使用Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana搭建日志集中分析平台实

王明晓 2015-12-21

在上周的上海Gopher Meetup的聚会上,听了ASTA谢的演讲。然后公司最近也需要实现一个日志集中分析平台。ASTA谢恰好也讲了他使用了Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana这个组合进行日志分析。回来之后就买了一本书然后各种google把它配置好了,当然只是把框架搭好了。这三个组建还有很多功能并没有熟悉。本文只是简单的介绍在CentOS如果配置ELK(因为公司的服务器是Centos的,个人比较喜欢Ubuntu 哈哈)

什么是ELK:

Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana(ELK)是一套开源的日志管理方案,分析网站的访问情况时我们一般会借助Google/百度/CNZZ等方式嵌入JS做数据统计,但是当网站访问异常或者被攻击时我们需要在后台分析如Nginx的具体日志,而Nginx日志分割/GoAccess/Awstats都是相对简单的单节点解决方案,针对分布式集群或者数据量级较大时会显得心有余而力不足,而ELK的出现可以使我们从容面对新的挑战。

  • Logstash:负责日志的收集,处理和储存
  • Elasticsearch:负责日志检索和分析
  • Kibana:负责日志的可视化

官方网站:

JDK – http://www.Oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
Elasticsearch – https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch
Logstash – https://www.elastic.co/downloads/logstash
Kibana – https://www.elastic.co/downloads/kibana
Nginx-https://www.nginx.com/

服务端配置:

安装Java JDK:

cat /etc/RedHat-release
//这是我linux的版本
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)
//我们通过yum 方式安装Java Jdk
yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk

Elasticsearch安装:

#下载安装
wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.1.noarch.rpm
yum localinstall elasticsearch-1.7.1.noarch.rpm

#启动相关服务
service elasticsearch start
service elasticsearch status

#查看Elasticsearch的配置文件
rpm -qc elasticsearch

/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
/etc/elasticsearch/logging.yml
/etc/init.d/elasticsearch
/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
/usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf
/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/elasticsearch.conf

#查看端口使用情况
netstat -nltp

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address          Foreign Address        State      PID/Program name   
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*              LISTEN      1817/master       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5601            0.0.0.0:*              LISTEN      27369/node         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*              LISTEN      31848/nginx: master
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*              LISTEN      16567/sshd         
tcp6      0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      8263/java         
tcp6      0      0 :::5000                :::*                    LISTEN      2771/java         
tcp6      0      0 :::8009                :::*                    LISTEN      8263/java         
tcp6      0      0 :::3306                :::*                    LISTEN      28839/mysqld       
tcp6      0      0 :::80                  :::*                    LISTEN      31848/nginx: master
tcp6      0      0 :::8080                :::*                    LISTEN      8263/java         
tcp6      0      0 :::9200                :::*                    LISTEN      25808/java         
tcp6      0      0 :::9300                :::*                    LISTEN      25808/java         
tcp6      0      0 :::9301                :::*                    LISTEN      2771/java         
tcp6      0      0 :::22                  :::*                    LISTEN      16567/sshd 

我们看到9200端口了说明我们安装成功了,我们可以在终端输入

#测试访问
curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/

或者直接浏览器打开我们可以看到

{
status: 200,
name: "Pip the Troll",
cluster_name: "elasticsearch",
version: {
number: "1.7.2",
build_hash: "e43676b1385b8125d647f593f7202acbd816e8ec",
build_timestamp: "2015-09-14T09:49:53Z",
build_snapshot: false,
lucene_version: "4.10.4"
},
tagline: "You Know, for Search"
}

说明我们的程序是运行正常的。

Kibana的安装:

#下载tar包
wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
#解压
tar zxf kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
mv kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64 kibana

#创建kibana服务
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/kibana

#!/bin/bash
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          kibana
# Default-Start:    2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Runs kibana daemon
# Description: Runs the kibana daemon as a non-root user
### END INIT INFO

# Process name
NAME=kibana
DESC="Kibana4"
PROG="/etc/init.d/kibana"

# Configure location of Kibana bin
KIBANA_BIN=/usr/local/kibana/bin

# PID Info
PID_FOLDER=/var/run/kibana/
PID_FILE=/var/run/kibana/$NAME.pid
LOCK_FILE=/var/lock/subsys/$NAME
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:$KIBANA_BIN
DAEMON=$KIBANA_BIN/$NAME

# Configure User to run daemon process
DAEMON_USER=root
# Configure logging location
KIBANA_LOG=/var/log/kibana.log

# Begin Script
RETVAL=0

if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "You need root privileges to run this script"
        exit 1
fi

# Function library
. /etc/init.d/functions
 
start() {
        echo -n "Starting $DESC : "

pid=`pidofproc -p $PID_FILE kibana`
        if [ -n "$pid" ] ; then
                echo "Already running."
                exit 0
        else
        # Start Daemon
if [ ! -d "$PID_FOLDER" ] ; then
                        mkdir $PID_FOLDER
                fi
daemon --user=$DAEMON_USER --pidfile=$PID_FILE $DAEMON 1>"$KIBANA_LOG" 2>&1 &
                sleep 2
                pidofproc node > $PID_FILE
                RETVAL=$?
                [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && success || failure
echo
                [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch $LOCK_FILE
                return $RETVAL
        fi
}

reload()
{
    echo "Reload command is not implemented for this service."
    return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
        echo -n "Stopping $DESC : "
        killproc -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON
        RETVAL=$?
echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f $PID_FILE $LOCK_FILE
}
 
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  status)
        status -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
  restart)
        stop
        start
        ;;
  reload)
reload
;;
  *)
# Invalid Arguments, print the following message.
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}" >&2
exit 2
        ;;
esac

#修改启动权限
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/kibana

#启动kibana服务
service kibana start
service kibana status

#查看端口
netstat -nltp

因为刚刚已经执行过

netstat -nltp

所以显示的效果我这里就不贴���,如果我们能看到5601端口就说明我们安装成功了。

Option 1:Generate SSL Certificates:

生成SSL证书是为了服务端和客户端进行验证:

sudo vi /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

Find the [ v3_ca ] section in the file, and add this line under it (substituting in the Logstash Server’s private IP address):

subjectAltName = IP: logstash_server_private_ip

cd /etc/pki/tls
sudo openssl req -config /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt

Option 2: FQDN (DNS):

cd /etc/pki/tls
sudo openssl req -subj '/CN=<^>logstash_server_fqdn/' -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt

Logstash安装:

Logstash Forwarder(客户端):

安装Logstash Forwarder
wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash-forwarder/binaries/logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm

#查看logstash-forwarder的配置文件位置
rpm -qc logstash-forwarder
/etc/logstash-forwarder.conf

#备份配置文件
cp /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf.save

#编辑 /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf,需要根据实际情况进行修改

vim /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf
{
  "network": {
    "servers": [ "这里写服务器的ip:5000" ],

    "ssl ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt",

    "timeout": 15
  },

  "files": [
    {
      "paths": [
        "/var/log/messages",
        "/var/log/secure"
      ],

      "fields": { "type": "syslog" }
    }
  ]
}

Logstash Server(服务端):

#下载rpm包
wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/packages/centos/logstash-1.5.4-1.noarch.rpm
#安装
yum localinstall logstash-1.5.4-1.noarch.rpm
#创建一个01-logstash-initial.conf文件
vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-logstash-initial.conf
input {
  lumberjack {
    port => 5000
    type => "logs"
    ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"
    ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key"
  }
}


filter {
  if [type] == "syslog" {
    grok {
      match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" }
      add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ]
      add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ]
    }
    syslog_pri { }
    date {
      match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM  d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ]
    }
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch { host => localhost }
  stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}

#启动logstash服务
service logstash start
service logstash status

#访问Kibana,Time-field name 选择 @timestamp 要在下一步操作 Nginx 日志配置之后访问 不然会没有数据不能创建
http://localhost:5601/

#增加节点和客户端配置一样,注意同步证书(可以通过SSH的方式同步)
/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt

配置Nginx日志:

#修改客户端配置
vim /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf

{
  "network": {
    "servers": [ "自己服务器的ip地址:5000" ],

    "ssl ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt",

    "timeout": 15
  },

  "files": [
    {
      "paths": [
        "/var/log/messages",
        "/var/log/secure"
      ],
      "fields": { "type": "syslog" }
    }, {
      "paths": [
        "/app/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
      ],
      "fields": { "type": "nginx" }
    }
  ]
}

#服务端增加patterns
mkdir /opt/logstash/patterns
vim /opt/logstash/patterns/nginx

NGUSERNAME [a-zA-Z.@-+_%]+
NGUSER %{NGUSERNAME}
NGINXACCESS %{IPORHOST:remote_addr} - - [%{HTTPDATE:time_local}] "%{WORD:method} %{URIPATH:path}(?:%{URIPARAM:param})? HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{INT:status} %{INT:body_bytes_sent} %{QS:http_referer} %{QS:http_user_agent}


#修改logstash权限
chown -R logstash:logstash /opt/logstash/patterns

#修改服务端配置
vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-logstash-initial.conf

input {
  lumberjack {
    port => 5000
    type => "logs"
    ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"
    ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key"
  }
}


filter {
  if [type] == "syslog" {
    grok {
      match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" }
      add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ]
      add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ]
    }
    syslog_pri { }
    date {
      match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM  d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ]
    }
  }
  if [type] == "nginx" {
    grok {
      match => { "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}" }
    }
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch { host => localhost }
  stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}

我们看一下完成配置之后的效果:

使用Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana搭建日志集中分析平台实

好了,我是折腾了2天才折腾出来的,感觉自己好笨。写篇总结为了下一次能够快速的搭建起来。

ElasticSearch 的详细介绍:请点这里
ElasticSearch 的下载地址:请点这里

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