Spring4.1新特性——数据库集成测试

Spring4.1新特性——综述

Spring4.1新特性——Spring核心部分及其他

Spring4.1新特性——Spring缓存框架增强

Spring4.1新特性——异步调用和事件机制的异常处理

Spring4.1新特性——数据库集成测试脚本初始化

Spring4.1新特性——Spring MVC增强

Spring4.1新特性——页面自动化测试框架Spring MVC Test HtmlUnit简介

Spring4.1新特性——静态资源处理增强

在Spring 4.1之前我们在准备测试数据时可能通过继承AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests，然后调用executeSqlScript()进行测试，其中存在一个主要问题：如果要同时执行多个数据源的初始化就靠不住了，而且使用起来也不是特别便利，Spring4.1提供了@Sql注解来完成这个任务。

1、初始化Spring配置：

<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource1" type="HSQL"/>
    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource2" type="HSQL"/>

    <bean id="txManager1" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource1"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="txManager2" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource2"/>
    </bean>

此处使用jdbc:embedded嵌入数据库来完成测试，数据库使用HSQL。

2、方法级别的@Sql

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@ContextConfiguration(value = "classpath:spring-datasource.xml")
@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD)
public class MethodLevelSqlTest {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate1;
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate2;
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("dataSource1")
    public void setDataSource1(DataSource dataSource1) {
        this.jdbcTemplate1 = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource1);
    }
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("dataSource2")
    public void setDataSource2(DataSource dataSource2) {
        this.jdbcTemplate2 = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource2);
    }


    @Test
    @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql", "classpath:updated-data.sql"},
            config =
            @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                    dataSource = "dataSource1", transactionManager = "txManager1"))
    public void test01_simple() {
        Assert.assertEquals(
                Integer.valueOf(3),
                jdbcTemplate1.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
    }


    @Test
    @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql"},
            config =
            @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                    dataSource = "dataSource2", transactionManager = "txManager2"))
    public void test02_simple() {
        Assert.assertEquals(
                Integer.valueOf(2),
                jdbcTemplate2.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
    }

}

方法级别的@Sql在每个方法上都会执行。其中@Sql可以指定多个sql文件，然后通过@SqlConfig指定其编码、分隔符、注释前缀、使用哪个数据源和事务管理器。

3、类级别的@Sql

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@ContextConfiguration(value = "classpath:spring-datasource.xml")
@Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql", "classpath:updated-data.sql"},
        config =
        @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                dataSource = "dataSource1", transactionManager = "txManager1"))
@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD)
public class ClassLevelSqlTest {

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate1;
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("dataSource1")
    public void setDataSource1(DataSource dataSource1) {
        this.jdbcTemplate1 = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource1);
    }

    @Test
    public void test01_simple() {
        Assert.assertEquals(
                Integer.valueOf(3),
                jdbcTemplate1.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
    }
}

类级别的对整个测试用例中的每个方法都起作用。

4、指定多个@Sql

Java8之前需要使用@SqlGroup，而Java8之后直接使用多个@Sql注解即可。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@ContextConfiguration(value = "classpath:spring-datasource.xml")
@Transactional()
@SqlGroup(
        {
                @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql", "classpath:updated-data.sql"},
                        config =
                        @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                                dataSource = "dataSource1", transactionManager = "txManager1")),
                @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql"},
                        config =
                        @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                                dataSource = "dataSource2", transactionManager = "txManager2"))
        }
)

@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD)
public class ClassLevelSqlGroupTest {

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate1;
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate2;
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("dataSource1")
    public void setDataSource1(DataSource dataSource1) {
        this.jdbcTemplate1 = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource1);
    }
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("dataSource2")
    public void setDataSource2(DataSource dataSource2) {
        this.jdbcTemplate2 = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource2);
    }


    @Test
    @Transactional()
    @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql", "classpath:updated-data.sql"},
            config =
            @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                    dataSource = "dataSource1", transactionManager = "txManager1"))
    public void test01_simple() {
        Assert.assertEquals(
                Integer.valueOf(3),
                jdbcTemplate1.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
    }


    @Test
    @Transactional()
    @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql"},
            config =
            @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                    dataSource = "dataSource2", transactionManager = "txManager2"))
    public void test02_simple() {
        Assert.assertEquals(
                Integer.valueOf(2),
                jdbcTemplate2.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
    }

}

也可以通过元注解把注解合并：

@SqlGroup(
        {
                @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql", "classpath:updated-data.sql"},
                        config =
                        @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                                dataSource = "dataSource1", transactionManager = "txManager1")),
                @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql"},
                        config =
                        @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                                dataSource = "dataSource2", transactionManager = "txManager2"))
        }
)
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Target(TYPE)
@interface CompositeSqlGroup {
}

直接使用@CompositeSqlGroup注解即可。

5、事务

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@ContextConfiguration(value = "classpath:spring-datasource.xml")
@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD)
public class TransactionalTest {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate1;
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate2;
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("dataSource1")
    public void setDataSource1(DataSource dataSource1) {
        this.jdbcTemplate1 = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource1);
    }
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("dataSource2")
    public void setDataSource2(DataSource dataSource2) {
        this.jdbcTemplate2 = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource2);
    }


    @Test
    @Transactional("txManager1")
    @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql", "classpath:updated-data.sql"},
            config =
            @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                    dataSource = "dataSource1", transactionManager = "txManager1"))
    public void test01_simple() {
        //判断是在事务中执行
        Assert.assertTrue(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive());
        Assert.assertTrue(TestTransaction.isActive());
        Assert.assertEquals(
                Integer.valueOf(3),
                jdbcTemplate1.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
    }


    @Test
    @Transactional("txManager2")
    @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql"},
            config =
            @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                    dataSource = "dataSource2", transactionManager = "txManager2"))
    public void test02_simple() {
        Assert.assertEquals(
                Integer.valueOf(2),
                jdbcTemplate2.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
    }


    @Test
    @Transactional("txManager2")
    @Sql(value = {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:init-data.sql"},
            config =
            @SqlConfig(encoding = "utf-8", separator = ";", commentPrefix = "--",
                    dataSource = "dataSource2", transactionManager = "txManager2"))
    public void test03_simple() {
        Assert.assertEquals(
                Integer.valueOf(2),
                jdbcTemplate2.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
        TestTransaction.flagForRollback();
    }

    @Rule
    public TestName testName = new TestName();
    @AfterTransaction
    public void afterTransaction() {
        System.out.println(testName.getMethodName());
        if("test03_simple".equals(testName.getMethodName())) {
            Assert.assertEquals(
                    Integer.valueOf(0),
                    jdbcTemplate2.queryForObject("select count(1) from users", Integer.class));
        }
    }
}

可以使用//判断是在事务中执行TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive()或TestTransaction.isActive()来判断是否是在事务中执行；通过TestTransaction.flagForRollback();来回滚事务；在测试用例中@AfterTransaction来断言回滚后数据没有插入。

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源码下载

https://github.com/zhangkaitao/spring4-1-showcase/tree/master/spring4.1-dbtest

Spring4.1新特性——数据库集成测试

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