zhuzhishi0 2019-06-30
在照着Tensorflow官网的demo敲了一遍分类器项目的代码后,运行倒是成功了,结果也不错。但是最终还是要训练自己的数据,所以尝试准备加载自定义的数据,然而demo中只是出现了fashion_mnist.load_data()
并没有详细的读取过程,随后我又找了些资料,把读取的过程记录在这里。
首先提一下需要用到的模块:
import os import keras import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from PIL import Image from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
图片分类器项目,首先确定你要处理的图片分辨率将是多少,这里的例子为30像素:
IMG_SIZE_X = 30 IMG_SIZE_Y = 30
其次确定你图片的方式目录:
image_path = r'D:\Projects\ImageClassifier\data\set' path = ".\data" # 你也可以使用相对路径的方式 # image_path =os.path.join(path, "set")
目录下的结构如下:
相应的label.txt如下:
动漫 风景 美女 物语 樱花
接下来是接在labels.txt,如下:
label_name = "labels.txt" label_path = os.path.join(path, label_name) class_names = np.loadtxt(label_path, type(""))
这里简便起见,直接利用了numpy的loadtxt函数直接加载。
之后便是正式处理图片数据了,注释就写在里面了:
re_load = False re_build = False # re_load = True re_build = True data_name = "data.npz" data_path = os.path.join(path, data_name) model_name = "model.h5" model_path = os.path.join(path, model_name) count = 0 # 这里判断是否存在序列化之后的数据,re_load是一个开关,是否强制重新处理,测试用,可以去除。 if not os.path.exists(data_path) or re_load: labels = [] images = [] print('Handle images') # 由于label.txt是和图片防止目录的分类目录一一对应的,即每个子目录的目录名就是labels.txt里的一个label,所以这里可以通过读取class_names的每一项去拼接path后读取 for index, name in enumerate(class_names): # 这里是拼接后的子目录path classpath = os.path.join(image_path, name) # 先判断一下是否是目录 if not os.path.isdir(classpath): continue # limit是测试时候用的这里可以去除 limit = 0 for image_name in os.listdir(classpath): if limit >= max_size: break # 这里是拼接后的待处理的图片path imagepath = os.path.join(classpath, image_name) count = count + 1 limit = limit + 1 # 利用Image打开图片 img = Image.open(imagepath) # 缩放到你最初确定要处理的图片分辨率大小 img = img.resize((IMG_SIZE_X, IMG_SIZE_Y)) # 转为灰度图片,这里彩色通道会干扰结果,并且会加大计算量 img = img.convert("L") # 转为numpy数组 img = np.array(img) # 由(30,30)转为(1,30,30)(即`channels_first`),当然你也可以转换为(30,30,1)(即`channels_last`)但为了之后预览处理后的图片方便这里采用了(1,30,30)的格式存放 img = np.reshape(img, (1, IMG_SIZE_X, IMG_SIZE_Y)) # 这里利用循环生成labels数据,其中存放的实际是class_names中对应元素的索引 labels.append([index]) # 添加到images中,最后统一处理 images.append(img) # 循环中一些状态的输出,可以去除 print("{} class: {} {} limit: {} {}" .format(count, index + 1, class_names[index], limit, imagepath)) # 最后一次性将images和labels都转换成numpy数组 npy_data = np.array(images) npy_labels = np.array(labels) # 处理数据只需要一次,所以我们选择在这里利用numpy自带的方法将处理之后的数据序列化存储 np.savez(data_path, x=npy_data, y=npy_labels) print("Save images by npz") else: # 如果存在序列化号的数据,便直接读取,提高速度 npy_data = np.load(data_path)["x"] npy_labels = np.load(data_path)["y"] print("Load images by npz") image_data = npy_data labels_data = npy_labels
到了这里原始数据的加工预处理便已经完成,只需要最后一步,就和demo中fashion_mnist.load_data()
返回的结果一样了。代码如下:
# 最后一步就是将原始数据分成训练数据和测试数据 train_images, test_images, train_labels, test_labels = \ train_test_split(image_data, labels_data, test_size=0.2, random_state=6)
这里将相关信息打印的方法也附上:
print("_________________________________________________________________") print("%-28s %-s" % ("Name", "Shape")) print("=================================================================") print("%-28s %-s" % ("Image Data", image_data.shape)) print("%-28s %-s" % ("Labels Data", labels_data.shape)) print("=================================================================") print('Split train and test data,p=%') print("_________________________________________________________________") print("%-28s %-s" % ("Name", "Shape")) print("=================================================================") print("%-28s %-s" % ("Train Images", train_images.shape)) print("%-28s %-s" % ("Test Images", test_images.shape)) print("%-28s %-s" % ("Train Labels", train_labels.shape)) print("%-28s %-s" % ("Test Labels", test_labels.shape)) print("=================================================================")
之后别忘了归一化哟:
print("Normalize images") train_images = train_images / 255.0 test_images = test_images / 255.0
最后附上读取自定义数据的完整代码:
import os import keras import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from PIL import Image from keras.layers import * from keras.models import * from keras.optimizers import Adam from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2' # 支持中文 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号 re_load = False re_build = False # re_load = True re_build = True epochs = 50 batch_size = 5 count = 0 max_size = 2000000000 IMG_SIZE_X = 30 IMG_SIZE_Y = 30 np.random.seed(9277) image_path = r'D:\Projects\ImageClassifier\data\set' path = ".\data" data_name = "data.npz" data_path = os.path.join(path, data_name) model_name = "model.h5" model_path = os.path.join(path, model_name) label_name = "labels.txt" label_path = os.path.join(path, label_name) class_names = np.loadtxt(label_path, type("")) print('Load class names') if not os.path.exists(data_path) or re_load: labels = [] images = [] print('Handle images') for index, name in enumerate(class_names): classpath = os.path.join(image_path, name) if not os.path.isdir(classpath): continue limit = 0 for image_name in os.listdir(classpath): if limit >= max_size: break imagepath = os.path.join(classpath, image_name) count = count + 1 limit = limit + 1 img = Image.open(imagepath) img = img.resize((30, 30)) img = img.convert("L") img = np.array(img) img = np.reshape(img, (1, 30, 30)) # img = skimage.io.imread(imagepath, as_grey=True) # if img.shape[2] != 3: # print("{} shape is {}".format(image_name, img.shape)) # continue # data = transform.resize(img, (IMG_SIZE_X, IMG_SIZE_Y)) labels.append([index]) images.append(img) print("{} class: {} {} limit: {} {}" .format(count, index + 1, class_names[index], limit, imagepath)) npy_data = np.array(images) npy_labels = np.array(labels) np.savez(data_path, x=npy_data, y=npy_labels) print("Save images by npz") else: npy_data = np.load(data_path)["x"] npy_labels = np.load(data_path)["y"] print("Load images by npz") image_data = npy_data labels_data = npy_labels print("_________________________________________________________________") print("%-28s %-s" % ("Name", "Shape")) print("=================================================================") print("%-28s %-s" % ("Image Data", image_data.shape)) print("%-28s %-s" % ("Labels Data", labels_data.shape)) print("=================================================================") train_images, test_images, train_labels, test_labels = \ train_test_split(image_data, labels_data, test_size=0.2, random_state=6) print('Split train and test data,p=%') print("_________________________________________________________________") print("%-28s %-s" % ("Name", "Shape")) print("=================================================================") print("%-28s %-s" % ("Train Images", train_images.shape)) print("%-28s %-s" % ("Test Images", test_images.shape)) print("%-28s %-s" % ("Train Labels", train_labels.shape)) print("%-28s %-s" % ("Test Labels", test_labels.shape)) print("=================================================================") # 归一化 # 我们将这些值缩小到 0 到 1 之间,然后将其馈送到神经网络模型。为此,将图像组件的数据类型从整数转换为浮点数,然后除以 255。以下是预处理图像的函数: # 务必要以相同的方式对训练集和测试集进行预处理: print("Normalize images") train_images = train_images / 255.0 test_images = test_images / 255.0