humanbeng 2020-03-05
个人博客
APT
是Annotation Processing Tool
的简写,通过在Java编译
时期,处理注解
,生成代码。APT在ButterKnife、Dagger2
等框架中都有应用。下面通过使用APT,实现一个类似ButterKnife的简单的View注入的框架。(参考Jett
老师的课程)
既然准备实现类似ButterKnife的框架,那么我们就需要了解ButterKnife的实现原理。
ButterKnife的使用是从ButterKnife.bind()
开始的:
@NonNull @UiThread public static Unbinder bind(@NonNull Activity target) { View sourceView = target.getWindow().getDecorView(); return bind(target, sourceView); }
可以看到,bind
方法中又调用了内部的bind
方法
@NonNull @UiThread public static Unbinder bind(@NonNull Object target, @NonNull View source) { Class<?> targetClass = target.getClass(); if (debug) Log.d(TAG, "Looking up binding for " + targetClass.getName()); //获取构造函数 Constructor<? extends Unbinder> constructor = findBindingConstructorForClass(targetClass); if (constructor == null) { return Unbinder.EMPTY; } //noinspection TryWithIdenticalCatches Resolves to API 19+ only type. try { //返回实例 return constructor.newInstance(target, source); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Unable to invoke " + constructor, e); } catch (InstantiationException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Unable to invoke " + constructor, e); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Throwable cause = e.getCause(); if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) cause; } if (cause instanceof Error) { throw (Error) cause; } throw new RuntimeException("Unable to create binding instance.", cause); } }
在这个bind方法中,主要通过findBindingConstructorForClass
方法获取到构造函数,然后返回具体的实例。
@Nullable @CheckResult @UiThread private static Constructor<? extends Unbinder> findBindingConstructorForClass(Class<?> cls) { //从缓存中查找 Constructor<? extends Unbinder> bindingCtor = BINDINGS.get(cls); if (bindingCtor != null || BINDINGS.containsKey(cls)) { if (debug) Log.d(TAG, "HIT: Cached in binding map."); return bindingCtor; } //没有缓存过的,那么通过反射来获取 String clsName = cls.getName(); if (clsName.startsWith("android.") || clsName.startsWith("java.") || clsName.startsWith("androidx.")) { if (debug) Log.d(TAG, "MISS: Reached framework class. Abandoning search."); return null; } try { Class<?> bindingClass = cls.getClassLoader().loadClass(clsName + "_ViewBinding"); //noinspection unchecked bindingCtor = (Constructor<? extends Unbinder>) bindingClass.getConstructor(cls, View.class); if (debug) Log.d(TAG, "HIT: Loaded binding class and constructor."); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { if (debug) Log.d(TAG, "Not found. Trying superclass " + cls.getSuperclass().getName()); //没有Class,则递归调用,从父类中查找 bindingCtor = findBindingConstructorForClass(cls.getSuperclass()); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Unable to find binding constructor for " + clsName, e); } //放入到缓存中 BINDINGS.put(cls, bindingCtor); return bindingCtor; } }
在findBindingConstructorForClass
方法中,首先查询缓存中是否有需要的构造函数,如果没有,那么会通过反射查找,最终返回了ButterKnife生成的辅助类XXX_ViewBinding
的构造函数。
Build工程后,在生成的XXX_ViewBinding的Java文件的构造方法中,可以看到ButterKnife帮我们自己调用了findViewById
//MainActivity_ViewBinding类中的方法 @UiThread public MainActivity_ViewBinding(MainActivity target, View source) { this.target = target; target.tv = Utils.findRequiredViewAsType(source, R.id.tv, "field 'tv'", TextView.class); } //Utils类中方法 public static <T> T findRequiredViewAsType(View source, @IdRes int id, String who, Class<T> cls) { View view = findRequiredView(source, id, who); return castView(view, id, who, cls); } //Utils类中方法 public static View findRequiredView(View source, @IdRes int id, String who) { View view = source.findViewById(id); if (view != null) { return view; } String name = getResourceEntryName(source, id); throw new IllegalStateException("Required view '" + name + "' with ID " + id + " for " + who + " was not found. If this view is optional add '@Nullable' (fields) or '@Optional'" + " (methods) annotation."); }
可以得出结论,ButterKnife就是利用APT
解析注解,在编译时生成了辅助类,用来帮助我们去调用findViewById方法,从而减少手动使用findViewById
了解了原理后,就可以自己来实现简单的View注入框架了。
新建Java Library
类型的Module
,名称为annotation,用来定义注解
然后,同样的方法新建名为annotation_compiler的模块,用来处理注解
我们还需要新建一个名为Binder的模块,用来供用户直接调用
新建这三个Modeule后,需要为相应的Module添加依赖
。app模块需要依赖上面的三个模块,annotation_compiler需要依赖annotation。
在annotation模块下新建BindView
注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) public @interface BindView { int value(); }
要使用APT,需要添加相关依赖,在annotation_compiler
模块下的build.gradle
文件中编辑
dependencies { //注册APT功能 annotationProcessor 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc4' compileOnly 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc4' }
同步后就可以使用APT了。
在annotation_compiler模块下新建AnnotationsCompiler
类,继承自AbstractProcessor
@AutoService(Processor.class) public class AnnotationsCompiler extends AbstractProcessor { //... }
需要重写三个方法
/** * 支持的Java版本 * * @return */ @Override public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() { return SourceVersion.latestSupported(); } /** * 支持的注解 * * @return */ @Override public Set<String> getSupportedAnnotationTypes() { Set<String> types = new HashSet<>(); types.add(BindView.class.getCanonicalName()); return types; } @Override public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnvironment) { super.init(processingEnvironment); filer = processingEnvironment.getFiler(); }
重写process
方法,主要的逻辑都在这里实现
@Override public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> set, RoundEnvironment roundEnvironment) { Set<? extends Element> elements = roundEnvironment.getElementsAnnotatedWith(BindView.class); //类:TypeElement //方法:ExecutableElement //属性:VariableElement Map<String, List<VariableElement>> map = new HashMap<>(); for (Element element : elements) { VariableElement variableElement = (VariableElement) element; String activityName = variableElement.getEnclosingElement().getSimpleName().toString(); List<VariableElement> variableElements = map.get(activityName); if (variableElements == null) { variableElements = new ArrayList<>(); map.put(activityName, variableElements); } variableElements.add(variableElement); } if (map.size() > 0) { Writer writer = null; Iterator<String> iterator = map.keySet().iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { String activityName = iterator.next(); List<VariableElement> variableElements = map.get(activityName); //获取包名 TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) variableElements.get(0).getEnclosingElement(); String packageName = processingEnv.getElementUtils().getPackageOf(typeElement).toString(); try { JavaFileObject sourceFile = filer.createSourceFile(packageName + "." + activityName + "_ViewBinding"); writer = sourceFile.openWriter(); writer.write("package " + packageName + ";\n"); writer.write("import " + PACKAGE_NAME_BINDER + ".IBinder;\n"); writer.write("public class "+activityName+"_ViewBinding implements IBinder<"+packageName+"."+activityName+">{\n"); writer.write("@Override\n"); writer.write("public void bind("+packageName+"."+activityName+" target){\n"); for(VariableElement variableElement:variableElements) { //获取名字 String variableName = variableElement.getSimpleName().toString(); //获取ID int id = variableElement.getAnnotation(BindView.class).value(); //得到类型 TypeMirror typeMirror = variableElement.asType(); writer.write("target."+variableName+"=("+typeMirror+")target.findViewById("+id+");\n"); } writer.write("\n}\n}"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(writer!=null) { try { writer.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } return false; }
在Binder模块下新建IBinder
类
public interface IBinder<T> { /** * 绑定activity * * @param t */ void bind(T t); }
新建ViewBinder类,这个类是直接供用户调用的
public class ViewBinder { public static void bind(Object activity) { String name = activity.getClass().getName() + "_ViewBinding"; try { Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(name); IBinder binder = (IBinder) clazz.newInstance(); binder.bind(activity); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
编写好上面的模块后,执行Build-Rebuild Project后,可以看到生成的java类文件
在app模块的MainActivity中使用
@BindView(R.id.tv) TextView tv; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //调用自己定义的ViewBinder ViewBinder.bind(this); tv.setText("Hi,ViewBinder!"); }
运行应用后,可以看到已经更改了TextView的显示,从而证明我们自己定义的ViewBinder是可以正常运行的。
使用APT实现Android中View的注入,具体步骤就是上面描述的。当然,这个只是一个简单的示例,如果要开发出完善的框架,还有很多需要注意和优化的,这里只是记录开发的一般流程,以便后面需要时查找资料。
源码地址:https://github.com/milovetingting/Samples/tree/master/ViewBinder