site.xml

[ conf]$ touch hive-site.xml

[ conf]$ vi hive-site.xml

2.根据官方文档配置参数,拷贝数据到hive-site.xml文件中

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/AdminManual+MetastoreAdmin

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

  <value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/metastore?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

  <value>root</value>

  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

  <value>000000</value>

  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

</configuration>

3.配置完毕后,如果启动hive异常,可以重新启动虚拟机。(重启后,别忘了启动hadoop集群)

4.如果进入hive执行命令时报错:hive Caused by: MetaException(message:Version information not found in metastore. )解决方法
  元数据是hive中存的,应该还是与hive相关的配置有关。经查,把hive-site.xml中如下配置项改为false可归避此问题。
    <property>
      <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
      <value>true</value>
    </property>

5.MetaException(message:Hive metastore database is not initialized. Please use schematool 解决方法:
  需要执行以下指令(在hive的bin目录下执行)
  ./schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql
  最后一个参数为hive存放元数据所使用的数据库,我用的是mysql。如果使用derby,将最后的参数改为derby就可以了。

4.3 多窗口启动Hive测试

1.先启动MySQL

[ mysql-libs]$ mysql -uroot -p000000

查看有几个数据库

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql             |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

2.再次打开多个窗口,分别启动hive

[ hive]$ bin/hive

3.启动hive后,回到MySQL窗口查看数据库,显示增加了metastore数据库

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| metastore          |

| mysql             |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

4.如果启动时报错连接不上数据库,通过一下命令添加到user表中连接信息

grant all privileges on *.* to ‘%‘ identified by ‘root‘

grant all privileges on *.* to ‘hadoop111‘ identified by ‘root‘

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