日志服务器

提高安全性
集中存放日志
缺陷：对日志的分析困难

ELK日志分析系统

Elasticsearch：存储，索引池
Logstash：日志收集器
Kibana：数据可视化

日志处理步骤

1，将日志进行集中化管理
2，将日志格式化（Logstash）并输出到Elasticsearch
3，对格式化后的数据进行索引和存储（Elasticsearch）
4，前端数据的展示（Kibana）

Elasticsearch的概述

提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎

Elasticsearch的概念

接近实时
集群
节点
索引：索引(库)-->类型(表)-->文档(记录)
分片和副本

Logstash介绍

一款强大的数据处理工具，可以实现数据传输、格式处理、格式化输出
数据输入、数据加工(如过滤，改写等)以及数据输出

LogStash主要组件

Shipper
Indexer
Broker
Search and Storage
Web Interface

Kibana介绍

一个针对Elasticsearch的开源分析及可视化平台
搜索、查看存储在Elasticsearch索引中的数据
通过各种图表进行高级数据分析及展示

Kibana主要功能

Elasticsearch无缝之集成
整合数据，复杂数据分析
让更多团队成员受益
接口灵活，分享更容易
配置简单，可视化多数据源
简单数据导出

实验环境

1、在node1，node2上安装elasticsearch（操作相同，只演示一台）

[ ~]# vim /etc/hosts  ##配置解析名
192.168.52.133 node1
192.168.52.134 node2
[ ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service  ##关闭防火墙
[ ~]# setenforce 0    ##关闭增强型安全功能
[ ~]# java -version  ##查看是否支持Java
[ ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.100/tools /mnt/tools/    ##挂载
Password for //192.168.100.100/tools:  
[ ~]# cd /mnt/tools/elk/
[ elk]# rpm -ivh elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm   ##安装
警告：elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID d88e42b4: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
Creating elasticsearch group... OK
Creating elasticsearch user... OK
正在升级/安装...
   1:elasticsearch-0:5.5.0-1          ################################# [100%]
### NOT starting on installation, please execute the following statements to configure elasticsearch service to start automatically using systemd
 sudo systemctl daemon-reload
 sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
### You can start elasticsearch service by executing
 sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service
[ elk]# systemctl daemon-reload  ##重载守护进程
[ elk]# systemctl enable elasticsearch.service   ##开机自启
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/elasticsearch.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service.
[ elk]# cd /etc/elasticsearch/
[ elasticsearch]# cp elasticsearch.yml elasticsearch.yml.bak  ##备份
[ elasticsearch]# vim elasticsearch.yml  ##修改配置文件
cluster.name: my-elk-cluster  ##集群名
node.name: node1    ##节点名，第二个节点为node2
path.data: /data/elk_data   ##数据存放位置
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch/  ##日志存放位置
bootstrap.memory_lock: false  ##不在启动时锁定内存
network.host: 0.0.0.0   ##提供服务绑定的IP地址，为所有地址
http.port: 9200  ##端口号为9200
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1", "node2"]  ##集群发现通过单播实现
[ elasticsearch]# grep -v "^#" /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml   ##检查配置是否正确
cluster.name: my-elk-cluster
node.name: node1
path.data: /data/elk_data
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch/
bootstrap.memory_lock: false
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1", "node2"]
[ elasticsearch]# mkdir -p /data/elk_data   ##创建数据存放点
[ elasticsearch]# chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/elk_data/  ##给权限
[ elasticsearch]# systemctl start elasticsearch.service   ##开启服务
[ elasticsearch]# netstat -ntap | grep 9200  ##查看开启情况
tcp6       0      0 :::9200                 :::*                    LISTEN      83358/java      
[ elasticsearch]#

查看node1节点信息

查看node2节点信息

2、在浏览器上检查健康和状态

node1健康检查

node2健康检查

node1状态

node2状态

3、在node1，node2上安装node组件依赖包（操作相同，只演示一个）

[ elasticsearch]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make -y  ##安装编译工具
[ elasticsearch]# cd /mnt/tools/elk/
[ elk]# tar xf node-v8.2.1.tar.gz -C /opt/  ##解压插件
[ elk]# cd /opt/node-v8.2.1/
[ node-v8.2.1]# ./configure   ##配置
[ node-v8.2.1]# make && make install   ##编译安装

4、在node1，node2上安装phantomjs前端框架

[ node-v8.2.1]# cd /mnt/tools/elk/
[ elk]# tar xf phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src/
##解压到/usr/local/src下
[ elk]# cd /usr/local/src/phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64/bin/
[ bin]# cp phantomjs /usr/local/bin/   ##编译系统识别

5、在node1，node2上安装elasticsearch-head数据可视化

[ bin]# cd /mnt/tools/elk/
[ elk]# tar xf elasticsearch-head.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/  ##解压
[ elk]# cd /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head/
[ elasticsearch-head]# npm install  ##安装
npm WARN  license should be a valid SPDX license expression
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY:  (node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for : wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"x64"})

added 71 packages in 7.262s
[ elasticsearch-head]#

6、修改配置文件

[ elasticsearch-head]# cd ~
[ ~]# vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
#末行插入
http.cors.enabled: true   ##开启跨域访问支持，默认为false
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"    ##跨域访问允许的域名地址
[ ~]# systemctl restart elasticsearch.service  ##重启

[ ~]# cd /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head/
[ elasticsearch-head]# npm run start &   ##后台运行数据可视化服务
[1] 83664
[ elasticsearch-head]# 
>  start /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head
> grunt server

Running "connect:server" (connect) task
Waiting forever...
Started connect web server on http://localhost:9100

[ elasticsearch-head]# 
[ elasticsearch-head]# netstat -ntap | grep 9200
tcp6       0      0 :::9200                 :::*                    LISTEN      83358/java          
[ elasticsearch-head]# netstat -ntap | grep 9100
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9100            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      83674/grunt         
[ elasticsearch-head]#

7、在浏览器上连接并查看健康值状态

node1


node2

8、在node1上创建索引

[ ~]# curl -XPUT ‘localhost:9200/index-demo/test/1?pretty&pretty‘ -H ‘content-Type: application/json‘ -d ‘{"user":"zhangsan","mesg":"hello world"}‘
##创建索引信息
{
  "_index" : "index-demo",
  "_type" : "test",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "created" : true
}
[ ~]#

9、在Apache服务器上安装logstash，多elasticsearch进行对接

[ ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[ ~]# setenforce 0
[ ~]# yum install httpd -y   ##安装服务
[ ~]# systemctl start httpd.service   ##启动服务
[ ~]# java -version
[ ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.100/tools /mnt/tools/   ##挂载
Password for //192.168.100.100/tools:  
[ ~]# cd /mnt/tools/elk/
[ elk]# rpm -ivh logstash-5.5.1.rpm   ##安装logstash
警告：logstash-5.5.1.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID d88e42b4: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:logstash-1:5.5.1-1               ################################# [100%]
Using provided startup.options file: /etc/logstash/startup.options
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
Successfully created system startup script for Logstash
[ elk]# systemctl start logstash.service    ##开启服务
[ elk]# systemctl enable logstash.service   ##开机自启
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/logstash.service to /etc/systemd/system/logstash.service.
[ elk]# ln -s /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash /usr/local/bin/  ##便于系统识别
[ elk]#

10、将系统日志文件输出到elasticsearch

[ elk]# chmod o+r /var/log/messages   ##给其他用户读权限
[ elk]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/system.conf  ##创建文件
input {
                file{
                path => "/var/log/messages"   ##输出目录
                type => "system"
                start_position => "beginning"
                }
}
output {
                elasticsearch {
                #输入地址指向node1节点
                hosts => ["192.168.13.129:9200"]
                index => "system-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
                }
}
[ elk]# systemctl restart logstash.service  ##重启服务
##也可以用数据浏览查看详细信息

11、在node1服务器上安装kibana数据可视化

[ ~]# cd /mnt/tools/elk/
[ elk]# rpm -ivh kibana-5.5.1-x86_64.rpm   ##安装
警告：kibana-5.5.1-x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID d88e42b4: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:kibana-5.5.1-1                   ################################# [100%]

[ elk]# cd /etc/kibana/
[ kibana]# cp kibana.yml kibana.yml.bak  ##备份
[ kibana]# vim kibana.yml   ##修改配置文件
server.port: 5601  ##端口号
server.host: "0.0.0.0"   ##监听任意网段
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.13.129:9200"  ##本机节点地址
kibana.index: ".kibana"   ##索引名称
[ kibana]# systemctl start kibana.service   ##开启服务
[ kibana]# systemctl enable kibana.service    ##开机自启
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kibana.service to /etc/systemd/system/kibana.service.
[ elk]# 
[ elk]# netstat -ntap | grep 5601   ##查看端口
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:5601          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      84837/node          
[ elk]#

12、浏览器访问kibana

13、在apache服务器中对接apache日志文件，进行统计

[ elk]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/apache_log.conf  ##创建配置文件
input {
                file{
                path => "/etc/httpd/logs/access_log"   ##输入信息
                type => "access"
                start_position => "beginning"
                }
                file{
                path => "/etc/httpd/logs/error_log"
                type => "error"
                start_position => "beginning"
                }
}
output {
                if [type] == "access" {     ##根据条件判断输出信息
                elasticsearch {
                hosts => ["192.168.13.129:9200"]
                index => "apache_access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
                }
        }   
                if [type] == "error" {
                elasticsearch {
                hosts => ["192.168.13.129:9200"]
                index => "apache_error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
                }
        }
}
[ elk]# logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/apache_log.conf  
##根据配置文件配置logstach

14、访问网页信息，查看kibana统计情况

只有error日志

浏览器访问Apache服务

生成access日志

##选择management>Index Patterns>create index patterns
##创建apache两个日志的信息

在kibana创建access访问日志

在kibana创建error访问日志

查看access日志统计情况

查看error日志统计情况

实验成功！！！