ajaxhe 2015-07-02
本篇文章主要是对学的AJAX做一个简单的总结和应用,实现一个城市选择的级联操作。
1,前台form表单实现城市的级联
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>级联下拉案例</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="/selectHTML.js"></script> </head> <body> 省份: <select name="province" id="province" onchange="loadCitys(this);"> </select>   城市: <select name="city" id="city"> <option value='-1'>---请选择---</option> </select> </body> </html>
2,实现级联的js代码(主要是通过AJAX技术实现前后台数据交互)
function createAjax(){ // 解决浏览器兼容性问题 var ajax; try { ajax = new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch (e) { ajax = new ActiveXObject("Mircosoft.XMLHTTP"); } return ajax; } // 1.在页面加载完毕后,通过AJAX方式,动态加载省份信息 window.onload=function(){ var provinceSel = document.getElementById("province"); provinceSel.innerHTML="<option value='-1'>---请选择---</option>"; // 创建核心对象 var ajax = createAjax(); // 添加状态监听 ajax.onreadystatechange=function(){ if(ajax.readyState==4 && ajax.status==200){ var resp = ajax.responseText; //console.debug(resp); provinceSel.innerHTML+=resp; } }; // 创建http请求 ajax.open("get","/province"); // 发送请求 ajax.send(); }; function onchange(){ // this >> provinceSel //[window.]loadCitys(this); } // 2.在选择某个省份后,及时加载这个省份对应的城市信息 function loadCitys(privinceSel){ // 获取选中的省份ID var pid = privinceSel.value; // 获取城市select var citySel = document.getElementById("city"); citySel.innerHTML="<option value='-1'>---请选择---</option>"; // 创建核心对象 var ajax = createAjax(); // 添加状态监听 ajax.onreadystatechange=function(){ if(ajax.readyState==4 && ajax.status==200){ var resp = ajax.responseText; //console.debug(resp); citySel.innerHTML += resp; } }; // 创建http请求 ajax.open("get","/loadCityByProvince?provinceId="+pid); // 发送请求 ajax.send(); }
3,Servlet后台获取省级信息代码
package ajax.web; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import ajax.domain.Province; @WebServlet("/province") public class ProvinceServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 设置编码 req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 加载后台省份信息 List<Province> provinceList = Province.getAllProvince(); // 准备响应配置 resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter(); // 遍历每一个省份信息.返回<option value="1">四川</option>结构 for (Province province : provinceList) { writer.write("<option value='"+province.getId()+"'>"+province.getName()+"</option>"); } } }
使用json时要依赖的jar文件,在使用jquery的json时,没有引用该文件的时候容易报错。
4,Servlet获取市级城市信息
package ajax.web; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import ajax.domain.City; import ajax.domain.Province; @WebServlet("/loadCityByProvince") public class CityServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 设置编码 req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 获取请求省份信息 String provinceId = req.getParameter("provinceId"); // 根据省份信息,加载对应的城市信息 List<City> citys = City.getCityByProvinceId(Long.parseLong(provinceId)); // 准备响应配置 resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter(); // 遍历每一个省份信息.返回<option value="1">成都</option>结构 for (City city : citys) { writer.write("<option value='"+city.getId()+"'>"+city.getName()+"</option>"); } } }
5,Servlet获取市级城市信息(这儿返回的数据为JSON格式)
package ajax.web; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import net.sf.json.JSONSerializer; import ajax.domain.City; import ajax.domain.Province; @WebServlet("/loadCityByProvinceJSON") public class CityJSONServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 设置编码 req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 获取请求省份信息 String provinceId = req.getParameter("provinceId"); // 根据省份信息,加载对应的城市信息 List<City> citys = City.getCityByProvinceId(Long.parseLong(provinceId)); // 准备响应配置 resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter(); // 遍历每一个省份信息.返回<option value="1">成都</option>结构 writer.write(JSONSerializer.toJSON(citys).toString()); } }
web.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name>Welcome to Tomcat</display-name> <description> Welcome to Tomcat </description> </web-app>
如果上述Servlet返回JSON数据,会依赖JSON相关jar包
ezmorph-1.0.6:使用json时要依赖的jar文件,在使用jquery的json时,没有引用该文件的时候容易报错。
json-lib-2.3-jdk15:JSON核心包
使用json-lib-2.2.3-jdk15.jar必要也要导入它的依赖包:
ezmorph-1.0.6.jar
commons-lang 2.4
commons-beanutils 1.7.0
commons-collections 3.2
commons-logging 1.1.1