老道长的测试生活 2020-06-14
一、MySQL自带的压力测试工具――Mysqlslap
mysqlslap是mysql自带的基准测试工具,该工具查询数据,语法简单,灵活容易使用.该工具可以模拟多个客户端同时并发的向服务器发出查询更新,给出了性能测试数据而且提供了多种引擎的性能比较。mysqlslap为mysql性能优化前后提供了直观的验证依据,系统运维和DBA人员应该掌握一些常见的压力测试工具,才能准确的掌握线上数据库支撑的用户流量上限及其抗压性等问题。
1、更改其默认的最大连接数
在对MySQL进行压力测试之前,需要更改其默认的最大连接数,如下:
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf ................ [mysqld] max_connections=1024 [root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
#查看最大连接数 mysql> show variables like 'max_connections'; +-----------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------+-------+ | max_connections | 1024 | +-----------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
进行压力测试:
[root@mysql ~]# mysqlslap --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --concurrency=100,200 --iterations=1 --number-int-cols=20 --number-char-cols=30 --auto-generate-sql --auto-generate-sql-add-autoincrement --auto-generate-sql-load-type=mixed --engine=myisam,innodb --number-of-queries=2000 -uroot -p123 --verbose
上述命令测试说明:模拟测试两次读写并发,第一次100,第二次200,自动生成SQL脚本,测试表包含20个init字段,30
个char字段,每次执行2000查询请求。测试引擎分别是myisam,innodb。(上述选项中有很多都是默认值,可以省略,如果想要了解各个选项的解释,可以使用mysqlslap --help进行查询)
上述命令返回结果如下:
测试结果说明: Myisam第一次100客户端同时发起增查用0.557/s,第二次200客户端同时发起增查用0.522/s Innodb第一次100客户端同时发起增查用0.256/s,第二次200客户端同时发起增查用0.303/s 。
可以根据实际需求,一点点的加大并发数量进行压力测试。
二、使用第三方sysbench工具进行压力测试
1、安装sysbench工具
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install epel-release #安装第三方epel源 [root@mysql ~]# yum -y install sysbench #安装sysbench工具 [root@mysql ~]# sysbench --version #确定工具已安装 sysbench 1.0.17
sysbench 可以进行以下测试:
2、查看sysbench工具的帮助选项
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --help Usage: sysbench [options]... [testname] [command] Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help # 可用的命令,四个 General options: # 通用选项 --threads=N 要使用的线程数,默认 1 个 [1] --events=N 最大允许的事件个数 [0] --time=N 最大的总执行时间,以秒为单位 [10] --forced-shutdown=STRING 在 --time 时间限制到达后,强制关闭之前等待的秒数,默认“off”禁用(number of seconds to wait after the --time limit before forcing shutdown, or 'off' to disable) [off] --thread-stack-size=SIZE 每个线程的堆栈大小 [64K] --rate=N 平均传输速率。0 则无限制 [0] --report-interval=N 以秒为单位定期报告具有指定间隔的中间统计信息 0 禁用中间报告 [0] --report-checkpoints=[LIST,...] 转储完整的统计信息并在指定的时间点重置所有计数器。参数是一个逗号分隔的值列表,表示从测试开始经过这个时间量时必须执行报告检查点(以秒为单位)。报告检查点默认关闭。 [] --debug[=on|off] 打印更多 debug 信息 [off] --validate[=on|off] 尽可能执行验证检查 [off] --help[=on|off] 显示帮助信息并退出 [off] --version[=on|off] 显示版本信息并退出 [off] --config-file=FILENAME 包含命令行选项的文件 --tx-rate=N 废弃,改用 --rate [0] --max-requests=N 废弃,改用 --events [0] --max-time=N 废弃,改用 --time [0] --num-threads=N 废弃,改用 --threads [1] Pseudo-Random Numbers Generator options: # 伪随机数发生器选项 --rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special] --rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12] --rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as 'special' (for special distribution) [1] --rand-spec-res=N percentage of 'special' values to use (for special distribution) [75] --rand-seed=N seed for random number generator. When 0, the current time is used as a RNG seed. [0] --rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distribution [0.2] Log options: # 日志选项 --verbosity=N verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3] --percentile=N percentile to calculate in latency statistics (1-100). Use the special value of 0 to disable percentile calculations [95] --histogram[=on|off] print latency histogram in report [off] General database options: # 通用的数据库选项 --db-driver=STRING 指定要使用的数据库驱动程序 ('help' to get list of available drivers) --db-ps-mode=STRING prepared statements usage mode {auto, disable} [auto] --db-debug[=on|off] print database-specific debug information [off] Compiled-in database drivers: # 冉ǖ氖菘馇绦颍现С MySQL 和 PostgreSQL mysql - MySQL driver pgsql - PostgreSQL driver mysql options: # MySQL 数据库专用选项 --mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost] --mysql-port=[LIST,...] MySQL server port [3306] --mysql-socket=[LIST,...] MySQL socket --mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest] --mysql-password=STRING MySQL password [] --mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest] --mysql-ssl[=on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off] --mysql-ssl-cipher=STRING use specific cipher for SSL connections [] --mysql-compression[=on|off] use compression, if available in the client library [off] --mysql-debug[=on|off] trace all client library calls [off] --mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,...] list of errors to ignore, or "all" [1213,1020,1205] --mysql-dry-run[=on|off] Dry run, pretend that all MySQL client API calls are successful without executing them [off] pgsql options: # PostgreSQL 数据库专用选项 --pgsql-host=STRING PostgreSQL server host [localhost] --pgsql-port=N PostgreSQL server port [5432] --pgsql-user=STRING PostgreSQL user [sbtest] --pgsql-password=STRING PostgreSQL password [] --pgsql-db=STRING PostgreSQL database name [sbtest] Compiled-in tests: # 冉ú馐岳嘈 fileio - File I/O test cpu - CPU performance test memory - Memory functions speed test threads - Threads subsystem performance test mutex - Mutex performance test See 'sysbench <testname> help' for a list of options for each test.
3、sysbench测试MySQL数据库性能
1)准备测试数据
#查看sysbench自带的lua脚本使用方法 [root@mysql ~]# sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua help #必须创建sbtest库,sbtest事sysbench默认使用的库名 [root@mysql ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123 create sbtest; #然后,准备测试所用的表,这些测试表放在测试库sbtest中。这里使用的lua脚本为/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua [root@mysql ~]# sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 \ > --mysql-port=3306 \ > --mysql-user=root \ > --mysql-password=123 \ > /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua \ > --tables=10 \ > --table_size=100000 \ > prepare #其中--tables=10表示创建10个测试表, #--table_size=100000表示每个表中插入10W行数据, #prepare表示这是准备数的过程。
2)确认测试数据以存在
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 sbtest; #登录到sbtest库 mysql> show tables; #查看相应的表 +------------------+ | Tables_in_sbtest | +------------------+ | sbtest1 | | sbtest10 | | sbtest2 | | sbtest3 | | sbtest4 | | sbtest5 | | sbtest6 | | sbtest7 | | sbtest8 | | sbtest9 | +------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from sbtest1; #随机选择一个表,确认其有100000条数据 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 100000 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
3)数据库测试和结果分析
稍微修改下之前准备数据的语句,就可以拿来测试了。
需要注意的是,之前使用的lua脚本为oltp_common.lua,它是一个通用脚本,是被其它lua脚本调用的,它不能直接拿来测试。
所以,我这里用oltp_read_write.lua脚本来做读、写测试。还有很多其它类型的测试,比如只读测试、只写测试、删除测试、大批量插入测试等等。可找到对应的lua脚本进行调用即可。
#执行测试命令如下: [root@mysql ~]# sysbench --threads=4 \ > --time=20 \ > --report-interval=5 \ > --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 \ > --mysql-port=3306 \ > --mysql-user=root \ > --mysql-password=123 \ > /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua \ > --tables=10 \ > --table_size=100000 \ > run
上述命令返回的结果如下:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --threads=4 --time=20 --report-interval=5 --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123 /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua --tables=10 --table_size=100000 run sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4) Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 4 Report intermediate results every 5 second(s) Initializing random number generator from current time Initializing worker threads... Threads started! #以下是每5秒返回一次的结果,统计的指标包括: # 线程数、tps(每秒事务数)、qps(每秒查询数)、 # 每秒的读/写/其它次数、延迟、每秒错误数、每秒重连次数 [ 5s ] thds: 4 tps: 1040.21 qps: 20815.65 (r/w/o: 14573.17/4161.25/2081.22) lat (ms,95%): 7.17 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00 [ 10s ] thds: 4 tps: 1083.34 qps: 21667.15 (r/w/o: 15165.93/4334.55/2166.68) lat (ms,95%): 6.55 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00 [ 15s ] thds: 4 tps: 1121.57 qps: 22429.09 (r/w/o: 15700.64/4485.30/2243.15) lat (ms,95%): 6.55 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00 [ 20s ] thds: 4 tps: 1141.69 qps: 22831.98 (r/w/o: 15982.65/4566.16/2283.18) lat (ms,95%): 6.09 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00 SQL statistics: queries performed: read: 307146 # 执行的读操作数量 write: 87756 # 执行的写操作数量 other: 43878 # 执行的其它操作数量 total: 438780 transactions: 21939 (1096.57 per sec.) # 执行事务的平均速率 queries: 438780 (21931.37 per sec.) # 平均每秒能执行多少次查询 ignored errors: 0 (0.00 per sec.) reconnects: 0 (0.00 per sec.) General statistics: total time: 20.0055s # 总消耗时间 total number of events: 21939 # 总请求数量(读、写、其它) Latency (ms): min: 1.39 avg: 3.64 max: 192.05 95th percentile: 6.67 # 采样计算的平均延迟 sum: 79964.26 Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 5484.7500/15.12 execution time (avg/stddev): 19.9911/0.00
4、cpu/io/内存等测试
sysbench内置的几个测试指标如下:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --help .......... # 省略部分内容 Compiled-in tests: fileio - File I/O test cpu - CPU performance test memory - Memory functions speed test threads - Threads subsystem performance test mutex - Mutex performance test
可以直接help输出测试方法,例如,fileio测试:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench fileio help sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4) fileio options: --file-num=N number of files to create [128] --file-block-size=N block size to use in all IO operations [16384] --file-total-size=SIZE total size of files to create [2G] --file-test-mode=STRING test mode {seqwr, seqrewr, seqrd, rndrd, rndwr, rndrw} --file-io-mode=STRING file operations mode {sync,async,mmap} [sync] --file-async-backlog=N number of asynchronous operatons to queue per thread [128] --file-extra-flags=[LIST,...] list of additional flags to use to open files {sync,dsync,direct} [] --file-fsync-freq=N do fsync() after this number of requests (0 - don't use fsync()) [100] --file-fsync-all[=on|off] do fsync() after each write operation [off] --file-fsync-end[=on|off] do fsync() at the end of test [on] --file-fsync-mode=STRING which method to use for synchronization {fsync, fdatasync} [fsync] --file-merged-requests=N merge at most this number of IO requests if possible (0 - don't merge) [0] --file-rw-ratio=N reads/writes ratio for combined test [1.5]
1)测试io性能
例如,创建5个文件,总共2G,每个文件大概400M。
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench fileio --file-num=5 --file-total-size=2G prepare [root@mysql ~]# ll -lh test* -rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.0 -rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.1 -rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.2 -rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.3 -rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.4
然后运行测试:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --events=5000 \ > --threads=16 \ > fileio \ > --file-num=5 \ > --file-total-size=2G \ > --file-test-mode=rndrw \ > --file-fsync-freq=0 \ > --file-block-size=16384 \ > run
返回的结果如下:
Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 16 Initializing random number generator from current time Extra file open flags: (none) 5 files, 409.6MiB each 2GiB total file size Block size 16KiB Number of IO requests: 5000 Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50 Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled. Using synchronous I/O mode Doing random r/w test Initializing worker threads... Threads started! File operations: reads/s: 9899.03 writes/s: 6621.38 fsyncs/s: 264.33 Throughput: # 吞吐量 read, MiB/s: 154.66 #表示读带宽 written, MiB/s: 103.46 #表示写的带宽 General statistics: total time: 0.3014s total number of events: 5000 Latency (ms): min: 0.00 avg: 0.81 max: 53.56 95th percentile: 4.10 sum: 4030.48 Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 312.5000/27.64 execution time (avg/stddev): 0.2519/0.02
2)测试cpu性能
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench cpu --threads=40 --events=10000 --cpu-max-prime=20000 run