Python之hashlib模块的使用

路漫 2019-12-22

hashlib模块主要的作用:

加密保护消息安全,常用的加密算法如MD5,SHA1等。

1、查看可用的算法有哪些

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib

# 始终可用的算法
print(‘始终可用的算法 : {}‘.format(sorted(hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed)))
print(‘需要结合OpenSSL可用算法 : {}‘.format(sorted(hashlib.algorithms_available)))

hashlib_algorithms.py

运行效果

[ mnt]# python3 hashlib_algorithms.py 
始终可用的算法 : [‘blake2b‘, ‘blake2s‘, ‘md5‘, ‘sha1‘, ‘sha224‘, ‘sha256‘, ‘sha384‘, ‘sha3_224‘, ‘sha3_256‘, ‘sha3_384‘, ‘sha3_512‘, ‘sha512‘, ‘shake_128‘, ‘shake_256‘]
需要结合OpenSSL可用算法 : [‘DSA‘, ‘DSA-SHA‘, ‘MD4‘, ‘MD5‘, ‘RIPEMD160‘, ‘SHA‘, ‘SHA1‘, ‘SHA224‘, ‘SHA256‘, ‘SHA384‘, ‘SHA512‘, ‘blake2b‘, ‘blake2s‘, ‘dsaEncryption‘, ‘dsaWithSHA‘, ‘ecdsa-with-SHA1‘, ‘md4‘, ‘md5‘, ‘ripemd160‘, ‘sha‘, ‘sha1‘, ‘sha224‘, ‘sha256‘, ‘sha384‘, ‘sha3_224‘, ‘sha3_256‘, ‘sha3_384‘, ‘sha3_512‘, ‘sha512‘, ‘shake_128‘, ‘shake_256‘, ‘whirlpool‘]

 2、md5加密算法(没有加盐)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib

md5_obj = hashlib.md5()
md5_obj.update(‘123456‘.encode(‘utf-8‘))
print(md5_obj.hexdigest())

hashlib_md5.py

 运行效果

[ mnt]# python3 hashlib_md5.py 
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e

  3、md5加密算法(加盐)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib

salt = ‘1234‘
md5_obj = hashlib.md5(salt.encode(‘utf-8‘))
md5_obj.update(‘123456‘.encode(‘utf-8‘))
print(md5_obj.hexdigest())

hashlib_md5_salt.py

 运行效果

[ mnt]# python3 hashlib_md5_salt.py 
b38e2bf274239ff5dd2b45ee9ae099c9

  4、sha1加密算法

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib

sha1_obj = hashlib.sha1()
sha1_obj.update(‘123456‘.encode(‘utf-8‘))
print(sha1_obj.hexdigest())

hashlib_sha1.py

 运行效果

[ mnt]# python3 hashlib_sha1.py 
7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b

 5、按加密算法名字进行动态加密(即hashlib.new(‘算法名字’))

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib
import argparse

lorem = ‘Hello World‘

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(‘hashlib Demo‘)
parser.add_argument(
    ‘hash_name‘,
    choices=hashlib.algorithms_available,
    help=‘请输入hashlib的名字‘
)

parser.add_argument(
    ‘data‘,
    nargs=‘?‘,
    default=lorem,
    help=‘请输入要加密的数据‘
)

args = parser.parse_args()
h = hashlib.new(args.hash_name)
h.update(args.data.encode(‘utf-8‘))
print(h.hexdigest())

hashlib_new.py

 运行效果

[ mnt]# python3 hashlib_new.py md5 123456
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e

[ mnt]# python3 hashlib_new.py sha1 123456
7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b

[ mnt]# python3 hashlib_new.py sha256 123456
8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92


[]# python3 hashlib_new.py sha512 123456
ba3253876aed6bc22d4a6ff53d8406c6ad864195ed144ab5c87621b6c233b548baeae6956df346ec8c17f5ea10f35ee3cbc514797ed7ddd3145464e2a0bab413

 6、大文件切片md5加密算法

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib

content = ‘‘‘Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation
ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis
aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat
cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt
mollit anim id est laborum.‘‘‘

#一次性加密:缺点文件大的话,加载到内存会导致内存溢出
h = hashlib.md5()
h.update(content.encode(‘utf-8‘))
all_at_once = h.hexdigest()

#利用生成器,切片加密,对大文件加密有用
def chunkize(size, text):
    start = 0
    while start < len(text):
        chuck = text[start:start + size]
        yield chuck
        start += size
    return

#一行一行加密
h = hashlib.md5()
for chunk in chunkize(64,content.encode((‘utf-8‘))):
    h.update(chunk)
line_by_line = h.hexdigest()

print(‘一性次加密结果 : ‘,all_at_once)
print(‘一行一行加密结果 : ‘,line_by_line)

hashlib_update.py

 运行效果

[ mnt]# python3 hashlib_update.py 
一性次加密结果 :  3f2fd2c9e25d60fb0fa5d593b802b7a8
一行一行加密结果 :  3f2fd2c9e25d60fb0fa5d593b802b7a8

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