安装kubernetes1.12.1的 dashboard v1.10 + Heapster

• Dashboard是kubernetes的官方WEB UI。
• Heapster为集群添加使用统计和监控功能，为Dashboard添加仪表盘。 使用InfluxDB做为Heapster的后端存储。

Dashboard 安装

kubernetes dashboard 官方资源定义文档：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

注意点：

1. 默认资源定义文档中Service 定义没有使用NodePort，不能服务器外部访问
2. 默认资源定义文档中的权限定义，仅包含了dashboard需要的最小权限，不支持本地访问外的其他方式访问，需要创建身份令牌（Create An Authentication Token）才能独立的提供访问。

通过查看dashboard的定义文档，需要的镜像是k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0， 我们在所有node节点上pull该镜像：

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0 k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard:v1.10.0

使用anbile-playbook，脚本如下：

---
- hosts: slave
 remote_user: root
 tasks:
 - name: copy pull-images-nodes-dashboard.sh to remote nodes
 copy: src=../pull-images-nodes-dashboard.sh dest=/tmp/pull-images-nodes-dashboard.sh
 - name: pull images for node
 shell: sh /tmp/pull-images-nodes-dashboard.sh

由于之前使用kubeadm安装kubernetes时，均没有-adm64后缀，为保持统一，此时需要修改kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文档中使用的镜像名。

在镜像中添加镜像的拉取策略：imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent，保证在本地有镜像的情况下不去网络上拉取。

containers:
 - name: kubernetes-dashboard
 image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard:v1.10.0
 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

此处，也可以将镜像下载下来后存到本地仓库中，然后将配置的镜像地址改为私有仓库的地址。

Service 外网访问

修改Service 的定义，type为NodePort，如下：

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
 labels:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 name: kubernetes-dashboard
 namespace: kube-system
spec:
 type: NodePort
 ports:
 - port: 443
 targetPort: 8443
 nodePort: 8443
 selector:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

dashboard外部访问仅支持https协议。

修改权限配置

默认的角色权限登陆后，会出现如下图的问题：

可以依据实际的使用情况调整kubernetes-dashboard的权限。

主要修改Role 以及RoleBinding两个部分。

注释原kubernetes-dashboard.yml中Role 以及RoleBinding部分。

原RBAC授权是基于namespace的授权（使用的Role 和 RoleBinding），改为基于集群的授权（使用ClusterRole和ClusterRoleBinding）。基于集群授权admin登陆后，可管理整个集群的各个namespace下的资源。但是在实际生产使用中，应该还是区分用户和namespace 授权。

详细的RBAC说明，参考kubernetes 官网：Using RBAC Authorization

授权资源配置改为：

kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
 name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
 - kind: ServiceAccount
 name: kubernetes-dashboard
 namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
 kind: ClusterRole
 name: cluster-admin
 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

使用kubectl apply -f dashboard/使用新的配置部署kubernetes dashboard。

访问dashboard：登陆https://10.20.13.24:30443。

可查看各类kubernetes集群的资源。

kube-system空间的负载：

完整的kubernetes dashboard 配置参考文末。

启动dashboard

启动dashboard：kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

查看pod运行状态：

[root@kuber24 dashboard]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-75gcc 1/1 Running 0 4d19h 10.1.0.3 kuber24 <none>
kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-v242w 1/1 Running 0 4d19h 10.1.0.2 kuber24 <none>
kube-system etcd-kuber24 1/1 Running 2 4d19h 10.20.13.24 kuber24 <none>
kube-system kube-apiserver-kuber24 1/1 Running 1 4d19h 10.20.13.24 kuber24 <none>
kube-system kube-controller-manager-kuber24 1/1 Running 2 4d19h 10.20.13.24 kuber24 <none>
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-6hqc4 1/1 Running 0 3d19h 10.20.13.25 kuber25 <none>
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-bs4b7 1/1 Running 0 3d19h 10.20.13.27 kuber27 <none>
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-gwcj5 1/1 Running 0 4d16h 10.20.13.24 kuber24 <none>
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-tmsbc 1/1 Running 0 3d19h 10.20.13.26 kuber26 <none>
kube-system kube-proxy-fqm89 1/1 Running 0 3d19h 10.20.13.27 kuber27 <none>
kube-system kube-proxy-nd875 1/1 Running 2 4d19h 10.20.13.24 kuber24 <none>
kube-system kube-proxy-qsf9z 1/1 Running 0 3d19h 10.20.13.25 kuber25 <none>
kube-system kube-proxy-ww8x7 1/1 Running 0 3d19h 10.20.13.26 kuber26 <none>
kube-system kube-scheduler-kuber24 1/1 Running 2 4d19h 10.20.13.24 kuber24 <none>
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-68bbb49dc-kl5gn 1/1 Running 0 16s 10.1.3.2 kuber27 <none>

dashboard的访问地址为：https://<master-ip>:<dashboard-nodeport>

如果发生ErrImagePull，先查看pod部署的物理节点是否有dashboard镜像，然后确定镜像名和版本信息等是否与yml定义一致。

使用kubectl get secret --all-namespaces|grep dashboard查看dashboard关联的身份令牌token。

[root@kuber24 dashboard]# kubectl get Secret --all-namespaces|grep dashboard
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-certs Opaque 0 152m
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder Opaque 2 75m
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-token-9msgn kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 152m
[root@kuber24 dashboard]# kubectl describe secret/kubernetes-dashboard-token-9msgn -n kube-system
Name: kubernetes-dashboard-token-9msgn
Namespace: kube-system
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard
 kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 43b5fdcf-d67d-11e8-8f15-00259029d7a2
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1025 bytes
namespace: 11 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.LjBwNW93Gn-XRmJvkpHpPkpYhE3v7CB3Vm5GE1VvXRDSMtme7q7K-E522BS__I6BCqLTtmncN1rSkEYtBKgmfhUf6UhABL3vW8zoPYneFZINrcWA1wrlLx5TlIIcdDLVGrWQUbv3X5NYVfP-yhCuLMv7K3glXa01-B6L8Mgm8EiuMJqZ6ypiGUySl3dLld0vu4reT5fIHgipziuChZWLrYd2mPHXNesVv4UHw_UGASD0-CCEtMvTZ5Bgvs3IP278qOw8AyAioBDNMjPTqri4MDBbkzuXjmXhBiknA6yBDYD4piBt_cjVWq6diTwV2veFCiGMxfetz36AkgMFSSQjKA

其中前面是kubernetes dashboard 的默认安装的token。

Heapster 安装

heapster 依赖 influxdb，下载heapster运行的配置资源定义文档和授权定义文档。

mkdir heapster
cd heapster
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/grafana.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/heapster.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/rbac/heapster-rbac.yaml

准备镜像

查看资源定义文档，找到需要使用的镜像，如下：

k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
k8s.gcr.io/heapster-amd64:v1.5.4
k8s.gcr.io/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.5.2

使用脚本在node上pull镜像：

#!/bin/bash
images=(kube-proxy-amd64:v1.12.1 pause-amd64:3.1 kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0 heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4 heapster-amd64:v1.5.4 heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.5.2)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/$imageName
 if [[ $imageName =~ "amd64" ]]; then
 docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/$imageName "k8s.gcr.io/${imageName//-amd64/}"
 else
 docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/$imageName k8s.gcr.io/$imageName
 fi
 # docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/$imageName
done

由于之前使用kubeadm安装kubernetes时，均没有-adm64后缀，为保持统一，此时需要修改kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文档中使用的镜像名。

在上文创建的heapster文件夹上级目录，运行：

kubectl apply -f ./heapster/

删除kubernetes dashboard 的相关资源

使用官方的kubernetes dashboard 配置后，登陆系统没有任何的权限，需要更改权限。更改前，清理之前配置和运行的资源。

• 删除secret：kubectl delete secret $(kubectl get secret -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
• 删除ServiceAccount：kubectl delete ServiceAccount $(kubectl get ServiceAccount -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
• 删除Role：kubectl delete Role $(kubectl get Role -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
• 删除RoleBinding：kubectl delete RoleBinding $(kubectl get RoleBinding -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
• 删除Deployment：kubectl delete Deployment $(kubectl get Deployment -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
• 删除Service：kubectl delete Service $(kubectl get Service -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system

清理：

kubectl delete secret $(kubectl get secret -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
kubectl delete ServiceAccount $(kubectl get ServiceAccount -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
kubectl delete Role $(kubectl get Role -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
kubectl delete RoleBinding $(kubectl get RoleBinding -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
kubectl delete RoleBinding $(kubectl get RoleBinding -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
kubectl delete Deployment $(kubectl get Deployment -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
kubectl delete Service $(kubectl get Service -n kube-system|grep dashboard| awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system

完整的kubernetes dashboard 配置

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
 labels:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
 namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
 labels:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 name: kubernetes-dashboard
 namespace: kube-system
---
# # ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #
#
# kind: Role
# apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# metadata:
# name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
# namespace: kube-system
# rules:
# # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
# - apiGroups: [""]
# resources: ["secrets"]
# verbs: ["create"]
# # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
# - apiGroups: [""]
# resources: ["configmaps"]
# verbs: ["create"]
# # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
# - apiGroups: [""]
# resources: ["secrets"]
# resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
# verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
# - apiGroups: [""]
# resources: ["configmaps"]
# resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
# verbs: ["get", "update"]
# # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
# - apiGroups: [""]
# resources: ["services"]
# resourceNames: ["heapster"]
# verbs: ["proxy"]
# - apiGroups: [""]
# resources: ["services/proxy"]
# resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
# verbs: ["get"]
#
# ---
# apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# kind: RoleBinding
# metadata:
# name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
# namespace: kube-system
# roleRef:
# apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
# kind: Role
# name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
# subjects:
# - kind: ServiceAccount
# name: kubernetes-dashboard
# namespace: kube-system
#
---
# ---------- Dashboard ClusterRole & ClusterRoleBinding --------- #
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
 name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
 - kind: ServiceAccount
 name: kubernetes-dashboard
 namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
 kind: ClusterRole
 name: cluster-admin
 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
metadata:
 labels:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 name: kubernetes-dashboard
 namespace: kube-system
spec:
 replicas: 1
 revisionHistoryLimit: 10
 selector:
 matchLabels:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 template:
 metadata:
 labels:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 spec:
 containers:
 - name: kubernetes-dashboard
 image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard:v1.10.0
 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
 ports:
 - containerPort: 8443
 protocol: TCP
 args:
 - --auto-generate-certificates
 # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
 # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
 # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
 # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
 volumeMounts:
 - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
 mountPath: /certs
 # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
 - mountPath: /tmp
 name: tmp-volume
 livenessProbe:
 httpGet:
 scheme: HTTPS
 path: /
 port: 8443
 initialDelaySeconds: 30
 timeoutSeconds: 30
 volumes:
 - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
 secret:
 secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
 - name: tmp-volume
 emptyDir: {}
 serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
 # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
 tolerations:
 - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
 effect: NoSchedule
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
 labels:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 name: kubernetes-dashboard
 namespace: kube-system
spec:
 type: NodePort
 ports:
 - port: 443
 targetPort: 8443
 nodePort: 30443
 selector:
 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

参考

1. kubernetes dashboard 官方说明
2. kubernetes 安装博客

最后

感谢大家的阅读，如果有什么疑问️，请您留言。