centos7部署MySQL 5.7

注：在安装MySQL前需要卸载掉当前已有的mariadb，然后需要安装gcc环境
1、安装cmake

[ ~]# wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/archive/v3.16.4.tar.gz                # 下载cmake
[ ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel          # 有时候安装cmake的时候会报错，一般就是openssl这个依赖包没有装
[ ~]# tar zxf cmake-3.16.4.tar.gz 
[ ~]# cd cmake-3.16.4/
[ cmake-3.16.4]# ./bootstrap 
[ cmake-3.16.4]# gmake && gmake install

2、安装ncurses

[ ~]# wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-5.9.tar.gz
[ cmake-3.16.4]# cd ..
[ ~]# tar zxf ncurses-5.9.tar.gz 
[ ~]# cd ncurses-5.9/
[ ncurses-5.9]# ./configure && make && make install

3、安装bison

[ ~]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-3.1.tar.gz
[ ~]# tar zxf bison-3.1.tar.gz 
[ ~]# cd bison-3.1/
[ bison-3.1]# ./configure && make && make install

4、安装boost

[ ~]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz/download
[ ~]# tar zxf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz 
[ ~]# mv boost_1_59_0/ /usr/local/boost

5、创建MySQL用户及所需目录

[ ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql 
[ ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data

6、安装及初始化MySQL

[ ~]# tar zxf mysql-5.7.29.tar.gz 
[ ~]# cd mysql-5.7.29/
[ mysql-5.7.29]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost && make && make install#配置环境变量
[ mysql-5.7.29]# echo ‘export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin‘ >> /etc/profile
[ mysql-5.7.29]# source /etc/profile#更改属主属组
[ mysql-5.7.29]# cd /usr/local/
[ local]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/#进行初始化
[ ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

当执行初始化操作后，在返回信息的最后一行，将显示着MySQL数据库root用户的密码，也有可能不显示，那就说明root用户没有密码，我这里显示的密码如下（此密码建议先复制到一个文本上，一会修改密码需要用到，如果此密码丢失，需要重新初始化MySQL，重新初始化目录的步骤：删除/usr/local/mysql/data目录下的所有文件及目录，然后才可以重新初始化成功）：

7、配置并启动MySQL

#再次修改当前目录下的属组及属主（初始化后，产生的一些文件）
[ ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/#编写MySQL的主配置文件[ ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/usr/local/mysql/dataport=3306server_id=1            
#当架构中存在多个MySQL服务器，那么这个server_id就是各个MySQL数据库的唯一性。socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.socklog-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.errsql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION#复制其服务脚本并启动MySQL
[ ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system
[ ~]# systemctl start mysqld 
执行启动命令时，会报错。。。。。。

可以通过MySQL错误日志，定位问题所在：

[ mysql]# tail data/mysqld.err 2020-04-10T16:41:01.982743Z 0 [Note] 
InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 200411  0:41:012020-04-10T16:41:01.985619Z 0 [Note] Found ca.pem, server-cert.pem and server-key.pem in data directory. Trying to enable SSL support using them.2020-04-10T16:41:01.985630Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of SSL certificates as certificate files are present in data directory.2020-04-10T16:41:01.986055Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.2020-04-10T16:41:01.986086Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as key files are present in data directory.2020-04-10T16:41:01.986148Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): ‘*‘; port: 33062020-04-10T16:41:01.986174Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.2020-04-10T16:41:01.986180Z 0 [Note]   - ‘::‘ resolves to ‘::‘;2020-04-10T16:41:01.986195Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: ‘::‘.2020-04-10T16:41:01.987181Z 0 [ERROR] Can‘t start server: can‘t check PID filepath: No such file or directory

解决办法：

修改其服务控制脚本中指定的PID路径即可：
[ mysql]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service 
PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid        # 修改这两行
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS

确定MySQL数据库启动成功

[ ~]# systemctl daemon-reload          # 重载配置文件
[ ~]# systemctl restart mysqld         # 重启服务
[ ~]# netstat -anput | grep 3306       # 确认服务启动
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      92944/mysqld

8、更改MySQL的root登录密码

[ ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p password ‘123.com‘
Enter password:            #这里输入初始化MySQL后返回的密码#执行成功后，会输出一些warning类的提示信息，无关紧要的，是提示直接将新密码暴露在了终端，不安全。
[ ~]# mysql -u root -p123.com       # 使用新密码登录