MySQL——MMM高可用

优点：高可用性，扩展性好，出现故障自动切换，对于主主同步，在同一时间只提供一台数据库写操作，保证的数据的一致性。

缺点：Monitor节点是单点，可以结合Keepalived实现高可用。

实验环境：

master1服务器       192.168.13.167
master2服务器   192.168.13.151
slave1服务器        192.168.13.168
slave2服务器        192.168.13.145
monitor服务器   192.168.13.164

1、在master1\master2\slave1\slave2都需要安装MYSQL数据库

[ ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
##获取源地址
[ ~]# yum -y install epel-release  ##安装epel源
[ ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache  ##yum缓存清空
[ ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb   ##安装mariadb数据库
[ ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service   ##关闭防火墙
[ ~]# setenforce 0
[ ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service    ##开启数据库

2、修改master1数据库配置文件（使用scp同步到其他数据库服务器上，monitor不需要）

[ ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf   ##修改配置文件
[mysqld]
log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err     ##错误日志文件
log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log       ##主从日志存放位置
log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log  ##man日志
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema     ##二进制文件
character_set_server=utf8   ##字符集
log_bin=mysql_bin   ##二进制日志文件
server_id=11    ##服务id（不能相同）
log_slave_updates=true   ##允许从服务器更新
sync_binlog=1   ##同步日志
auto_increment_increment=2    ##自增列
auto_increment_offset=1           ##起始点
[ ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service   ##重启数据库

使用scp复制数据库配置文件到其他服务器上的时候，需要修改server-id不能一样

[ ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf :/etc/   （server-id=22）
[ ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf :/etc/   （server-id=33）
[ ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf :/etc/   （server-id=44）
[ ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 3306   ##查看端口3306
tcp      0   0 0.0.0.0:3306     0.0.0.0:*         LISTEN      4235/mysqld

3、配置主主复制（master1，master2）两台主服务器相互复制

//master1服务器//

[ ~]# mysql   ##进入数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;   ##查看主服务器的状态信息
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB         |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |      245 |              | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘replication‘@‘192.168.13.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;  
##授权给13段的网段复制的权限用户名replication密码123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//master2服务器//

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host=‘192.168.13.167‘,master_user=‘replication‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘mysql_bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=245;
##在master2上同步master1服务器
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘replication‘@‘192.168.13.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
##在master2上授权复制权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;   ##查看master2的服务器的状态信息
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB         |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |      410 |              | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;   ##刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//master1服务器//

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host=‘192.168.13.151‘,master_user=‘replication‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘mysql_bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=410; 
##master1同步master2服务器数据库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//master1,master2上开启同步//

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;    ##开启同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;    ##查看同步状态信息
                         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

4、在slave1，slave2做主从同步，注意日志文件和位置参数的改变

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host=‘192.168.13.167‘,master_user=‘replication‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘mysql_bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=245;
##在从服务器上同步master1主服务器
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;   ##刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;    ##开启同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;    ##查看同步的状态信息
                             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

5、测试主主，主从的同步状态

//主服务器master1//
MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;   ##创建数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;   ##查看数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//从服务器上查看数据库//
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;   ##实现主主，主从同步
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6、安装MMM，在所有服务器上安装，注意：epel源要配置好配置阿里云源，然后安装epel-release源。（monitor上需要先安装源，清空缓存，然后安装MMM）

##monitor服务器上
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

yum -y install epel-release

yum clean all && yum makecache

yum -y install mysql-mmm*

##其余服务器都需要安装mmm
[ ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*

7、安装结束后，所有服务器上对mmm进行配置

[ ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf   ##所有主机上都要配置,直接复制多份

……
<host default>
        cluster_interface       ens33    ##修改网卡
        …
        replication_user        replication   ##修改用户名
        replication_password    123456   ##密码
        agent_user              mmm_agent
        agent_password          123456     ##密码

<host db1>
        ip      192.168.13.167   ##master1地址
        mode    master
        peer    db2
</host>

<host db2>
        ip      192.168.13.151   ##master2地址
        mode    master
        peer    db1
</host>

<host db3>
        ip      192.168.13.168   ##slave1地址
        mode    slave
</host>

<host db4>
        ip      192.168.13.145   ##slave2地址
        mode    slave
</host>

<role writer>
        hosts   db1, db2      ##写服务器虚拟ip
        ips     192.168.13.250
        mode    exclusive
</role>

<role reader> 
        hosts   db3, db4    ##读服务器虚拟ip
        ips     192.168.13.252, 192.168.13.251
        mode    balanced
</role>

##复制到其他的服务器中
[ ~]# scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf :/etc/mysql-mmm/
‘s password: 
mmm_common.conf                               100%  836   267.1KB/s   00:00    
[ ~]# scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf :/etc/mysql-mmm/
‘s password: 
mmm_common.conf                               100%  836   863.2KB/s   00:00    
[ ~]# scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf :/etc/mysql-mmm/
‘s password: 
mmm_common.conf                               100%  836   904.7KB/s   00:00    
[ ~]# scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf :/etc/mysql-mmm/

8、在monitor服务器上配置

[ ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
<host default>
        monitor_user        mmm_monitor
        monitor_password    123456    ##修改monitor的密码
</host>

9、在所有数据库上为mmm_agent代理授权，为mmm_monitor授权监控

MariaDB [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to ‘mmm_agent‘@‘192.168.13.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
##授权代理
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to ‘mmm_monitor‘@‘192.168.13.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
##授权监控
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;   ##刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

10、修改所有数据库的mmm_agent.conf

[ ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
this db1 //根据规划进行逐一调整
[ ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
this db2 //根据规划进行逐一调整
[ ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
this db3 //根据规划进行逐一调整
[ ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
this db4 //根据规划进行逐一调整
##所有数据库开启
[ ~]systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service   ##开启代理服务
[ ~]systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service  ##加入开机自启动

11、在monitor上配置

[ ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
<monitor>
        ip                  127.0.0.1
        pid_path            /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
        bin_path            /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
        status_path         /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
        ping_ips            192.168.13.167,192.168.13.151,192.168.13.168,192.168.13.
145
        ##所有数据库服务器地址
        auto_set_online     10    ##自动在线时间
[ ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service    ##关闭防火墙
[ ~]# setenforce 0
[ ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service    ##开启监控服务
[ ~]# mmm_control show   ##查看主从的飘逸地址
    db1(192.168.13.167) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.13.250)
    db2(192.168.13.151) master/ONLINE. Roles: 
    db3(192.168.13.168) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.13.252)
    db4(192.168.13.145) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.13.251)

12、测试漂移地址

[ ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service  ##模拟停止master1服务器
//monitor服务器上查看//
[ ~]# mmm_control show
    db1(192.168.13.167) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: 
    db2(192.168.13.151) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.13.250)
    db3(192.168.13.168) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.13.252)
    db4(192.168.13.145) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.13.251)
（重启master1数据库服务，虚拟地址不会被抢占到master1）
mmm_control checks all //需要各种OK
mmm_control move_role writer db1  ##可以切换虚拟地址

13、在monitor上安装MySQL作为测试机用虚拟ip登录数据库

[ ~]# yum install mysql -y

//master1服务器上授权monitor地址访问//

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to ‘testdba‘@‘192.168.13.164‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
##授权monitor地址访问
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;   ##刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[ ~]# mysql -utestdba -p -h 192.168.13.250   ##使用虚拟地址即可登录数据库
Enter password: 

MariaDB [(none)]>