Ubuntu 14.10下基于Nginx搭建mp4/flv流媒体服务器
zgsky0 2015-08-08
Ubuntu 14.10下基于Nginx搭建mp4/flv流媒体服务器(可随意拖动)并支持RTMP/HLS协议(含转码工具)
步骤如下：
step1准备ubuntu的环境：
sudo apt-get update
期间遇到了一些ubuntu的问题，总之就是倒腾ubuntu的依赖包。
一些指导：
sudo apt-get -f dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f
apt-cache depends linux-{image,headers}-generic
apt-cache rdepend linux-image-3.16.0-41-generic:i386
do-release-upgrade 又提示 ubuntu boot空间不足
然后就是手动的mv 一个 文件到其他地方，腾出boot的空间，然后重新启动reboot，然后再次 apt-get update 就可以了step2 安装必要的一些libs：
sudo apt-get install build-essential libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libssl-dev
sudo apt-get install gcc make automake bzip2 unzip patch subversion libjpeg62-dev
我使用的是root用户 cd ~ mkdir working wget http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz tar zxvf yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz cd yasm-1.2.0 ./configure make && make install cd ~/working
step3 卸载系统原有的ffmgeg和x.264，没有则跳过：
apt-get remove ffmpeg x264
step4 先安装一些Mplayer编码库(仅限于64位系统):
wget -c http://www2.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/essential-amd64-20071007.tar.bz2
tar xvjf essential-amd64-20071007.tar.bz2 mkdir /usr/local/lib/codecs cp -Rvp essential-amd64-20071007/* /usr/local/lib/codecs/ 编辑下面文件 vim /etc/ld.so.conf 添加以下两行到上面的文件里 /usr/lib /usr/local/lib
step5 再安装一些格式转换常用的编码库:
sudo apt-get install amrnb opencore-amr amrwb libvorbis libtheora xvidcore
sudo apt-get install build-essential git-core checkinstall texi2html libfaac-dev \
libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libsdl1.2-dev libtheora-dev \
libvorbis-dev libx11-dev libxfixes-dev zlib1g-dev libxvidcore-dev
setp6 安装x.264:
wget ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/last_stable_x264.tar.bz2
tar xvjf last_stable_x264.tar.bz2 cd x264-snapshot-20150803-2245-stable/ ./configure –enable-shared –enable-pic make && make install cd ~/working
setp7 安装libvpx:
wget http://webm.googlecode.com/files/libvpx-v1.4.0.tar.bz2
tar xvjf libvpx-v1.4.0.tar.bz2 cd libvpx-v1.4.0 ./configure –enable-shared –enable-pic make && make install cd ~/working
step8 安装FFmpeg
wget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-2.7.2.tar.bz2
tar xvjf ffmpeg-2.7.2.tar.bz2 cd ffmpeg-2.7.2 ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-shared --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid make && make install cd ~/working 让动态链接库被系统共享 ldconfig
step9 安装mplayer and mencoder
apt-get install libmp3lame-dev svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer/trunk mplayer (使用最新的代码可以编译安装，否则使用http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/mplayer-checkout-snapshot.tar.bz2 的话出错，) cd mplayer/ ./configure make && make install
step 10 安装flvtool2：
sudo apt-get install ruby gem -v gem souce -l https://rubygems.org/ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/ gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/ gem sources -l 因为网络的原因，切换为淘宝的服务器 ll /usr/local/bin/flvtool2
step11 查看一下已经安装好的音频和视频编码器
查看所有所支持的音频编码
mencoder -oac help
查看所有所支持的视频编码
mencoder -ovc help
setp12 安装配置Nginx:
先安装各种依赖(nginx需要pcre支持,yamdi用来为flv创建关键帧才能随意拖动)
sudo apt-get install gcc g++ libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libpcre3-dev yamdi
下载所需的nginx模块
第一个是nginx_mod_h264_streaming，让nginx支持flv/mp4流播放
wget http://h264.code-shop.com/download/nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7.tar.gz
注意：先要修改一下这家伙的源码，注释掉nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7/src/ngx_http_streaming_module.c的158到161行
/* TODO: Win32 */
//if (r->zero_in_uri)
// {
// return NGX_DECLINED;
// }
第二个是nginx-rtmp-module，让nginx支持rtmp/hls协议
wget -O nginx-rtmp-module.zip https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/archive/master.zip unzip nginx-rtmp-module.zip
下载清缓存的模块
wget -O ngx_cache_purge.zip https://github.com/FRiCKLE/ngx_cache_purge/archive/master.zip unzip ngx_cache_purge.zip
下载安装nginx:
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz cd nginx-1.8.0 ./configure --user=daemon --group=daemon --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module-master --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-master --add-module=../nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7 --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module make && make install
编译过程中出错：
make[1]: *** [objs/addon/src/mp4_reader.o] 错误 1
解决方法： vim objs/Makefile (修改objs/Makefile文件, 去掉其中的"-Werror"), 然后就能够正常编译了.
step13 设置nginx为系统服务
sudo wget https://raw.github.com/JasonGiedymin/nginx-init-ubuntu/master/nginx -O /etc/init.d/nginx sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults sudo service nginx start sudo service nginx stop
然后用浏览器你的服务器IP，看到welcome就对了
或者到nginx的sbin目录下，运行一下nginx -V，看看列表出来的modules对不对
step14 各种配置nginx:
编辑/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf文件，最好用sftp软件(如windows下的flashfxp/Mac下的tramnsmit)下载过来本地编辑。
#filename:nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
# video on demand
application vod {
play /mnt/media/vod;
}
# HLS
# HLS requires libavformat & should be configured as a separate
# NGINX module in addition to nginx-rtmp-module:
# ./configure … –add-module=/path/to/nginx-rtmp-module/hls …
# For HLS to work please create a directory in tmpfs (/tmp/app here)
# for the fragments. The directory contents is served via HTTP (see
# http{} section in config)
#
# Incoming stream must be in H264/AAC/MP3. For iPhones use baseline H264
# profile (see ffmpeg example).
# This example creates RTMP stream from movie ready for HLS:
#
# ffmpeg -loglevel verbose -re -i movie.avi -vcodec libx264
# -vprofile baseline -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 1
# -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/hls/movie
#
# If you need to transcode live stream use ‘exec’ feature.
#
application hls {
hls on;
hls_path /mnt/media/app;
hls_fragment 10s;
}
}
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
#log format
log_format access ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;
#定义一个名为addr的limit_zone,大小10M内存来存储session
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
# HTTP can be used for accessing RTMP stats
# This URL provides RTMP statistics in XML
location /stat {
rtmp_stat all;
rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
}
location /stat.xsl {
root /mnt/soft/nginx-rtmp-module-master;
}
location /control {
rtmp_control all;
}
location / {
root /mnt/soft/nginx-rtmp-module-master/test/rtmp-publisher;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /mnt/wwwroot;
index index.html;
}
location ~ \.flv$ {
root /mnt/media/vod;
flv;
limit_conn addr 20;
limit_rate 200k;
}
location ~ \.mp4$ {
root /mnt/media/video;
mp4;
limit_conn addr 20;
limit_rate 200k;
}
location /hls {
# Serve HLS fragments
alias /mnt/media/app;
}
access_log logs/nginxflv_access.log access;
}
}step14 把自己的电影转换成mp4和flv格式来测试nginx搭的环境:
准备两部电影，硬盘上随便找，我找了“谍影重重A.mp4”和“鹿鼎记033.rmvb”，尽量找小一点十来分钟的，等下我们还要看完测试一下转换的结果有没有音影不同步的情况。 我把两部电影重命名为 movie1.mp4和 movie2.rmvb，并上传到服务器/mnt/media/video下面，这里目录用来存放我们的原始视频。还有一个目录是/mnt/media/vod 用来存放转换后的视频。 我这里的具体目录结构为: /mnt/media/video -> 存放原始视频 /mnt/media/app -> 存放转成m3u8的视频,供http访问(HLS) /mnt/media/vod -> 存放转换后的flv和mp4视频,供http或rtmp访问
用ffmpeg转换mp4文件(ffmpeg不支持rmvb)
cd /mnt/media/video/ ffmpeg -y -i movie1.mp4 -vcodec copy -acodec copy ../vod/movie1.flv cd ../vod mv movie1.flv movie1-src.flv yamdi -i movie1-src.flv -o movie1.flv rm -rf movie1-src.flv
step15 安装flv web播放器：
ckplayer播放器安装简单。就拿这个做实例吧。
cd /mnt mkidr wwwroot
下载 ckplayer6.7
解压，将所以文件上传到wwwroot下面
step16 制作页面播放流媒体：
cd /mnt/wwwroot
touch a.html
vi a.html
输入以下内容：
<div id="a1"></div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/ckplayer/ckplayer.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var flashvars={
f:'http://你自己的ip地址/movie1.flv',
c:0
};
var params={bgcolor:'#FFF',allowFullScreen:true,allowScriptAccess:'always',wmode:'transparent'};
var video=['http://你自己的ip地址/movie1.mp4->video/mp4'];
CKobject.embed('/ckplayer/ckplayer.swf','a1','ckplayer_a1','100%','100%',true,flashvars,video,params);
</script>具体配置的含义，可以参考再见配置工作,这里
step 17 结束：
欢迎各位批评指正！
如有问题，欢迎与我联系！
