kubernetes（三）之Docker网络详解

虚拟网络类型

• 虚拟化常见的网络类型（虚拟桥接式网络）

  • 隔离桥：127.0.0.1
  • 仅主机桥：不能对外通信
  • 路由器桥： 可以被nat发出去，但是不能
  • NAT桥： NAT连接追踪实现主机与外部互相通信
• docker常见的网络类型
  • 桥网络： bridge，docker0 实现NAT
  • 联盟式网络：共享NET，IPC，UTS
  • host网络： 容器共享宿主机网络
  • none网络：封闭式网络
    

docker四类网络实践

• none封闭式网络： 只有lo网卡，其他的都没有

[ ~]# docker run --name tinyweb2 -it --rm --network none wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig -a
lo Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

• bridge：默认网络也是bridge

[ ~]# docker run --name tinyweb2  -d --network bridge wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4
[ ~]# docker exec -it tinyweb2    /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:07  
          inet addr:172.17.0.7 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:516 (516.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

• 联盟式网络：主机名，IP

[ ~]# docker run --name joinedc1 -it --rm --network container:tinyweb2 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 /bin/sh 
/ # ifconfig 
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:07  
          inet addr:172.17.0.7 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:656 (656.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

• host网络：共享宿主机所有网卡

[ ~]# docker run --name tintweb3 -it --rm --network host wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig
/data/web # /bin/httpd -h /data/web/html/

可以直接访问宿主机ip，得到对应的结果

docker其他网络参数

• 指定docker的主机名： 使用-h或者--hostname

[ ~]# docker run --name bbox2 -it --rm --hostname mybbox2.cropy.cn busybox
/ # hostname 
mybbox2.cropy.cn

• 增加hosts主机名解析(--add-host可以使用多次)

[ ~]# docker run --name bbox3 -it --rm --add-host bbox3.cropy.cn:172.17.0.10 --add-host gw.cropy.cn:172.17.0.1 busybox 
/ # ifconfig 
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:06  
          inet addr:172.17.0.6 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:586 (586.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.10 bbox3.cropy.cn

• 增加DNS注入（--dns,--dns-search）

[ ~]# docker run --name bbox3 -it --rm --add-host bbox3.cropy.cn:172.17.0.10 --add-host gw.cropy.cn:172.17.0.1 --dns 172.17.0.1 --dns 114.114.114.114 --dns-search cropy.cn busybox
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf 
search cropy.cn
nameserver 172.17.0.1
nameserver 114.114.114.114

端口映射

• 非docker环境下的映射

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d GW_IP  -p tcp|udp --dport 10080 -j DNAT --to-destination BE_server_IP:port

• EXPOSE(docker端口发布)： -p选项

• -p选项的使用格式
  • -p <containerPort> ： 将指定的容器端口映射至所在宿主机的任意端口
  • -p <hostPort>:<containerPort>：将容器端口映射至所在宿主机的指定端口
  • -p <ip>::<containerPort>： 将指定容器的端口映射至所在主机指定IP的动态端口
  • -p <ip>:<hostPort>:<containerPort>： 将指定容器的端口映射至所在主机指定IP的指定端口

实例

[ ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d --network bridge -p 80 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4    #随机端口映射
[ ~]# docker port mytinyweb3    #查看映射详情（iptables -t nat -vnL   这个也可以）
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768
[ ~]# docker kill mytinyweb3 && docker rm mytinyweb3    
[ ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d --rm --network bridge -p 80:80 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4   #指定端口映射
[ ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d  --network bridge -p 192.168.56.11::80 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 
[ ~]# docker kill mytinyweb3 && docker rm mytinyweb3      
[ ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d  --network bridge -p 192.168.56.11:80:80 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4
[ ~]# docker kill mytinyweb3 && docker rm mytinyweb3    
[ ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d --network bridge -p 80:80 -p 443:443 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4   #多端口映射

docker network操作

• 常用命令

[ ~]# docker network --help
Usage:  docker network COMMAND
Manage networks
Commands:
  connect     Connect a container to a network
  create      Create a network
  disconnect  Disconnect a container from a network
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more networks
  ls          List networks
  prune       Remove all unused networks
  rm          Remove one or more networks

• 实践操作

[ ~]# docker info | grep Network    #可以支持创建的网络类型
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
[ ~]# docker network create --subnet 10.10.0.0/24 mybr0    #创建mybr0 网络
[ ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -it --network mybr0 -p 80 -p 443 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 /bin/sh    #创建容器并查看ip    
/ # ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:0A:0A:00:02  
          inet addr:10.10.0.2  Bcast:10.10.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:1032 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
[ ~]# docker network connect bridge mytinyweb3    #另开终端，将mytinyweb3连入bridge（docker0: 172.17.0.0）网络
/ # ifconfig    #查看网络，发现mytinyweb3 有了两块网卡
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:0A:0A:00:02  
          inet addr:10.10.0.2  Bcast:10.10.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:656 (656.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:06  
          inet addr:172.17.0.6  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:656 (656.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
[ ~]# docker network disconnect bridge mytinyweb3   #去掉mytinyweb3的bridge网卡
[ ~]# docker kill mytinyweb3 && docker rm mytinyweb3
[ ~]# docker network rm mybr0

• 修改默认的docker0桥的地址,设置bip即可

[ ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "bip": "172.31.0.1/16",
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://0b8hhs68.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "storage-driver": "overlay2",
  "graph":"/data/docker",
  "storage-opts": [
    "overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
  ]
}
[ ~]# systemctl restart docker
[ ~]# ifconfig 
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.31.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.31.255.255