shell_innobackup增量备份步骤

alias start=‘service mysql.server start‘
alias restart=‘service mysql.server restart‘
alias stop=‘service mysql.server stop‘
alias kill=‘pkill -9 mysqld‘

一、全库备份
[ ~]# innobackupex --user=admin /xtrabackup_full/
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db01 |
| db02 |
| db03 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.15 sec)

二、全备后数据库更改操作
mysql> drop database db02;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.38 sec)
mysql> use db03
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_db03 |
+----------------+
| t1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | harry |
| 2 | tom |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(3,‘jack‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> update t1 set name=‘lisi‘ where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | lisi |
| 2 | tom |
| 3 | jack |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

三、增量备份1
[ ~]# innobackupex --user=admin --incremental /xtrabackup_incremental/ --incremental-basedir=/xtrabackup_full/2018-08-05_10-46-26/

四、增备1后数据库更改操作
mysql> create database db04;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table db04.t1(id int,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into db04.t1 values(11,‘MissHou‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from db04.t1;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 11 | MissHou |
+------+---------+
1 row in set (0.10 sec)

五、增量备份2
[ ~]# innobackupex --user=admin --incremental /xtrabackup_incremental/ --incremental-basedir=/xtrabackup_incremental/2018-08-05_11-08-50/

六、增量备份2后数据库更改操作
mysql> insert into db04.t1 values(12,‘Mona‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from db04.t1;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 11 | MissHou |
| 12 | Mona |
+------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

总结说明:
1.如果数据库在第2次增量备份后发生故障，那么数据恢复时只能够使用xtrabackup全量备份+xtrabackup增量备份恢复到第2次增量的点
2.如果要将数据库恢复到最新状态，需要结合binlog日志恢复
3.以上全量和增量的备份集是不能用的，需要将xtrabackup_log应用到全量的备份集中才有效

七、应用所有日志到全量备份集中
注意:
1). 除了最后一次增量备份应用日志可以不加--redo-only外,其他都要加;
只应用已经提交的事务，不回滚未提交的事务!!!
2). 应用日志到全量备份集中时一定要严格按照时间顺序执行，否则无效！

1. 应用全量备份日志xtrabackup_log到全量备份集中

[ ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /xtrabackup_full/2018-08-05_10-46-26/

2. 应该第一增量备份日志到全量备份集中
[ xtrabackup_incremental]# pwd
/xtrabackup_incremental
[ xtrabackup_incremental]# ll
total 0
drwxr-x--- 7 root root 252 Aug 5 11:08 2018-08-05_11-08-50
drwxr-x--- 8 root root 264 Aug 5 11:12 2018-08-05_11-12-26

[ ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /xtrabackup_full/2018-08-05_10-46-26/ --incremental-dir=/xtrabackup_incremental/2018-08-05_11-08-50/

3. 应用第二次增量备份日志到全量备份集中
注意：我这里没有加--redo-only

[ ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /xtrabackup_full/2018-08-05_10-46-26/ --incremental-dir=/xtrabackup_incremental/2018-08-05_11-12-26/

注意说明:
如果最后一次应用日志时没有加--redo-only那么以下操作可以省略；如果最后一次加了，可以使用以下语句进行回滚操作，回滚未提交的事务：
[ ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /xtrabackup_full/2018-08-05_10-46-26/

八、模拟数据损坏
[ ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/
[ data]# rm -rf *

九、使用innobackupex进行恢复

[ data]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --copy-back /xtrabackup_full/2018-08-05_10-46-26/
[ data]# chown -R mysql. .

十、验证数据是否一致
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db01 |
| db03 |
| db04 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from db03.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | lisi |
| 2 | tom |
| 3 | jack |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from db04.t1;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 11 | Ghost |
+------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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