Palingenesis 2019-06-28
Butterknife中文又名黄油刀,是 JakeWharton大神开源的一款Android视图的字段和方法绑定
快速注解框架.也是Android开发中比较常用的一款快速注解框架了,可以不用不断的重复findViewById
,在各种场合下快速绑定view的多种事件,大大提高了开发的效率.
为什么开发用Butterknife?
1、强大的View绑定和Click事件处理功能,简化代码,提升开发效率
2、方便的处理Adapter里的ViewHolder绑定问题
3、运行时不会影响APP效率,使用配置方便
4、代码清晰,可读性强
5、............
使用配置
build.gradle
中添加如下配置:dependencies { implementation 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.8.1' annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.8.1' }
简单使用如下:
class ExampleActivity extends Activity { @BindView(R.id.user) EditText username; @BindView(R.id.pass) EditText password; @BindString(R.string.login_error) String loginErrorMessage; @OnClick(R.id.submit) void submit() { // TODO call server... } @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity); ButterKnife.bind(this); // TODO Use fields... } }
1.在 Android project的build.gradle
中添加如下配置:
buildscript { repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-gradle-plugin:8.8.1' } }
2.在Library的build.gradle
中添加如下配置:
apply plugin: 'com.android.library' apply plugin: 'com.jakewharton.butterknife'
值得注意的是,在Library中使用Butterknife注解使用的是R2.而不是R.
如下:
class ExampleActivity extends Activity { @BindView(R2.id.user) EditText username; @BindView(R2.id.pass) EditText password; ... }
ButterKnife使用场景如下:
1.在Activity中绑定ButterKnife:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @BindView(R.id.butter) Button button; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ButterKnife.bind(this); } @OnClick(R.id.butter) public void onClick(){ Log.e("111111","11111"); Toast.makeText(this, "绑定单个view事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }
值得注意的是:ButterKnife.bind(this)必须在初始化绑定布局文件之后,否则会报错
2.在Fragment中绑定ButterKnife:
public class ExampleFragment extends Fragment { private Unbinder unbinder; @BindView(R.id.example) Button example; @Nullable @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = View.inflate(getContext(),R.layout.fragment_example,null); unbinder = ButterKnife.bind(this,view); return view; } @Override public void onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView(); unbinder.unbind();//视图销毁时必须解绑 } }
值得注意的是:在Fragment中需要在视图销毁时解绑Butterknife,否则会造成内存泄漏.
3.在Adapter的ViewHolder中绑定Butterknife:
@NonNull @Override public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) { View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.recy_dynamic_state_item,parent,false); MyViewHolder myViewHolder = new MyViewHolder(itemView);//此处将view传入 itemView.setOnClickListener(this); return myViewHolder; } public class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder { @BindView(R.id.iv_photo) SimpleDraweeView simpleDraweeView; @BindView(R.id.tv_title) TextView tvTitle; @BindView(R.id.tv_detail) TextView tvDetail; @BindView(R.id.date) TextView date; @BindView(R.id.avatar_user) SimpleDraweeView avatarUser; @BindView(R.id.username) TextView userName; public MyViewHolder(View itemView) { super(itemView); ButterKnife.bind(this,itemView);//此处进行绑定 }
1.单个控件id 注解: @BindView()
@BindView(R.id.example) Button example;
2.布局内多个控件id 注解: @BindViews()
@BindViews({R.id.butter,R.id.butter1,R.id.butter2}) List<Button> buttons;
1.绑定string 字符串:@BindString()
@BindString(R.string.app_name) //绑定资源文件中string字符串 String name;
2.绑定array数组:@BindArray()
<resources> <string name="app_name">开眼视频</string> <string-array name="weather"> <item>高温</item> <item>低温</item> <item>阴天</item> <item>雨天</item> <item>晴天</item> </string-array> </resources>
@BindArray(R.array.weather) //绑定string资源里面array数组 String [] weathers ;
3.绑定颜色值:@BindColor( )
@BindColor( R.color.colorPrimary) //绑定color文件中颜色值 int colorPrimary;
4.绑定Bitmap:@BindBitmap( )
@BindBitmap(R.mipmap.ic_launcher) Bitmap bitmap;
5.其他资源绑定:
@BindBool(R.bool.is_tablet) boolean isTablet; //绑定真假boolean @BindFont(R.font.comic_sans) Typeface comicSans; //绑定字体文字 @BindDimen(R.dimen.horizontal_gap) int gapPx //绑定尺寸 @BindDimen(R.dimen.horizontal_gap) float gap; //绑定尺寸 @BindAnim(R.anim.fade_in) Animation fadeIn; //绑定动画 @BindDrawable(R.drawable.placeholder) Drawable placeholder;//绑定Drawable
1.绑定控件点击事件:@OnClick( )
@OnClick(R.id.butter) public void onClick(){ Toast.makeText(this, "绑定单个view事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }
@OnClick({R.id.share_wechat,R.id.share_moments,R.id.share_weibo}) public void onClick(){ Toast.makeText(this, "都执行此事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }
@OnClick({R.id.share_wechat,R.id.share_moments,R.id.share_weibo}) public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()){ case R.id.share_wechat: sharePlatform(Wechat.NAME); break; case R.id.share_moments: sharePlatform(WechatMoments.NAME); break; case R.id.share_weibo: sharePlatform(SinaWeibo.NAME); break; } }
2.绑定控件长按事件:@OnLongClick( )
@OnLongClick( R.id.button1 ) //给 button1 设置一个长按事件 public boolean onLongClick (){ Toast.makeText(this, "is a long click", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true ; }
3.其他事件绑定
//选中,选中取消 @OnCheckedChanged(R.id.example) public void onChecked(boolean checked) { Toast.makeText(this, checked ? "Checked!" : "Unchecked!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //软键盘的功能按键 @OnEditorAction(R.id.example) public boolean onEditorAction(KeyEvent key) { Toast.makeText(this, "Pressed: " + key, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true; } //焦点改变 @OnFocusChange(R.id.example) public void onFocusChanged(boolean focused) { Toast.makeText(this, focused ? "Gained focus" : "Lost focus", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //Item长按,返回true则可以拦截onItemClick @OnItemLongClick(R.id.example_list) public boolean onItemLongClick(int position) { Toast.makeText(this, "Long clicked position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true; } //Item点击事件 @OnItemClick(R.id.example_list) public void onItemClick(int position) { Toast.makeText(this, "Clicked position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //Item被选择事件 @OnItemSelected(R.id.example_list) public void onItemSelected(int position) { Toast.makeText(this, "Selected position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //EditText里面的文本变化事件 @OnTextChanged(R.id.example) public void onTextChanged(CharSequence text) { Toast.makeText(this, "Text changed: " + text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //页面改变事件 @OnPageChange(R.id.example_pager) public void onPageSelected(int position) { Toast.makeText(this, "Selected " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //触摸事件 @OnTouch(R.id.example) public boolean onTouch() { Toast.makeText(this, "Touched!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return false; }
Action接口主要是为了对View或者Views进行管理初始化等操作,而Setter接口其实就是对view或者views的属性或者值进行操作.使用 ButterKnife.apply()方法启用接口.
ButterKnife.Action<View> action = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() { @Override public void apply(@NonNull View view, int index) { if (view instanceof Button ){ Button button = (Button) view; button.setText("点击我"); } } }; ButterKnife.Setter<View,Boolean> setter = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() { @Override public void set(@NonNull View view, Boolean value, int index) { view.setEnabled(value); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ButterKnife.bind(this); ButterKnife.apply(buttons,action);//初始化或修改每个view的属性值 ButterKnife.apply(buttons,setter,true); }
当熟悉了Butterknife 的基本用法后,有时候还是要写很多@BindView()之类的,是不是很烦,没关系,最后教你们一招偷懒的方式,当然是用插件了,嘿嘿.
1.安装插件
步骤如下:
打开Android studio:点击File--->Settings--->Plugins--->搜索 Butterknife Zelezny--->下载安装--->重启Android studio.
做完以上步骤,就可以愉快的写代码了.
2.使用插件
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//将光标移到布局文件处 ButterKnife.bind(this); }
右击Generate,如下:
打开就看见我们布局文件中所有控件了.选择你需要的就可以开始了.
好了,关于Butterknife注解就结束到这里了,还有很多用法没有介绍到,不过并不妨碍我们愉快的使用Butterknife了,赶快去试试吧.
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