kubernetes(六) 基于kubeadm构建高可用k8s集群

github地址： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/
官方网站： kubernets.io

基于kubeadm创建k8s集群

基础概念

• pod使用接口技术

  • CNI： container network interface
  • CSI： container storage interface
  • CRI： container runtime interface
  • CVI： container volume interface

• pod：k8s中运行容器的最小单元

  • k8s如果向替换CRI的话（替换容器技术），只需要讲POD使用相关的容器技术（docker，podman）封装即可

• service： 实现了从宿主机外层访问k8s内部不同的容器的访问方式，还实现了pod的动态发现；因此可以说Service是k8s内部的负载均衡器

  • 实现方式： 早期是iptable，在1.11之后支持ipvs（轮训算法）
• replicationcontroller/deployment： 已废弃,POD控制器； 通过环境检测，保证pod的正常运行

k8s组成部分介绍

• master： 主节点

  • kube-apiserver： https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/admin/kube-apiserver/
    • 为api对象验证并配置数据，包括pods，services，APIserver提供Restful操作和到集群共享状态的前端，所有其它组件通过apiserver进行交互
  • kube-scheduler：https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/admin/kube-scheduler/
    • 具有丰富的资源策略，能够感知拓扑变化，支持特定负载的功能组件，它对集群的可用性，性能表现以及容量都影响巨大，scheduler需要考虑独立的和集体的资源需求，服务质量需求，硬件、软件，策略限制，亲和与反亲和规范，数据位置吗内部负载接口，截止时间等等，如有特定的负载需求可以通过apiserver暴露出来
  • kube-controller-manager: https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/admin/kube-controller-manager/
    • 作为集群内部的控制中心，负责集群内部的Node，Pod副本，服务端点，命名空间，服务账号，资源配额的管理，当某个Node意外宕机时，controller-manager会及时发现并执行自动修复，确保集群始终处于预期的工作状态

• Node节点

  • kube-proxy： https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/admin/kube-proxy/

    • 维护node节点上的网络规则，实现用户访问请求的转发，其实就是转发给service，需要管理员指定service和NodePort的对应关系

    • Kubernetes 网络代理运行在 node 上。它反映了 node 上 Kubernetes API 中定义的服务，并可以通过一组后端进行简单的 TCP、UDP 流转发或循环模式（round robin)）的 TCP、UDP 转发。目前，服务的集群 IP 和端口是通过 Docker-links 兼容的环境变量发现的，这些环境变量指定了服务代码打开的端口。有一个可选的 addon 为这些集群 IP 提供集群 DNS。用户必须使用 apiserver API 创建一个服务来配置代理。
  • kubelet： https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/admin/kubelet/
    • kubelet 是运行在每个节点上的主要的“节点代理”，它按照 PodSpec 中的描述工作。 PodSpec 是用来描述一个 pod 的 YAML 或者 JSON 对象。kubelet 通过各种机制（主要通过 apiserver ）获取一组 PodSpec 并保证在这些 PodSpec 中描述的容器健康运行。kubelet 不管理不是由 Kubernetes 创建的容器。
    • 除了来自 apiserver 的 PodSpec ，还有 3 种方式可以将容器清单提供给 kubelet 。
    • 文件：在命令行指定的一个路径，在这个路径下的文件将被周期性的监视更新，默认监视周期是 20 秒并可以通过参数配置。
    • HTTP端点：在命令行指定的一个HTTP端点，该端点每 20 秒被检查一次并且可以通过参数配置检查周期。
    • HTTP服务：kubelet 还可以监听 HTTP 服务并响应一个简单的 API 来创建一个新的清单
• ETCD： 存储所有集群数据
  组件官网参考： https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/overview/components/

部署k8s集群

集群规划

基础环境准备

• 服务器使用centos7.6以及以上,配置阿里云仓库

$ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo && yum -y  install epel-release
$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo

• 关闭防火墙&selinux&swap

$ sed -i ‘/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disable/g‘ /etc/selinux/config 
$ systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
$ sed -i ‘/swap/s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g‘ /etc/fstab
$ swapoff -a

• 自动更新时间

$ yum install chrony -y && systemctl enable chronyd && systemctl start chronyd &&  timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai && timedatectl set-ntp yes

• 设置主机名&hosts解析

$  cat /etc/hosts
192.168.56.11 centos7-node1
192.168.56.12 centos7-node2
192.168.56.13 centos7-node3
192.168.56.14 centos7-node4
192.168.56.15 centos7-node5
192.168.56.16 centos7-node6
192.168.56.17 centos7-node7
192.168.56.18 centos7-node8
192.168.56.16 harbor.magedu.com

• 系统参数优化(ip地址转发)

$  modprobe br_netfilter
$modprobe br_netfilter &&  cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

• 开启ipvs

yum -y install ipvsadm  ipset
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

• 重启服务器
• 基础docker安装

$mkdir -p /etc/docker && yum -y install docker-ce
$ tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-‘EOF‘
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://0b8hhs68.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "insecure-registry": ["harbor.magedu.com"],
   "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
$  systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

部署harbor与haproxy反向代理

• harbor

$ yum -y install epel-release docker-compose
$ wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.0.0/harbor-offline-installer-v2.0.0.tgz
$ tar xf harbor-offline-installer-v2.0.0.tgz -C /usr/local/src && cd /usr/local/src/harbor
$  cp harbor.yml.tmpl harbor.yml
$ vim harbor.yml
hostname: harbor.magedu.com
http:
  # port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https port
  port: 80
# https related config
#https:
  # https port for harbor, default is 443
#  port: 443
  # The path of cert and key files for nginx
#  certificate: /your/certificate/path
#  private_key: /your/private/key/path
$ ./install.sh

创建baseimages镜像仓库

• haproxy&keepalived

$ yum -y install keepalived haproxy
$ vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     
     
     
   }
   notification_email_from 
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 56
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.56.110 dev ens33 label ens33:1
    }
}
$ systemctl enable keepalived && systemctl start keepalived

$ vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
listen k8s-api-6443
  bind  192.168.56.110:6443
  mode  tcp
  server centos7-node1 192.168.56.11:6443 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5
  server centos7-node2 192.168.56.12:6443 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5
  server centos7-node3 192.168.56.13:6443 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5
$ systemctl restart haproxy
$ ss -tnl | grep 6443    # 测试存活

node节点和master节点部署

• master节点安装

$ cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-$basearch
enabled=1
EOF
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.17.2 kubeadm-1.17.2 kubectl-1.17.2
$ systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

master节点初始化集群

• 开启 master命令补全

$ mkdir /data/scripts -p
$ kubeadm completion bash > /data/scripts/kubeadm_completion.sh && chmod +x  /data/scripts/kubeadm_completion.sh
$ vim /etc/profile
source /data/scripts/kubeadm_completion.sh
$ source /etc/profile
$ kubeadm config print default    #打印默认初始化配置
$ kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version v1.17.2    # 打印需要下载的软件
$ kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.11  --apiserver-bind-port=6443 --control-plane-endpoint=192.168.56.110 --kubernetes-version=v1.17.2 --ignore-preflight-errors=swap --image-repository=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --pod-network-cidr=10.10.0.0/16 --service-cidr=172.26.0.0/16  --service-dns-domain=linux.local   #记住返回的信息
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.56.14:6443 --token iou3pg.8q2f13dbw8z2l4lm     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e13d02eea0bd631ba8cae228a31b3cc783686544761de1b3c4d514f313f501c3     --control-plane 

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.56.14:6443 --token iou3pg.8q2f13dbw8z2l4lm     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e13d02eea0bd631ba8cae228a31b3cc783686544761de1b3c4d514f313f501c3 
$ kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs    #生成controplane信息
6c3a44aee4b3fabb5beb44ab696fee6043c77d3461cee1f2c9e80058aa42d493
#### 需要在其他两个master节点执行
$  kubeadm join 192.168.56.14:6443 --token iou3pg.8q2f13dbw8z2l4lm     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e13d02eea0bd631ba8cae228a31b3cc783686544761de1b3c4d514f313f501c3     --control-plane --certificate-key 6c3a44aee4b3fabb5beb44ab696fee6043c77d3461cee1f2c9e80058aa42d493

$  kubectl get nodes   #状态不ok。需要安装网络插件
NAME            STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
centos7-node1   NotReady   master   37m   v1.17.2
centos7-node2   NotReady   master   25m   v1.17.2
centos7-node3   NotReady   master   18m   v1.17.2

• 通过配置文件初始化master

$ cat kubeadm-1.17.2.yml 
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 48h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.56.11
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: centos7-node1
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.56.110
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.17.2
networking:
  dnsDomain: linux.local
  podSubnet: 10.10.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 172.26.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-1.17.2.yml     #其中一个master上一次，然后重新加入其他master节点即可

验证集群状态

• 安装网络插件flannel

$ vim /etc/hosts
# GitHub Start
52.74.223.119     github.com
192.30.253.119    gist.github.com
54.169.195.247    api.github.com
185.199.111.153   assets-cdn.github.com
151.101.76.133    raw.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    gist.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    cloud.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    camo.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars0.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars1.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars2.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars3.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars4.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars5.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars6.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars7.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133    avatars8.githubusercontent.com
# GitHub End
$ wget  wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
$ vim kube-flannel.yml   #子网与service一致
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.10.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
$ kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
$ kubectl get nodes             #master状态全部Ready      
NAME            STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
centos7-node1   Ready    master   38m   v1.17.2
centos7-node2   Ready    master   26m   v1.17.2
centos7-node3   Ready    master   19m   v1.17.2

验证node节点状态

$ cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-$basearch
enabled=1
EOF
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.17.2 kubeadm-1.17.2 
$ systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

node节点加入master

$ kubeadm join 192.168.56.14:6443 --token iou3pg.8q2f13dbw8z2l4lm     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e13d02eea0bd631ba8cae228a31b3cc783686544761de1b3c4d514f313f501c3

创建POD测试网络环境

• 创建kubernetes的流程： https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/#init-workflow

$ kubectl run net-test1 --image=alpine --replicas=3 sleep 360000   #创建测试
$ kubectl run net-test2 --image=alpine --replicas=3 sleep 360000
$  kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP          NODE            NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
net-test1   1/1     Running   1          17h   10.10.5.3   centos7-node8   <none>           <none>
net-test2   1/1     Running   1          17h   10.10.3.3   centos7-node7   <none>           <none>
/ # ping -c 3 qq.com     # 外网测试
PING qq.com (58.250.137.36): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 58.250.137.36: seq=0 ttl=127 time=42.395 ms
64 bytes from 58.250.137.36: seq=1 ttl=127 time=42.930 ms
64 bytes from 58.250.137.36: seq=2 ttl=127 time=42.146 ms
/ # ping -c 3 192.168.56.13           #宿主机测试
PING 192.168.56.13 (192.168.56.13): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.56.13: seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.438 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.56.13: seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.468 ms 
/ # ping -c 3 10.10.3.3   #pod间测试
PING 10.10.3.3 (10.10.3.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.10.3.3: seq=0 ttl=62 time=1.153 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.3.3: seq=1 ttl=62 time=1.069 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.3.3: seq=2 ttl=62 time=1.296 ms

部署web服务Dashboard

• 使用2.0.0-rc6版本

$ docker pull  kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc6
$ docker pull kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.3 
$ docker tag kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc6 harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc6
$ docker tag 3327f0dbcb4a harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/metrics-scraper:v1.0.3    #根据tag打镜像
$ docker login 
$ docker push harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc6
$ docker push harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/metrics-scraper:v1.0.3
# 修改配置
$ wget  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-rc6/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
$ vim dashboard-2.0.0-rc6.yml   #新增service的端口暴露与内网harbor
image: harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc6   #两处修改
image: harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/metrics-scraper:v1.0.3  #两处修改
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30002
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

$ vim admin-user.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

$  kubectl apply -f dashboard-2.0.0-rc6.yml
$ kubectl apply -f admin-user.yml 
$ kubectl get pod -A
$ kubectl get svc -A

访问任意主机的https://192.168.56.12:30002 即可

• 获取访问token即可登陆

  $ kubectl get secret -A | grep admin-user
  kubernetes-dashboard   admin-user-token-5vvwn        kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      6m17s
  $ kubectl describe secret admin-user-token-5vvwn -n kubernetes-dashboard  获取token即可

k8s集群升级

• 升级时间： 业务低峰期
• 升级方式
  • ansible
  • kubeadm

kubeadm升级方式

升级步骤

• 在所有master节点进行升级，升级管理断服务kube-controller-manager,kube-apiserver,kube-scheduler,kube-proxy
• 检查可升级的软件版本

$ yum list --showduplicates | grep kubeadm
$  yum -y install kubeadm-1.17.4
$  kubeadm upgrade plan  #检查升级计划

• 所有master节点都安装1.17.4的kubeadm

$ yum -y install kubeadm-1.17.4
$ kubeadm upgrade apply v1.17.4

• 更新master节点的kubectl,kubelet

$ yum -y install kubelet-1.17.4 kubectl-1.17.4
$ systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet

• 更新node节点

$ yum -y install kubeadm-1.17.4
$ kubeadm upgrade node --kubelet-version 1.17.4
$  yum -y install kubelet-1.17.4
$ systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet

• 验证升级结果

$ kubectl get nodes  
NAME            STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
centos7-node1   Ready      master   31h   v1.17.4
centos7-node2   Ready      master   30h   v1.17.4
centos7-node3   NotReady   master   30h   v1.17.4
centos7-node7   Ready      <none>   30h   v1.17.4
centos7-node8   Ready      <none>   29h   v1.17.4

测试运行Nginx+Tomcat

参考用例： https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/

• Nginx用例

$ docker pull nginx:1.14.2
$ docker tag nginx:1.14.2 harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/nginx:1.14.2
$ docker login harbor.magedu.com
$ docker push harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/nginx:1.14.2    #上传基础镜像到本地仓库
$ mkdir ~/kubeadm_demo/nginx && vim ~/kubeadm_demo/nginx/nginx.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: magedu-nginx-service-label
  name: magedu-nginx-service
  namespace: default
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 30004
  selector:
    app: nginx

$ kubectl apply -f ~/kubeadm_demo/nginx/nginx.yml
$ kubectl get pod -A
$ kubectl get svc -A
$  kubectl logs  nginx-deployment-79dbb87ff9-w5f87  -f   #查看nginx-deployment 访问日志

• haproxy和keepalived配置

  • 需要新增一个VIP（LB）
  • 将LB映射到haproxy对应的nodeport上
• tomcat配置

$ docker pull tomcat
$ docker run --name tomcat -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
$ docker exec -it tomcat bash
:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# echo "tomcat.app" > app/index.html

测试访问 http://192.168.56.11:8080/app/

在harbor创建linux公开仓库

• 准备dockerfile

$ mkdir ~/kubeadm_demo/tomcat && vim ~/kubeadm_demo/tomcat/Dockerfile
FROM tomcat
ADD ./app /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/app/
$ cd ~/kubeadm_demo/tomcat  && mkdir app && echo "tomcat APP" > app/index.html
$ docker build -t harbor.magedu.com/linux/tomcat:app .     #构建镜像
$ docker run --name t1 -it --rm -p 8080:8080 harbor.magedu.com/linux/tomcat:app   #测试镜像是否有误
$ docker push harbor.magedu.com/linux/tomcat:app

• 业务pod创建

[ tomcat]# vim tomcat.yml              
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: tomcat-deployment
  labels:
    app: tomcat
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: tomcat
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tomcat
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: tomcat
        image: harbor.magedu.com/linux/tomcat:app
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: magedu-tomcat-service-label
  name: magedu-tomcat-service
  namespace: default
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8080
    #nodePort: 30005
  selector:
    app: tomcat

• nginx代理请求到tomcat

$ cd ~/kubeadm_demo/nginx && vim Dockerfile
FROM nginx:1.14.2
ADD default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/ 
$ vim default.conf 
server {
    listen   80;
    server_name localhost;
    location /app {
       proxy_pass http://magedu-tomcat-service;   #tomcat的svc
    }
}
$ docker build -t harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/nginx:v0.1 .
$ docker push harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/nginx:v0.1 
$ vim nginx.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: harbor.magedu.com/baseimages/nginx:v0.1   #修改镜像
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: magedu-nginx-service-label
  name: magedu-nginx-service
  namespace: default
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 30004
  selector:
    app: nginx

$ kubectl apply -f nginx.yml    #此时访问 http://192.168.56.11:30004/app/index.html   #即可

token过期问题

kubeadm token generate
kubeadm token create
kubeadm token delete