libao 2014-04-03
代码如下:
* $0 :即命令本身,相当于c/c++中的argv[0] * $1 :第一个参数. * $2, $3, $4 ... :第2、3、4个参数,依次类推。 * $# 参数的个数,不包括命令本身 * $@ :参数本身的列表,也不包括命令本身 * $* :和$@相同,但"$*" 和 "$@"(加引号)并不同,"$*"将所有的参数解释成一个字符串,而"$@"是一个参数数组。
代码如下:
#!/bin/bash if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then echo "error.. need args" exit 1 fi echo "commond is $0" echo "args are:" for arg in "$@" do echo $arg done
代码如下:
./getargs.sh 11 22 cc commond is ./getargs.sh args are: 11 22 cc
代码如下:
[root@jbxue ~]$ type getopt getopt is /usr/bin/getopt [root@jbxue ~]$ type getopts getopts is a shell builtin
代码如下:
echo $* while getopts ":a:bc" opt do case $opt in a ) echo $optarg echo $optind;; b ) echo "b $optind";; c ) echo "c $optind";; ? ) echo "error" exit 1;; esac done echo $optind shift $(($optind - 1)) #通过shift $(($optind - 1))的处理,$*中就只保留了除去选项内容的参数,可以在其后进行正常的shell编程处理了。 echo $0 echo $*
代码如下:
./getopts.sh -a 11 -b -c -a 11 -b -c 11 3 b 4 c 5 5 ./getopts.sh
代码如下:
#!/bin/bash # a small example program for using the new getopt(1) program. # this program will only work with bash(1) # an similar program using the tcsh(1) script. language can be found # as parse.tcsh # example input and output (from the bash prompt): # ./parse.bash -a par1 'another arg' --c-long 'wow!*\?' -cmore -b " very long " # option a # option c, no argument # option c, argument `more' # option b, argument ` very long ' # remaining arguments: # --> `par1' # --> `another arg' # --> `wow!*\?' # note that we use `"$@"' to let each command-line parameter expand to a # separate word. the quotes around `$@' are essential! # we need temp as the `eval set --' would nuke the return value of getopt. #-o表示短选项,两个冒号表示该选项有一个可选参数,可选参数必须紧贴选项 #如-carg 而不能是-c arg #--long表示长选项 #"$@"在上面解释过 # -n:出错时的信息 # -- :举一个例子比较好理解: #我们要创建一个名字为 "-f"的目录你会怎么办? # mkdir -f #不成功,因为-f会被mkdir当作选项来解析,这时就可以使用 # mkdir -- -f 这样-f就不会被作为选项。 temp=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \ -n 'example.bash' -- "$@"` if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "terminating..." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi # note the quotes around `$temp': they are essential! #set 会重新排列参数的顺序,也就是改变$1,$2...$n的值,这些值在getopt中重新排列过了 eval set -- "$temp" #经过getopt的处理,下面处理具体选项。 while true ; do case "$1" in -a|--a-long) echo "option a" ; shift ;; -b|--b-long) echo "option b, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;; -c|--c-long) # c has an optional argument. as we are in quoted mode, # an empty parameter will be generated if its optional # argument is not found. case "$2" in "") echo "option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;; *) echo "option c, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;; esac ;; --) shift ; break ;; *) echo "internal error!" ; exit 1 ;; esac done echo "remaining arguments:" for arg do echo '--> '"\`$arg'" ; done
代码如下:
./getopt.sh --b-long abc -a -c33 remain option b, argument `abc' option a option c, argument `33' remaining arguments: --> `remain'